Fire Inspection & Code Enforcement Chapts. 14&15

The correct answer is the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The NRC is responsible for enforcing storage requirements for radioactive materials. They oversee the licensing and regulation of nuclear power plants, as well as the safe handling and storage of radioactive materials to protect public health and safety. The Department of Defense (DoD) and the National Nuclear Safety Administration (NNSA) may have their own regulations and requirements for handling radioactive materials, but the NRC is specifically tasked with enforcing storage requirements.

Cryogenic liquids are extremely cold substances, typically below -150 degrees Celsius. When these liquids come into contact with the skin, they can cause severe burns due to the rapid freezing of tissue. This is because the extreme cold temperature causes the skin cells to freeze and can lead to tissue damage. Therefore, the greatest hazard associated with cryogenic liquids is the potential for severe burns due to their extremely low temperatures.

The Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) is a guidebook developed specifically for fire and emergency services personnel who may be the first to arrive at the scene of an incident involving hazardous materials. It provides crucial information on how to respond safely and effectively to incidents involving hazardous materials, including identification, isolation, and initial protective actions. The ERG is designed to assist first responders in making quick and informed decisions to protect themselves and the public during hazardous materials incidents.

A pressure relief valve is a device that is designed to open when the pressure inside a tank exceeds a certain threshold. It is specifically designed to relieve excess pressure and prevent the tank from becoming compromised. Unlike a frangible disk, which is designed to rupture at a specific pressure, a pressure relief valve opens well below any pressure that would pose a threat to the tank's integrity. Therefore, a pressure relief valve is the correct answer as it is the most suitable device for preventing any damage to the tank.

Intermodal containers are a type of bulk packaging that can be used interchangeably in multiple modes of transport. These containers are designed to be easily transferred between different types of transportation, such as ships, trains, and trucks. They are standardized in size and shape, allowing for efficient and seamless movement of goods across different transportation networks. Intermodal containers are widely used in the freight industry to transport a variety of goods, making them a versatile and convenient option for bulk packaging.

NFPA 704 is a standard system used to indicate the health, flammability, and reactivity hazards of a chemical substance. In this system, health ratings are represented by the color blue. Therefore, the correct answer is blue.

Underground storage tanks are the safest form of storage for flammable and combustible liquids because they are designed to prevent leaks and minimize the risk of fires or explosions. Being buried underground, these tanks are less susceptible to external factors such as extreme temperatures or physical damage. Additionally, they are often made of durable materials like steel and equipped with safety features like leak detection systems and corrosion protection. These tanks also help to reduce the risk of vapor release and protect the environment from potential contamination.

In facilities storing flammable solids, it is crucial to separate incompatible materials. This measure is necessary to prevent any potential reactions or accidents that could occur if these materials come into contact with each other. By keeping incompatible materials separated, the risk of fire or explosion can be minimized, ensuring the safety of the facility and its occupants.

Inspectors at facilities that contain hazardous materials are responsible for enforcing appropriate hazardous materials codes or ordinances and correctly recognizing and interpreting hazardous materials placards. However, testing hazardous materials sites for proper levels and applications is typically not a task performed by inspectors. This task is usually handled by specialized professionals such as environmental engineers or technicians who have the necessary expertise and equipment to conduct such tests accurately and effectively.

To prevent flammable or combustible liquids from igniting, it is important to provide ventilation to prevent vapors from reaching their flammable ranges. This is because when the vapors of these liquids mix with air and reach a certain concentration, they become flammable. By providing ventilation, the vapors are dispersed and diluted, reducing the likelihood of ignition. Storing liquids in open containers can increase the risk of vapor accumulation, while excluding inert gas from the atmosphere does not directly address the issue of vapor concentration.

Some military markings may not be marked due to security reasons. This means that not all military vehicles and facilities will have visible markings. This could be to prevent the identification of sensitive or classified information, or to maintain operational security. It is important for military organizations to balance the need for markings to ensure identification and the need to protect sensitive information.

NFPA 704 markings are used to provide information about the hazards of a chemical substance. These markings consist of a diamond-shaped symbol divided into four quadrants. Each quadrant represents a different type of hazard. The special hazards, which include substances that are reactive, water-reactive, or oxidizers, are located in the six o'clock position on the NFPA 704 markings. This means that if a substance has a special hazard, it will be indicated by a symbol in the bottom quadrant of the diamond.

The blue-bordered pages of the Emergency Response Guidebook ERG contain the material name index. This index provides a list of hazardous materials and their corresponding guide numbers, which are used to quickly identify the appropriate response procedures for a specific material in case of an emergency. The material name index helps responders locate the relevant information they need to safely handle and respond to hazardous materials incidents.

Storage containers for compressed and liquefied gases must be stored in dry, well-ventilated areas. This is because compressed and liquefied gases can be hazardous and may pose a risk of explosion or fire if not stored properly. Storing them in dry areas helps prevent moisture from causing corrosion or other damage to the containers. Well-ventilated areas help to disperse any potential leaks or releases of gases, reducing the risk of buildup and potential harm to individuals in the vicinity. Labeling or color coding the containers is not necessary for their proper storage.

The flash point is the term used to describe the minimum temperature at which a liquid fuel releases enough vapors to create an ignitable mixture with the air near the liquid's surface. This means that at or above the flash point, the fuel can easily catch fire or ignite when exposed to a spark or flame.

Compressed gases exist as gases when pressurized within a container. When gases are compressed, their volume decreases while their pressure increases. This causes the gas molecules to be packed closer together, resulting in a higher density and a gas state. Examples of compressed gases include oxygen, nitrogen, helium, and carbon dioxide. These gases are commonly used in various industries for purposes such as welding, refrigeration, and propulsion.

Cryogenic liquids have a boiling point of -130°F. This means that at this temperature, these liquids will transition from a liquid state to a gaseous state. Cryogenic liquids are extremely cold and are used in various applications such as medical procedures, scientific research, and industrial processes. The low boiling point of -130°F allows these liquids to be stored and transported at very low temperatures, ensuring their stability and effectiveness in their intended applications.

Inspectors are required to perform inspections of existing aboveground storage tanks. This means that their responsibility is to assess the condition and compliance of tanks that are already installed and in use. This task involves conducting regular inspections to ensure that the tanks are in proper working order, meet safety regulations, and do not pose any environmental or health risks. Inspectors are not responsible for installing new tanks or performing acceptance tests, as their main focus is on the ongoing maintenance and inspection of existing tanks.

If tanks inside buildings are greater than 660 gallons (L), that portion of the structure must be considered a hazardous occupancy. This means that if the tanks hold more than 660 gallons, the building is deemed to have a higher risk and potential danger due to the presence of the tanks.

The term "threshold limit value (TLV)" is defined as the concentration of a toxic material that can generally be tolerated without causing any ill effects. TLV is used to establish safe exposure levels for workers and is based on scientific research and data. It helps to prevent adverse health effects and ensure a safe working environment.

Tank cars are the type of railroad cars that carry the majority of hazardous materials transported by rail. Tank cars are specifically designed to transport liquids, gases, and other hazardous materials safely. They have reinforced walls and are equipped with various safety features such as pressure relief valves and protective coatings to prevent leaks or spills. Tank cars are widely used in the transportation of chemicals, petroleum products, and other hazardous substances due to their ability to securely contain and transport these materials.

Cargo tank trucks commonly used to transport hazardous materials must meet the specifications set by the Motor carrier MC and the Department of Transportation/Transport Canada DOT/TC. These specifications ensure that the trucks are designed and built to safely transport hazardous materials, minimizing the risk of accidents and ensuring compliance with regulations. The Motor carrier MC sets standards for the operation and maintenance of the trucks, while the Department of Transportation/Transport Canada DOT/TC sets standards for the design, construction, and testing of the tanks themselves. Together, these specifications help to protect the public and the environment from the potential dangers of transporting hazardous materials.

Flammable liquids have a flash point below 100°F because the flash point is the temperature at which the liquid can produce enough vapor to ignite when exposed to an open flame or spark. Liquids with a flash point below 100°F are considered highly flammable and can easily catch fire at relatively low temperatures.

Combustible liquids have a flash point above 100*F because the flash point of a liquid is the lowest temperature at which it can vaporize and form an ignitable mixture in the air. Liquids with a flash point above 100*F are considered combustible because they require a higher temperature to reach their vaporization point and become flammable. This means that they are less likely to ignite at lower temperatures compared to liquids with a flash point below 100*F, which are considered flammable.

Safety data sheets (SDS's) are documents that provide detailed information about hazardous substances and their potential risks. They are used to ensure the safety of workers and provide guidance on how to handle and store hazardous materials. Fire fighting measures, on the other hand, are typically included in fire safety plans and emergency response procedures, rather than in SDS's. Therefore, fire fighting measures are not typically found in SDS's.

On underground storage tanks, fill pipes for Class 1B and Class 1C liquids must terminate within 6 inches of the tank bottom. This requirement is in place to ensure that the fill pipes are positioned close enough to the tank bottom to prevent any potential leaks or spills from causing significant damage or contamination. By terminating the fill pipes within 6 inches of the tank bottom, any potential leaks or spills can be detected and addressed promptly, minimizing the risk of harm to the environment and ensuring the safe storage of these hazardous liquids.

Storing all materials in open containers is not a measure taken at sites storing flammable/combustible liquids & compressed/liquefied cryogenic gases. This is because storing these materials in open containers increases the risk of fire or explosion as it allows for easier access to ignition sources and increases the likelihood of leaks or spills. Proper storage of flammable/combustible liquids and compressed/liquefied cryogenic gases typically involves using closed containers or tanks to minimize the potential for accidents and ensure safety.

One handling consideration for compressed/liquefied gases is to mark empty cylinders with the letters MT. This is important because it helps to clearly identify which cylinders are empty and prevents them from being mistakenly used or handled. By marking them with the letters MT, it ensures that they are easily distinguishable from full cylinders and reduces the risk of accidents or mishandling.

Acute toxicity refers to the effects caused by a single dose or exposure to a toxic material. It is a measure of the immediate harmful effects that occur after a short period of exposure to a substance. This term is used to describe the severity of the toxic effects and the potential danger of a substance when it is encountered in high concentrations or doses. The effects of acute toxicity can range from mild symptoms to severe illness or even death, depending on the specific substance and the individual's susceptibility.

UN identification numbers are found in the yellow-bordered pages of the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG). The ERG is a guidebook used by first responders to quickly identify hazardous materials and provide guidance on how to respond to incidents involving these materials. The yellow-bordered pages specifically contain information about the identification numbers assigned to different hazardous substances, which are used to quickly identify the nature of the material and determine the appropriate response actions.

Low pressure storage tanks are designed for pressures ranging from 0.5 to 15 psi. These tanks are specifically built to store substances that do not require high pressure to be contained. They are commonly used for storing liquids or gases that are not volatile or highly reactive. The design of low pressure storage tanks ensures that they can safely handle and store materials at relatively low pressures without the need for additional reinforcement or safety measures.

The maximum quantity allowed for Class II flammable and combustible liquids in glass containers is 1.3 gallons. This means that any glass container holding a quantity greater than 1.3 gallons of these liquids would be considered unsafe and a potential hazard.

Storage rooms for flammable and combustible liquids must have self-closing fire doors. This is because self-closing fire doors are designed to automatically close in the event of a fire, preventing the spread of flames and smoke to other areas of the building. These doors help to contain the fire and provide additional time for people to evacuate safely. They are an essential safety feature in storage rooms where flammable and combustible liquids are stored, as they help to minimize the risk of fire-related accidents and protect both the property and individuals from potential harm.

Vehicles transporting more than 1,001 pounds of flammable solids are required to have placards. This means that if the weight of the flammable solids being transported is 1,001 pounds or greater, the vehicle must display placards indicating the presence of hazardous materials. Placards are used to alert others on the road and emergency responders about the potential danger of the cargo being transported.

In Mexico, triangular caution symbols are commonly used to indicate potential hazards or dangers. These symbols are easily recognizable and provide a clear visual warning to individuals. The triangular shape helps to draw attention and stands out from other signage, making it an effective choice for caution symbols.

Ventilation for fixed-site storage tanks must be equipped with flame arresters to prevent the ignition of flammable vapors inside the tanks. Flame arresters are safety devices that are designed to extinguish flames and prevent the propagation of fire by cooling the flames and absorbing the heat. They are commonly used in storage tanks to prevent explosions and protect against potential fire hazards. By installing flame arresters in the tank ventilation system, the risk of fire and explosion is significantly reduced, ensuring the safety of the storage facility and its surroundings.

Beta radiation consists of fast-moving charged electrons (β-) or positrons (β+). These particles have greater penetrating ability compared to alpha radiation, which consists of helium nuclei. Therefore, beta radiation is the correct answer as it matches the description given in the question.

DOT labels are diamond shaped.

The signal word "warning" is used on manufacturer's labels to indicate moderate hazards that have significant health effects. This signal word is typically used when the product poses a certain level of risk to health, but it is not as severe as the "danger" signal word. The "warning" signal word is meant to alert individuals to the potential hazards associated with the product and encourage them to take necessary precautions to avoid any health effects.

Bulk packaging refers to a type of packaging where materials are loaded without any intermediate form of containment. This means that the materials are directly loaded into the packaging without any additional barriers or compartments. Unlike other types of packaging, such as individual containers or compartments, bulk packaging allows for large quantities of materials to be stored or transported together in a single unit. This type of packaging is commonly used for materials that do not require individual containment or separation.

Class 6 of the UN hazard classification system includes toxic and infectious substances. This class is specifically designated for substances that can cause harm or illness to humans or animals when exposed to them. These substances may be in the form of solids, liquids, or gases and can pose a significant risk to public health and safety. It is important to handle and transport these substances with caution to prevent any potential harm or contamination.

Liquid or slurry form oxidizers are shipped in stainless steel tank trucks because oxidizers are highly reactive substances that can easily react with other materials, including the tanks themselves. Stainless steel is chosen as the material for the tank trucks because it is highly resistant to corrosion and can withstand the corrosive nature of oxidizers. This ensures the safe transportation of oxidizers without the risk of leaks or reactions that could lead to accidents or hazards.

The company representative is required to open and inspect explosives magazines every three days. This frequency ensures that the magazines are regularly checked for any potential issues or hazards. By inspecting them every three days, the company can maintain a high level of safety and minimize the risk of accidents or mishaps related to the storage of explosives.

Argon is a common cryogenic liquid because it has a boiling point of -185.7°C (-302.3°F) at atmospheric pressure. Cryogenic liquids are substances that are extremely cold and exist in a liquid state at very low temperatures. Argon is commonly used in cryogenic applications such as cooling and freezing, as well as in various industrial processes where low temperatures are required. Cyanide and benzene are not cryogenic liquids. Cyanide is a highly toxic compound, while benzene is a volatile organic compound commonly used as a solvent.

Self-heating materials have the potential to self-heat when they come in contact with air. Unlike flammable liquids, which require an external ignition source to initiate combustion, self-heating materials undergo an exothermic reaction upon exposure to air, generating heat. Pryophoric materials, on the other hand, are substances that ignite spontaneously in air, but they do not necessarily have the ability to self-heat. Therefore, self-heating materials are the most appropriate answer to the question.

When exposed to heat, oxidizers decompose. This means that they break down into simpler substances. Oxidizers are substances that can provide oxygen to support combustion. When they are heated, they undergo a chemical reaction that causes them to break apart into different compounds or elements. This decomposition process releases energy and can sometimes result in the production of gases or other byproducts. Therefore, the correct answer is decompose.

Metal containers for flammable and combustible liquids may be constructed of tin, steel, or lead. Lead is not a suitable material for constructing containers for flammable and combustible liquids due to its low melting point and potential for chemical reactions with certain substances. It is not as durable or resistant to corrosion as tin or steel, making it unsuitable for containing hazardous liquids.

The main hazards associated with compressed and liquefied gas storage are high pressures and potential for ignition. Compressed and liquefied gases are stored under high pressures, which can pose a risk of explosions or leaks if not properly handled. Additionally, these gases have the potential for ignition, meaning they can easily catch fire or explode if exposed to a spark or flame. Therefore, it is crucial to handle and store compressed and liquefied gases with caution to prevent accidents and ensure safety.

Commercial venting devices on aboveground storage tanks must be stamped with the operating pressure and the pressure at which the valve reaches full open position. This information is crucial for ensuring the safe and proper functioning of the venting device. However, the hydrostatic testing date is not required to be stamped on the venting device. Hydrostatic testing is a process used to test the structural integrity and strength of the tank, not the venting device itself.

Building openings, such as windows or doors, are not allowed within 10 feet of a flammable and combustible liquids storage area. This regulation is in place to minimize the risk of fire spreading from the storage area to the building. By maintaining a distance of 10 feet, the potential for ignition sources or heat transfer to reach the flammable liquids is reduced, helping to ensure the safety of the storage area and the surrounding building.