Computer Applications - Final Exam Questions

A virus is a type of malicious computer program that is capable of hijacking information, destroying digital data, and shutting down computers. It can spread from one computer to another, often through email attachments or infected websites. Once it infects a system, it can cause various harmful effects, such as stealing personal information, corrupting files, or disrupting the normal functioning of the computer. Therefore, the term "virus" is the correct answer in this context.

The abacus is a device with beads and wires that helped ancient peoples count and tabulate. It was used as a calculating tool before the invention of modern calculators and computers. The beads on the abacus are moved along the wires to represent numbers, allowing for simple arithmetic calculations. The abacus was widely used in many ancient civilizations, including the Chinese, Greek, Roman, and Egyptian cultures. It played a crucial role in early mathematics and provided a visual and tactile way for people to perform calculations.

During World War II, computers using vacuum tubes were created, which marked the beginning of the first generation of electrical computers. Vacuum tubes were essential components in early computers as they served as electronic switches that could amplify and control electrical signals. These vacuum tube computers were large and consumed a significant amount of power, but they played a crucial role in advancing computer technology and paved the way for future generations of computers.

A computer network is created whenever two or more digital devices are linked to share information. This allows for the transfer of data and communication between the devices, enabling them to work together and access shared resources. Networks can be wired or wireless, and can range from small local area networks (LANs) within a single building to wide area networks (WANs) that connect devices across large geographical areas. By connecting devices in a network, users can easily share files, access the internet, and collaborate on projects.

Telegraphers communicate with one another by the use of Morse code. Morse code is a system of communication that uses a series of dots and dashes to represent letters and numbers. It was developed by Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail in the 1830s and 1840s for use with telegraph systems. Telegraphers would send and receive messages by tapping out or listening for the specific patterns of dots and dashes that represented each letter or number in the Morse code alphabet. This allowed for efficient and reliable long-distance communication before the advent of modern telecommunications technology.

The correct answer is "service". In order to access the internet, you need to connect to the network through a host computer provided by an internet service provider (ISP). The ISP offers the necessary infrastructure and services to allow users to connect to the internet.

Hermann Hollerith gained fame for his utilization of punch cards in tabulation. Punch cards were a form of data storage and processing technology that involved punching holes in specific locations on the cards to represent data. This allowed for efficient and accurate tabulation of large amounts of information, revolutionizing data processing and analysis. Hollerith's innovative use of punch cards played a significant role in the development of early computer systems and data processing techniques.

The "reply" feature is used to respond quickly to incoming e-mail. This feature allows the user to send a response directly to the sender of the e-mail without having to compose a new message. It is a convenient and efficient way to engage in a conversation and provide a prompt response to the sender.

The combination of a PDA and a cell phone produced what is often called a "smart" phone. A smart phone refers to a mobile device that not only functions as a phone but also has advanced computing capabilities, such as internet access, email, and the ability to install and run various applications. The integration of a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) with a cell phone resulted in the development of smart phones, which have become increasingly popular and essential in today's digital age.

The answer is "scroll" because scroll bars are used to move horizontally or vertically within a worksheet. These bars allow users to navigate through the content of a worksheet that is larger than the visible area on the screen. By dragging the scroll bar, users can scroll up, down, left, or right to view different parts of the worksheet without changing the active cell.

The Bcc: line in the e-mail heading stands for "blind courtesy copy." This means that when someone sends an email and adds recipients to the Bcc field, those recipients will receive a copy of the email without the knowledge of the other recipients. It allows the sender to keep the identity of the Bcc recipients confidential.

A worksheet is a digital document where cells are organized in columns and rows. It is commonly used in spreadsheet software like Microsoft Excel or Google Sheets. Worksheets allow users to input and manipulate data, perform calculations, and create visual representations of data through charts and graphs. The term "worksheet" is often used interchangeably with "spreadsheet" to refer to the entire document or file containing multiple worksheets.

The active cell of a worksheet is the cell with the thick border around it; this is the cell in which information is entered. When working with a worksheet, only one cell can be active at a time, and any data or formulas entered will be inputted into the active cell. The active cell can be changed by clicking on a different cell or by using keyboard shortcuts.

The correct answer is "Transfer". Transfer Protocol is an efficient system for sending files from computers to host/servers and back again. The term "transfer" refers to the act of moving or transmitting files between different devices or systems. The use of the word "transfer" twice in the answer options may indicate that the question is testing the understanding of the correct term rather than the capitalization.

All of the above types of documents can be attached electronically to an email. This means that reports, spreadsheets, and tables can all be attached as attachments to an email message. Attaching these documents electronically allows for easy sharing and collaboration with others, as they can access and view the attached files directly from the email.

Left aligned text has a straight left edge and a jagged right edge because it is aligned along the left margin, creating a clean and organized appearance on the left side while allowing the text to flow unevenly on the right side. This alignment is commonly used in many types of documents, such as essays, articles, and books, to provide a consistent and easy-to-read format.

The Print Preview command allows users to view how the document will look when it is printed. This feature is useful for checking the layout, formatting, and overall appearance of the document before it is sent to the printer. By using Print Preview, users can make any necessary adjustments or corrections to ensure that the final printed version of the document meets their requirements.

The correct answer is "copy" because when a memo is marked with a "copy" notation, it signifies that a duplicate of the memo is being sent to an individual other than the intended recipient. This helps to ensure that multiple individuals are aware of the information contained in the memo.

Between 1983 and 1986, Apple created a line of desktop computers with a graphical user interface. This means that the computers had an interface that used graphics and visual elements, such as icons and windows, to interact with the user. This was a significant development in computer technology at the time, as it made computers more user-friendly and accessible to a wider audience. The graphical user interface revolutionized the way people interacted with computers and set the foundation for modern computer interfaces that we still use today.

The correct answer is "press the Delete key" because the question asks for the method to delete selected text. Pressing the Delete key is a common and straightforward way to delete selected text in most applications and text editors.

When you click a hypertext link in a document, it will automatically take you to another selection of text. Hypertext is a type of text that contains links to other documents or sections within the same document. Clicking on a hypertext link allows the user to navigate through different parts of the document or to external sources of information.

The correct answer is telegraph. The telegraph was the first electronic communications network that allowed people to send messages over long distances using electrical signals. It revolutionized communication by enabling faster and more efficient transmission of information compared to traditional methods like mail or messengers. The telegraph played a crucial role in the development of modern communication systems and paved the way for future advancements in technology, including the telephone and the internet.

The correct answer is to select the Undo command. The Undo command is commonly used in software applications to reverse the effects of the last action. It allows users to revert back to the previous state before the action was performed. This command is often represented by an icon or a keyboard shortcut, making it easily accessible for users to undo their actions and restore the previous state of the application.

Double spacing refers to the practice of adding extra space between lines of text in a paragraph. This is commonly used in academic writing, as it makes the text easier to read and allows for annotations or corrections to be made between the lines. It does not put two spaces at the top of page 1, only adds space at the end of each paragraph, or put two spaces between each word. The purpose of double spacing is to create a clear and legible format for the text.

The left margin of an unbound report should be set at 1" because it provides a standard and balanced layout for the content. This margin allows for enough white space on the left side of the page, making it visually appealing and easy to read. It also ensures that the content is not too close to the edge of the page, preventing any important information from being cut off when the report is printed or viewed.

Right aligned text has a jagged left edge and a straight right edge. This means that the text is aligned to the right side of the page, resulting in a straight right edge. However, the left edge of the text appears jagged or uneven because the text starts from the right side and extends towards the left side of the page.

Charles Babbage is considered the inventor of the first "computer" because he conceptualized and designed the Analytical Engine, a mechanical device that could perform complex calculations. Although it was never fully built during his lifetime, Babbage's design laid the foundation for modern computers. His ideas included the use of punch cards for input and output, a central processing unit, and a memory system. Babbage's work was groundbreaking and paved the way for the development of computers as we know them today.

The program and filename are displayed in the title bar of word processing software. The title bar is located at the top of the software window and typically shows the name of the program or application being used, as well as the name of the current file or document. It provides important information about the program and file being worked on, allowing users to easily identify and switch between different documents or applications.

Page formats refer to the layout and design settings applied to a document, such as margins, page size, and orientation. These settings are applied to the entire document, affecting its overall appearance and structure. Therefore, any changes made to the page format will impact the entire document, including all paragraphs, lines of text, characters, words, and sentences.

When a margin is changed, it affects the entire document. This means that any adjustments made to the margin settings will be applied to every page in the document, not just the current page or selected text. Changing the margin affects the spacing between the text and the edge of the page, allowing for more or less space for content on each page.

To format a word as bold, the first step is to select the word. This is because selecting the word allows you to apply formatting options specifically to that word. Once the word is selected, you can then click the Bold button or use keyboard shortcuts to apply the bold formatting. Placing the insertion point in the paragraph or in the middle of the word does not initiate the bold formatting process.

Piper should use the "Forward" feature to send the interesting e-mail from Tim to Ingrid. This feature allows Piper to send the entire e-mail, including the original sender's information, to another recipient without having to manually copy and paste the content into a new e-mail.

The title bar is the topmost part of the application window that displays the name of the current workbook or worksheet. It is a common feature in many software applications, including spreadsheet programs like Excel. Therefore, the correct answer is the title bar.

Center aligned text is positioned equally distant from the left and right sides of the page. This means that the text is aligned in the middle of the page, creating a balanced appearance. Unlike left or right alignment, which have straight edges on one side and jagged edges on the other, center alignment maintains a consistent distance from both sides, resulting in straight edges on both sides of the paragraph.

Moore's Law states that the number of components in an integrated circuit will double every few years. This means that the computing power of these circuits will also increase over time. It does not state anything about the costs or prices of computers, nor does it make any predictions about the number of people using computers. Therefore, the correct answer is that the number of components in an integrated circuit will double every few years.

The correct answer is Cc: because it stands for "carbon copy" and is used to indicate that the email is being sent to additional recipients. Including their email addresses in the Cc: field allows all recipients to see who else received the email.

Lucy should enter the function =SUM(A1:A10) in the formula bar to add the numbers in Cells A1 through A10. The SUM function in Excel allows you to add up a range of cells by specifying the starting and ending cell references separated by a colon. In this case, A1:A10 represents the range of cells from A1 to A10, and the SUM function will calculate the sum of these cells.

The ARPANET was created to maintain communications in case a disaster destroyed the communications infrastructure. This was a key objective of the project, as it aimed to develop a decentralized network that could withstand potential disruptions caused by natural disasters or military attacks. By creating a network that could reroute information and maintain communication even in the face of infrastructure damage, the ARPANET sought to ensure the continuity of communication in critical situations.

Character size is measured in units called points. Points are a typographic measurement used to determine the size of characters in printed materials. One point is equal to 1/72 of an inch, and it is commonly used in typography to specify the size of fonts and characters. Therefore, points is the correct answer for measuring character size.

Netscape was the first web browser created. It was developed by Marc Andreessen and released in 1994. Netscape played a significant role in popularizing the World Wide Web and was the dominant browser in the early days of the internet. It introduced many features that are now standard in web browsers, such as the ability to display images and support for HTML. Netscape's success led to competition from other browsers like Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Opera, but it remains an important milestone in the history of web browsing.

The term "justified alignment" refers to a text formatting option where both the left and right edges of a paragraph are straight. This means that the text is evenly distributed across the entire width of the page, creating a clean and professional appearance. Unlike other alignment options, such as left-aligned or right-aligned, justified alignment ensures that there are no jagged edges on either side of the paragraph. Instead, the text is neatly aligned from left to right, enhancing readability and giving a more polished look to the document.

Herman Hollerith founded a company that eventually became IBM. IBM, International Business Machines Corporation, is a multinational technology company that specializes in computer hardware, software, and IT consulting services.

Superscript is a format that reduces the size of the text and raises it to the top of the current line. This is commonly used for mathematical exponents, footnotes, and references. It allows for a smaller font size while still maintaining visibility, and the raised position helps to differentiate it from the regular text.

Spreadsheet data that is to be used in calculations must be entered as a value. This is because calculations in a spreadsheet are performed on numerical data. Values are used to represent numbers and allow mathematical operations to be performed accurately. Labels, headings, and ranges are used for organizing and categorizing data, but they do not hold numerical values that can be used in calculations. Therefore, entering data as a value ensures that it can be used in mathematical calculations within the spreadsheet.

The question asks for the term that refers to the emphasis given to a character. The term "font" refers to the specific design of characters, "shape" refers to the physical form of the character, and "size" refers to the dimensions of the character. However, "style" encompasses all these aspects and is the term commonly used to describe the emphasis given to a character through variations in font, shape, and size. Therefore, the correct answer is "style".

To make the first cell in a row active, you need to press the HOME key. This key is commonly used in spreadsheet software to navigate to the beginning of a row or column. Pressing ALT + HOME would navigate to the beginning of the worksheet, CTRL + HOME would navigate to the beginning of the document, and CTRL + ALT is not a recognized shortcut for this action.

When the first line of a paragraph prints as the last line on a page, it is called an orphan. This typically happens when the rest of the paragraph continues on the next page, leaving the first line by itself. It is called an orphan because it is left "alone" on the page, separated from the rest of the paragraph.

The era of the transistor came first. The transistor was invented in 1947 and marked a significant advancement in computer technology. It replaced vacuum tubes, making computers smaller, more reliable, and more efficient. The era of the transistor laid the foundation for further advancements in computer hardware and paved the way for the development of integrated circuits, personal computers, and ultimately, the era of mobile computing.

A group of related worksheets form a file called a workbook. A workbook is a collection of multiple worksheets that are all stored together in a single file. This allows for easy organization and management of data across multiple sheets. Each worksheet within the workbook can contain different sets of data or be used for different purposes, but they are all connected and can be accessed within the same file. Therefore, the correct answer is workbook.

The Arithmetickal Engine, created by Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, was a mechanical calculator that had the capability to perform addition, division, and multiplication. This device was a significant advancement in the field of mathematics and computation during its time. It allowed for more efficient and accurate calculations, making it a valuable tool for various applications. The Arithmetickal Engine was one of the early examples of mechanical calculators and played a crucial role in the development of modern computing.

The correct order for the memo elements is reference initials, followed by attachment notation, followed by copy notation. This order is commonly used in memos to indicate that the reference initials should be placed first, followed by any attachments that are included with the memo, and then the copy notation indicating who else should receive a copy of the memo.

The MLA documentation method is similar to the textual citation method. In MLA style, when citing sources within the text of a paper, the author's last name and the page number from which the information is taken are included in parentheses. This is known as an in-text citation or textual citation. It is used to give credit to the original source and to allow readers to locate the complete reference in the Works Cited page. The other options, endnotes method and footnotes method, involve placing the citation at the end or bottom of the page, respectively, rather than within the text itself.

The given options are all formatting levels commonly used in word processing software. However, "line" is not typically considered a formatting level. Formatting levels usually refer to the hierarchy of organization within a document, such as page, paragraph, and character. "Line" is more of a visual element rather than a formatting level.

The properly written textual citation is (Wilson, 2005, 139) because it follows the standard format of including the author's last name, the year of publication, and the page number.

The Delete command is used to delete both the contents and formatting of a cell. It completely removes the data and any formatting applied to the cell, leaving it empty. This command is commonly used when you want to remove all the data and formatting from a cell without affecting the surrounding cells or the structure of the worksheet.