Final Exam - Massage

Massage influences circulation because it stimulates blood flow and lymphatic drainage. The pressure and movement applied during a massage help to dilate blood vessels, allowing for increased blood flow to the muscles and tissues. This improved circulation delivers oxygen and nutrients to the cells while also removing waste products and toxins. Additionally, massage can help to reduce swelling and inflammation by promoting the movement of lymph fluid. Overall, massage therapy has been shown to have a positive impact on circulation, promoting healing and relaxation in the body.

When someone is focused during a massage, it means they are fully attentive and present in the moment. They are not distracted by external thoughts or stimuli. This state of focus allows the person to be centered, both mentally and physically, enhancing the overall experience and benefits of the massage. Therefore, the statement "When you are focused during a massage, it means you are centered" is true.

The patellar reflex, also known as the knee-jerk reflex, is a monosynaptic reflex that involves the contraction of the quadriceps muscle and the extension of the lower leg. This reflex is elicited by tapping the patellar tendon, which stretches the muscle spindle fibers in the quadriceps muscle. The sensory information is then transmitted to the spinal cord, where it is integrated and immediately sent back to the muscle, causing it to contract and extend the leg. Therefore, the statement "The patellar reflex is a reflex that contracts quad and extends lower legs" is true.

The given options describe different forms of friction, including spiral, circular, centripetal, centrifugal, and rotary. Each of these forms represents a specific type of motion or force that can cause friction. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" as it includes all the mentioned forms of friction.

Derivative friction is a technique used in massage therapy to address pelvic pain. It involves applying pressure and friction to the skin and underlying tissues of the lower back. This technique helps to increase blood flow, release tension, and reduce pain in the muscles and connective tissues of the lower back. By targeting the source of the pain, derivative friction can provide relief and improve mobility in individuals experiencing pelvic pain.

Passive movement refers to a technique in which the therapist moves a joint or body part of the client without any effort or active participation from the client. In this scenario, the client is relaxed while the therapist moves the area, indicating that the movement is being done passively. This allows the therapist to assess the range of motion, improve joint mobility, and promote relaxation in the client.

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Palmar and digital stroking refers to the act of gently stroking the palm or fingers. This action has a calming and soothing effect on the individual, promoting relaxation and reducing stress. Therefore, it can be inferred that palmar and digital stroking sedates the person, helping them to feel more calm and tranquil.

Digestion in the abdomen is a reflexive effect because the process of digestion in the abdomen is primarily controlled by the enteric nervous system, which is a part of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system is responsible for regulating the movement of food through the digestive tract, the secretion of digestive enzymes, and the absorption of nutrients. These processes occur automatically and do not require conscious control, making digestion in the abdomen a reflexive effect.

Massage has various mechanical effects on the body. Firstly, it helps in moving blood and lymph, improving circulation and aiding in the removal of waste products from tissues. Secondly, massage can help in realigning displaced organs, promoting their proper functioning. Thirdly, it can warm the fascia, a connective tissue, which improves flexibility and reduces pain. Additionally, massage can stretch muscles and facilitate passive joint movements, increasing range of motion. Lastly, it can assist in moving mucus out of the chest, helping with respiratory issues. Therefore, all of the given options are correct as they represent different mechanical effects of massage.

Vascular activity refers to the changes in blood flow and blood vessel diameter. Reflexive effects are involuntary responses to stimuli. In the case of vascular activity, it can be triggered by reflexes such as the dilation or constriction of blood vessels in response to changes in temperature or blood pressure. Therefore, vascular activity can indeed be considered a reflexive effect.

The given answer is "No" because the question asks if the person works on acute sprains. Since the answer is "No," it implies that the person does not work on acute sprains.

Passive movement refers to the movement of a joint that is being manipulated by an external force rather than by the individual's own muscles. In this type of movement, the effect is indeed confined to the joint itself. It involves not only the articular surfaces of the joint but also the ligaments and the blood and lymph vessels surrounding it. Additionally, passive movement produces a distinct feeling of resistance by the ligaments. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above".

Passive joint movement refers to the movement of a joint that is produced by an external force, without any active muscle contraction. This movement is purely mechanical in nature, as it is driven by the physical properties of the joint and surrounding tissues. It does not involve any reflexive or metabolic processes.

The correct answer is "Both A and B". This means that mechanical means can directly act upon tissues, and tissues are wholly passive and manipulated by the hand of the manipulator. Additionally, messages are relayed to nerve centers via sensory nerve endings.

Chronic synovitis refers to the long-term inflammation of the synovial membrane, which lines the joints. Therapeutic applications for joint movements can be beneficial in managing chronic synovitis. Regular joint movements and exercises can help improve joint mobility, reduce stiffness, and strengthen the muscles around the affected joint. This can help alleviate pain, improve joint function, and prevent further complications associated with chronic synovitis. Therefore, the statement that there is a therapeutic application for joint movements in chronic synovitis is true.

Vibration is not recommended for any of the given conditions (fever, hypersensitivity, and morbid growths). Vibrations may potentially worsen the symptoms or cause discomfort in individuals with fever or hypersensitivity. In the case of morbid growths, vibration can be harmful as it may lead to further complications or damage. Therefore, it is not advisable to use vibration on any of the mentioned conditions.

Pressure touch is the correct answer because applying pressure on the affected area can help to alleviate pain. By exerting pressure, the blood vessels constrict, reducing the flow of fluid and thus reducing inflammation and swelling. Additionally, pressure touch can temporarily numb the nerves in the area, providing relief from pain.

The correct answer is "all of the above" because the statement "stroking is centrifugal only" suggests that the motion is outward from the center, "touch with motion" implies that there is movement involved in the touch, "proximal to distal" indicates that the touch moves from a central point to a more distant point, and "with the arteries" suggests that the touch follows the path of the arteries. Therefore, all of these statements are true and encompass the concept of stroking.

The phrase "not even the weight of the hand" suggests that the action being described is very gentle and light. Out of the given options, "stroking" is the action that best fits this description. Stroking involves gently moving the hand over a surface, typically in a smooth and soothing manner.

Friction fulling is a process used in textile manufacturing to create a smooth and compacted fabric surface. It involves rubbing the fabric against a rough surface, causing the fibers to interlock and create a denser fabric structure. This process can be used on various materials, including skin and swelling. Therefore, the statement "friction fulling works on skin and swelling" is true.

Vasodilation and vasoconstriction are examples of both reflexive effect and vascular activity. Reflexive effect refers to the response of blood vessels to external stimuli, such as changes in temperature or pressure. Vascular activity, on the other hand, refers to the physiological processes that occur within blood vessels, including vasodilation (widening of blood vessels) and vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels). Therefore, both options B and C are correct as they encompass the different aspects of the effects and activities related to vasodilation and vasoconstriction.

Placing bolsters under the ankles in the supine position would not help the knees, as stated in the answer. Instead, it would hyperextend the knees, meaning it would cause the knees to straighten excessively, potentially causing discomfort or strain. Therefore, the correct answer is "No - Hyperextends knees."

The correct answer is "both a and b." This means that in the state of Ohio, we work both within and beyond the normal physiological range of motion. This suggests that the work being done in Ohio involves activities that may require movement within the normal range of motion as well as activities that may require movement beyond the normal range of motion.

The correct answer is that tissues are wholly passive and manipulated by the hand of the manipulator. This means that mechanical manipulation of tissues does not cause any biochemical changes.

Kneading and strong percussion cause heat production in the body. This is because the friction and pressure applied during these actions generate heat, which can help to increase blood flow and relax muscles. The heat produced can also provide relief from pain by soothing sore or tense areas.

The correct answer is a mechanical effect because kneading pumping of blood refers to the physical action of massaging or manipulating the body to stimulate blood circulation. This action involves applying pressure and movement to the muscles and tissues, which in turn helps to push the blood through the blood vessels and improve overall circulation. Therefore, it can be categorized as a mechanical effect since it involves a physical force or action.

The trapezius muscle is the most superficial muscle in the given options. It is a large, triangular muscle located in the upper back and neck region. It covers a wide area and is easily visible, making it the most superficial muscle. The bicep brachii is located in the upper arm, the gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the buttocks, and the head is not a muscle but a body part.

Passive touch has the ability to calm down nerves and also has a reflexive effect. This means that it can help to relax and soothe the body, reducing stress and anxiety. Additionally, passive touch can also increase energy levels by stimulating the nervous system and promoting circulation. Therefore, the correct answer is both a and c, as passive touch can have both calming and energizing effects on the body.

The given answer, "hypoflaxia," suggests that the epigastric reflex stroking influences a decrease in muscle tone or activity in the gastrointestinal tract. This can lead to symptoms like constipation, as the reduced muscle contractions can slow down the movement of stool through the intestines. However, without further context or information, it is difficult to provide a more detailed explanation.

Kneading is a massage technique that involves applying pressure and manipulating the muscles and soft tissues in a circular motion. It helps to increase blood flow, relax muscles, and relieve tension. Alternant and intermediate compression refer to the pressure applied during kneading, which helps to break up knots and adhesions in the muscles. Friction and effleurage are other massage techniques that involve different types of movements and pressure. Chucking, on the other hand, is not a massage technique and is unrelated to the given options.

The correct answer is "a and c". Tapping and Hacking is a type of motor point percussion that is used on cold surfaces. It stimulates the nerve to contract the muscles.

Chucking is the correct answer because it involves using one or two hands to lock and load, which suggests a firm grip or hold. Additionally, chucking is a term often used in reference to gripping or securing objects tightly, which aligns with the idea of muscular rigidity.

Rolling and wringing are techniques used in the process of centrifugal force. Centrifugal force is the outward force experienced by an object moving in a curved path. This force causes objects to move away from the center of rotation. Rolling and wringing are used to separate liquids from solids or to remove excess moisture from materials by utilizing the centrifugal force.

Rolling is the fastest option among the given choices. When an object rolls, it moves smoothly and quickly by rotating on an axis, while maintaining contact with the surface it is rolling on. This allows for efficient and rapid movement compared to wringing or spiraling, which involve more complex motions and may not have the same level of contact with the surface. Therefore, rolling is the most efficient and fastest option.

Centripetal friction is used for decreasing swelling and increasing absorption. When an object moves in a circular path, centripetal friction acts towards the center of the circle, helping to control the motion and prevent the object from moving away. In the context of decreasing swelling and increasing absorption, centripetal friction can be used to apply pressure or massage in a circular motion, promoting blood flow and reducing swelling. This type of friction is commonly used in medical treatments such as massage therapy or lymphatic drainage techniques.

Deep kneading is the correct answer because it involves applying firm pressure and circular movements to target the deep tissues and muscles. This technique helps to increase blood flow, reduce muscle tension, and alleviate pain in conditions such as sciatica, paralysis, and stiff painful joints. Deep kneading provides a therapeutic effect by promoting relaxation and improving mobility in affected areas.

Cupping and hacking are techniques used for pneumonia. These methods involve creating suction on the skin using cups or applying rhythmic slapping or tapping motions to the chest and back. Cupping helps to improve blood circulation and loosen mucus in the lungs, while hacking helps to break up congestion and promote the expulsion of phlegm. These techniques can provide relief and aid in the treatment of pneumonia by facilitating the clearing of the respiratory system.

After engaging in violent exercise, it is recommended to use a centrifugal rubdown. A centrifugal rubdown involves massaging the body in outward circular motions, starting from the center and moving towards the periphery. This type of rubdown helps to increase blood circulation and promote the removal of metabolic waste products from the muscles. It also aids in relaxation and recovery after intense physical activity.

Kneading, percussion, vibration, and friction are all types of massage techniques that can stimulate blood flow and increase the diameter of blood vessels, leading to vasodilation. This increased blood flow can also promote glandular activity and muscular contraction. Therefore, the correct answer is vasodilation.

The term "friction used on extremities" suggests that the question is referring to a type of friction that occurs on circular paths. When an object moves in a circular path, it experiences a force called centripetal force that acts towards the center of the circle. This force is responsible for keeping the object on its circular path. Friction is one of the forces that can provide the necessary centripetal force. Therefore, the correct answer is "circular" because friction is used on extremities to maintain circular motion.

The correct answer is "sedate" and "use on sciatica and neuralgia". Nerve deep nerve compression can be used to sedate the nerves, providing relief from pain and reducing inflammation. It can also be used specifically for conditions like sciatica and neuralgia, which involve nerve irritation and pain.

The correct answer is "b and c". This means that knuckle stroking is used for both the head and the back. It is not limited to just the head.

Centrifugal force is a term used to describe the outward force experienced by an object moving in a curved path. In the context of the given question, centrifugal force can decrease circulation by pushing blood away from the center of rotation. Additionally, this force can have a sedative effect on viscera (internal organs) and nerve centers. Therefore, the correct answer is "centrifugal."

The motor point refers to a point on the motor trunk that is located close to the surface. This means that it is not deep within the body, but rather easily accessible and can be easily stimulated or manipulated. The motor point is important because it is the location where the motor nerve enters the muscle, allowing for the transmission of signals from the nervous system to the muscle fibers. By targeting the motor point, therapists and practitioners can effectively stimulate the muscle and promote muscle activation and contraction.

When you use rigid fingers and the palmar surface of the hand to strike or tap on the body, it is referred to as spatting. This technique is commonly used in massage therapy or sports massage to stimulate blood flow and loosen tight muscles. It involves rhythmic and brisk movements, typically performed with the hands in a cupped shape.

Unprolongued Light Percussion is a technique that involves light tapping or slapping on the skin. This type of percussion stimulates the nerve endings and causes vasoconstriction, which refers to the narrowing of blood vessels. Vasoconstriction reduces blood flow to the area, which can be beneficial in certain situations such as reducing swelling or controlling bleeding. Therefore, the correct answer is vasoconstriction.

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Friction, reflexive stroking, spatting, and vibration can stimulate the glands in our body, leading to increased glandular activity. This can result in the secretion of various substances like hormones, enzymes, and other chemicals that play a role in various bodily functions. Glandular activity is an essential part of maintaining homeostasis and regulating different physiological processes in our body.

Unprolonged light percussion typically causes a reflexive response in the body, including spasm, pallor, and vasoconstriction stimulation. However, it does not cause vasodilation, which is the widening of blood vessels, leading to increased blood flow. Instead, unprolonged light percussion has a sedating effect on the body.