Final Exam Study Guide For English I

Internal conflict refers to the struggle or tension that occurs within an individual. It involves making difficult decisions, overcoming pain or emotional turmoil, controlling one's temper, or resisting certain urges. This conflict takes place within a person's mind or emotions and is not influenced by external factors. It is a battle between different desires, beliefs, or values, which can create a sense of inner turmoil and uncertainty.

The correct answer is "Narrator." The narrator is the person who tells the story. They are the voice through which the story is relayed to the audience or reader. The narrator may be a character within the story or an external observer, but they are the one who provides the perspective and guides the audience through the events of the narrative.

The word "mood" best captures the explanation for the emotions that one feels while reading. Literature has the power to evoke different emotions in readers, such as sadness, joy, or anger. The term "mood" encompasses the overall emotional atmosphere or tone that is created by a piece of literature. It refers to the feelings that the reader experiences while engaging with the text, and how the author's choice of words, imagery, and storytelling techniques influence those emotions.

The correct answer is Man vs. Society. In this type of conflict, the protagonist faces a struggle against the ideas, practices, or customs of the society they live in. They may challenge societal norms, fight against injustice, or rebel against oppressive systems. This conflict often highlights the individual's desire for freedom, equality, or change, and the obstacles they face from the society at large.

Metaphors are comparisons that show how two things that are not alike in most ways are similar in one important way. They are a way to describe something and authors use them to make their writing more interesting or entertaining. Unlike similes that use the words "as" or "like" to make a comparison, metaphors directly state that one thing is another thing. In the context of the given options, "Metaphor" is the correct answer as it aligns with the description provided.

A simile is a figure of speech that involves making a comparison between two unlike things using the words "like" or "as". It is a way of expressing similarities between two things in a more vivid and imaginative manner. In contrast, a metaphor is a figure of speech that directly equates two unrelated things without using "like" or "as". Therefore, the correct answer for this question is simile, as it accurately describes the act of making a comparison using "like" or "as".

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External conflict refers to a struggle or clash between a character and an external force, such as another character, society, nature, or a situation. In this context, the given description of "a struggle with a force outside one's self" aligns with the definition of external conflict. It implies that the conflict is originating from an external source rather than being internal or originating within the character themselves.

A myth is a story that has been passed down through history, often through oral tradition. It is a narrative that explains or gives value to the unknown. Myths are typically associated with ancient cultures and often involve gods, goddesses, heroes, and supernatural beings. They serve to explain natural phenomena, customs, beliefs, and traditions. Unlike comedy or drama, which are genres of literature or performance, myths have a deeper cultural and symbolic significance. They provide a sense of identity and offer moral and spiritual guidance to the society that embraces them.

The given answer "Plot line" is the correct explanation for the term "is a literary term referring to the sequence of events in a story. It is the structure of the story." The plot line refers to the sequence of events that occur in a story, including the exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. It is the structure or framework that holds the story together and guides the reader through the narrative.

The setting refers to the place or location where the action of a story takes place. It is important because it provides the historical and cultural context for the characters, allowing the reader to understand their motivations and actions better. Additionally, the setting can also symbolize the emotional state of the characters, enhancing the overall mood and atmosphere of the story. The setting plays a crucial role in immersing the reader into the narrative and making the story more believable and relatable.

Conflict is the correct answer because the initial statement mentions that this word causes discomfort, anger, frustration, sadness, and pain. Conflict is often associated with negative emotions and can lead to various negative outcomes, such as discomfort and frustration. Therefore, conflict fits well with the description provided in the question.

The correct answer is Round Character. A round character is a major character in a work of fiction who encounters conflict and is changed by it. They are more fully developed and described than flat or static characters. The writer uses various tools such as descriptions, dialogue, and the character's responses to conflict and thoughts to develop a round character. This type of character feels as real as people in real life, which is a good indication of their depth and complexity.

The correct answer is "Mythology" because the passage is discussing the concept of mythology, which refers to the entire body of myths in a given tradition and the study of myths. The passage also mentions that students of anthropology, folklore, and religion study myths in different ways.

The word "antonym" is the correct answer because it refers to a word that has the opposite meaning of another word. In the given example, "fat" and "thin" are antonyms as they have opposite meanings.

The term "irony of situation" refers to a situation where there is a contrast between what is expected to happen and what actually happens. This can create a sense of humor or surprise for the audience. It is different from dramatic irony, which occurs when the audience knows something that the characters do not, and verbal irony, which involves saying something that is the opposite of what is meant. In this case, the discrepancy between the expected result and actual results suggests that the situation itself is ironic.

The given correct answer is "Allusion". An allusion is an indirect reference to something or someone without explicitly mentioning their name. In the context of the sentence provided, the candidate criticized the national leaders without directly naming them, making an indirect reference or allusion to their actions or policies.

Fiction is the correct answer because it is a branch of literature that involves storytelling and creating narratives that may include events that are not true or do not exist in reality. It often deals with imaginative and made-up elements, allowing authors to explore different scenarios and possibilities that may not be true at the time of writing. The other options, epic simile and Homeric simile, are not correct as they refer to specific literary devices used in poetry and do not encompass the broader concept of literature dealing with contra factual events.

The correct answer is "Irregular verbs." Regular verbs follow a consistent pattern when forming their past and perfect forms by adding "~ed" to the base form (e.g., walk/walked/walked). However, irregular verbs do not follow this pattern and change in different ways (e.g., speak/spoke/spoken, sing/sang/sung).

An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames or identifies another noun right beside it. In this example, "a cockroach" is the appositive that renames "the insect." It provides additional information about the noun and helps to clarify or specify it. Appositives can be short or long combinations of words and are typically set off by commas. In this case, the appositive is "a cockroach."

The given correct answer for this question is "Characters" because the question is asking for the term that best fits the description of "Individual - round, many sided and complex personalities. Developing - dynamic, many sided personalities that change, for better or worse, by the end of the story. Static - Stereotype, have one or two characteristics that never change and are emphasized." The term "Characters" encompasses all these descriptions as it refers to the individuals in a story who can be round, dynamic, or static.

The given correct answer for this question is "Man vs. Himself/Herself." This is because the question describes a leading character who is struggling with their own inner conflicts, such as their soul, ideas of right or wrong, physical limitations, and choices. This type of conflict, where a character battles with their own thoughts, emotions, and personal dilemmas, is known as Man vs. Himself/Herself.

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The correct answer is antagonist. In a story, the antagonist is the person or group of people who oppose the main character or protagonist. They often create conflict and obstacles for the protagonist to overcome, driving the plot forward. Unlike the protagonist, who is typically the hero or main focus of the story, the antagonist is usually portrayed as the villain or the force working against the protagonist's goals.

Verbal irony is the correct answer because it refers to a situation where the author or speaker says something but intends to convey a different meaning. It involves the use of words to express the opposite of what is actually meant, often for humorous or sarcastic effect. This type of irony relies on the audience's understanding of the intended meaning behind the words spoken.

Point of view refers to the perspective from which a story is narrated. It can provide insight into the author's intentions by influencing how events are portrayed and how characters are presented. The choice of point of view can shape the reader's understanding of the story and the author's message. By adopting a particular point of view, the author can subtly convey their intentions and guide the reader's interpretation of the text. Therefore, point of view can sometimes indirectly establish the author's intentions.

The given correct answer is "Omniscient and Limited Omniscient Points of View". This is because in a story with an omniscient narrator, the narrator has complete knowledge and understanding of all the characters and their thoughts, feelings, and actions. They can provide insights into multiple characters' perspectives. On the other hand, a limited omniscient narrator has knowledge and understanding of only one character's thoughts, feelings, and actions. They provide insights into the perspective of a specific character, while still maintaining some distance from the other characters. Both of these points of view allow the narrator to have a comprehensive understanding of the story and its characters.

This answer is correct because the passage clearly states that writers use symbolism in their writing to allude to a feeling, mood, or attitude without directly stating it. The passage also mentions that symbolism is supplemental to the story, further supporting the idea that writers use symbolism in their work.

Flat characters are minor characters who do not undergo significant development or change throughout a story. They often serve a specific purpose or function in the narrative, but their personalities and traits remain consistent and predictable. This term is commonly used in literature, particularly in reference to short story writers and novelists, to describe characters who lack depth and complexity.

The correct answer is "Static Character". Static characters are minor characters in a work of fiction who do not undergo substantial change or growth in the course of a story. They play a supporting role to the main character, who should be round or complex. In the example of Mr. Collins in Pride and Prejudice, he serves a vital role in the story and provides comedy, but his character remains essentially unchanged throughout the narrative.

A stereotype character is a character that embodies generalized traits, representing a group rather than an individual. This means that the character is not portrayed as unique or complex, but rather as a simplified and often exaggerated representation of a particular group. This term is commonly used in literature and media to describe characters that conform to widely held beliefs or prejudices about certain groups of people.

The correct answer is First Person Point of View. In a first person point of view, the narrator is a character in the story and tells the events from their own perspective. This means that the narrator is directly involved in the action of the story and may have biases or limited knowledge. Therefore, it is important to question the trustworthiness of the narrator's account and consider that their version of events may not be the objective truth.

The falling action refers to the events and actions that occur after the climax or crisis in a story. It is the part of the plot where the tension and conflict start to decrease and the story moves towards its resolution. During this phase, loose ends are tied up, and the story starts to wind down. The falling action provides closure and allows the reader to understand the consequences of the climax, leading to the resolution of the story.

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A dynamic character is a major character in a work of fiction who encounters conflict and is changed by it. Unlike flat or static characters, dynamic characters are more fully developed and described. They feel real to the reader, similar to people they know in real life. Various elements in fiction, such as character descriptions, dialogue, responses to conflicts, and thoughts, reveal the development of a dynamic character.

Conflict is the correct answer because it is the opposition of forces that drives the plot forward and ties one incident to another. It is not limited to just open arguments, but can be any form of opposition faced by the main character. In a short story, there may be one central struggle or multiple minor ones, but conflict is essential for the development of the plot.

The correct answer is climax. The climax is the most exciting part of a story where the main character's struggles reach a peak. It is the turning point of the story where the tension and conflict are at their highest. This is the moment where the outcome of the story is determined and the resolution begins to unfold.

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The given correct answer for this question is "ACTION VERBS". The explanation is that the examples provided in the given text are all action verbs, which are words that describe an action or a state of being. Action verbs are different from auxiliary verbs, which are used to help form verb tenses or to convey additional meaning. In the given text, the examples such as "run", "talk", "play", "go", "cook", and "speak" are all action verbs because they describe actions that someone or something is doing. Therefore, the correct answer is "ACTION VERBS".

The correct answer is "bard" or "minstrel" because the description provided in the question matches the characteristics of a bard or minstrel. They were professional poets who were paid by monarchs to praise their activities. They performed songs that told stories about distant places or historical events. They often created their own tales or embellished the works of others. They were frequently retained by royalty and high society. As the courts became more sophisticated, they were eventually replaced by troubadours and many became wandering minstrels. Despite a decline in popularity, they remained well-liked until the middle of the Renaissance.

A short story is a work of fiction that is usually written in prose, often in narrative format. This means that it is a made-up story, not based on real events, and is typically written in paragraphs and sentences rather than in verse or poetry. It also implies that the story follows a narrative structure, with a beginning, middle, and end, and may include characters, plot, and setting.

The given correct answer is "Adjective" because the explanation states that adjectives can come before nouns (a new car) and can be modified by adverbs (a very expensive car). It also mentions that adjectives can be used as complements to a noun (the extras make the car expensive). Therefore, the correct answer is "Adjective" as it aligns with the information provided in the explanation.

Short stories often have a limited number of characters, and one character is usually the central focus of the story. This character is the protagonist, and all major events in the story are significant to their journey or development. Additionally, there is often an opposing character, known as the antagonist, who creates conflict and serves as a foil to the protagonist. Therefore, the correct answer is "Persons in a work of fiction - Antagonist and Protagonist."

The correct answer is "Protagonist." In a story, the protagonist is the main character who drives the plot and is often faced with challenges or conflicts. They are usually the character that the reader or audience follows and empathizes with the most. The protagonist's actions and decisions shape the story and its outcome. They are typically the character who undergoes the most significant character development throughout the narrative.

In this type of conflict, the protagonist is depicted as fighting against the forces of fate or the challenges presented by their circumstances. The struggles they face are often beyond their control, and they must navigate through difficult situations or events that are out of their hands. This conflict highlights the individual's resilience and determination to overcome the obstacles that life throws at them. It focuses on the external factors that shape their journey and the choices they make in response to their circumstances.

Dramatic irony refers to a situation where the audience is aware of something that a character in the literature is not. This creates a sense of tension and suspense as the audience knows more than the character, leading to a deeper understanding of the story. Verbal irony, on the other hand, involves a contrast between what is said and what is actually meant, while irony of situation refers to a situation where the outcome is different from what is expected. Therefore, the correct answer in this case is dramatic irony.

The rising action is the part of the story where the main character faces various challenges and complications. This is the phase where the plot develops and builds up towards the climax. It is during the rising action that the protagonist's struggles and conflicts are introduced, setting the stage for the climax and subsequent resolution.

The exposition is the part of the story that provides the reader with background information about the story, including the setting and the main characters. It sets the tone and gives the reader an idea of what type of story to expect. It helps the reader understand the context and prepares them for the events that will unfold.

The given answer is correct because the term "resolution" refers to the denouement or the conclusion of the story. It is the point where all the conflicts and loose ends are resolved, and the story reaches its final outcome. In this context, the resolution is the element that comes after the climax and brings the story to a close. Therefore, it is the most appropriate term to describe the conclusion of the story.

The given passage provides a detailed description of the conventions and characteristics of an epic. It explains that an epic is a long narrative poem that focuses on a serious or worthy traditional subject. It employs elevated diction, a formal tone, and various figures of speech. The narrative revolves around the exploits of a hero or demigod who represents the cultural values of a group. The hero's success or failure determines the fate of the people or nation. The action takes place in a vast setting, often in the remote past, and includes superhuman feats and the involvement of gods or supernatural beings. The poem begins with an invocation to a muse and starts in medias res. The passage also mentions that the term "epic" can be applied more loosely to works from different cultures and time periods. Therefore, the correct answer is "Epic."