Psychology: Emotions, Biological Rhythms, and Stress Management Quiz

The Cannon-Bard theory proposes that physiological responses and the experience of emotion occur simultaneously as a result of an emotion-arousing stimulus. This is distinct from the James-Lange theory which suggests that physiological responses lead to the subjective experience of emotion, the Two-Factor Theory which emphasizes the role of cognitive appraisal in emotional experiences, and the Schachter-Singer Theory which emphasizes both physiological responses and cognitive appraisal in the experience of emotion.

The circadian rhythm refers to the biological clock that regulates bodily rhythms on a 24-hour cycle. The incorrect answers do not accurately describe this specific phenomenon.

Coping refers to the ability to deal effectively with stress, whereas meditation focuses on mindfulness practices, resilience involves bouncing back from challenges, and distraction involves diverting attention away from stressors.

Emotion is the correct response as it encompasses physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience, distinguishing it from thinking, sensation, and memory.

The James-Lange Theory proposes that emotions are the result of our physiological responses to stimuli. This is in contrast to the Cannon-Bard Theory, which suggests that the physiological reaction and emotional response to a stimulus occur simultaneously. The Schachter-Singer Theory posits that emotions are a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal. Lastly, the Facial Feedback Theory suggests that facial expressions can influence emotions.

Stress is the process of perceiving and responding to stressors that are perceived as threatening or challenging. Anxiety is a feeling of worry, unease, or nervousness. Relaxation is the state of being free from tension and anxiety. Excitement is a feeling of great enthusiasm and eagerness.

Aerobic exercise, biofeedback, relaxation, meditation, and spirituality are all examples of stress management techniques that can help reduce the effects of stress.

The correct answer is the Two-dimensional Model as it specifically focuses on how emotions can be categorized based on valence and arousal levels. The other options do not fully capture the concept of emotional experience along these two dimensions.

The Schachter-Singer theory states that to experience emotion, one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal, hence the term two-factor theory. The James-Lange theory suggests that emotions arise from the interpretation of physiological reactions, the Cannon-Bard theory proposes that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously, and the facial feedback hypothesis suggests that facial expressions can influence emotional experiences.

Anorexia Nervosa is characterized by a distortion of body image, intense fear of gaining weight, and restrictive eating behavior leading to extreme weight loss.

Antisocial Personality Disorder is the correct answer as it is specifically defined by exhibiting a lack of conscience for wrong-doing, aggression, and ruthlessness, or being a clever con artist. Narcissistic Personality Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder do not necessarily exhibit the same characteristics as Antisocial Personality Disorder.

Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder that involves episodes of depression and mania. Schizophrenia, anxiety disorder, and borderline personality disorder are different mental health conditions with distinct symptoms.

Anorexia Nervosa involves restriction of food intake, Binge Eating Disorder is characterized by consuming large quantities of food without purging, and Orthorexia Nervosa is an obsession with healthy eating rather than bingeing and purging behaviors.

Conversion Disorder is a somatoform disorder where a person experiences physical symptoms that have no apparent physical cause. Hypochondria is characterized by excessive worrying about having a serious illness. Munchausen Syndrome is a mental disorder where a person fakes illness to gain attention or sympathy. Body Dysmorphic Disorder is a mental health condition where a person is preoccupied with perceived flaws in their physical appearance.

Dissociative Identity Disorder, previously known as multiple personality disorder, is a specific type of dissociative disorder where an individual has two or more distinct identities or personality states.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder is a common mental health condition characterized by persistent, excessive worry and anxiety about everyday things. It can cause significant distress and interfere with daily functioning. Social Anxiety Disorder involves intense fear of social situations and interactions. Panic Disorder is characterized by sudden and repeated episodes of intense fear. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder involves unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, ideas, sensations, or behaviors that make a person feel driven to do something repetitively.

Major Depressive Disorder is specifically defined by the presence of prolonged periods of low mood and other symptoms described in the question. Bipolar Disorder involves alternating periods of depression and mania, not just depression. Generalized Anxiety Disorder is not solely characterized by depressive symptoms. Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder affecting how a person thinks, feels, and behaves, but does not align with the symptoms described in the question.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is specifically defined by the presence of obsessions and/or compulsions, distinguishing it from other anxiety disorders listed.

Panic Disorder is characterized by sudden and repeated episodes of intense fear and physical symptoms such as chest pain, sweating, and heart palpitations. Generalized Anxiety Disorder involves excessive, uncontrollable worry about everyday things. Social Anxiety Disorder involves overwhelming worry and self-consciousness about everyday social situations. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is characterized by unwanted, intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors.

Phobia refers to an anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation. It is different from stress, depression, and obsession, which have distinct symptoms and causes.

Post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, is a specific type of anxiety disorder that occurs after a person experiences a traumatic event. It is characterized by symptoms such as intrusive memories, avoidance of triggers related to the trauma, negative changes in beliefs and feelings, and heightened arousal. The other disorders listed, while also anxiety-related, do not specifically match the symptoms described in the question.

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. It is not the same as bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or post-traumatic stress disorder, which have distinct symptoms and criteria for diagnosis.

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that comes and goes with the seasons, typically starting in the late fall and early winter and going away during the spring and summer months. It is more common in women and in people who live far from the equator.

Cognitive-behavior therapy is the correct answer as it specifically combines cognitive therapy and behavior therapy, unlike the other options which focus on different approaches to therapy.

Electroconvulsive therapy is a form of biomedical therapy specifically used for severely depressed patients, involving the administration of electric current to the brain. Other options mentioned are also forms of neuromodulation techniques used in mental health treatments, but they are not specifically targeted for severe depression as ECT.

Free association is the correct method used in psychoanalysis to explore the unconscious. Guided visualization focuses on imagining calming or positive scenarios. Behavioral conditioning involves shaping behavior through reinforcement. Cognitive restructuring aims to change negative thought patterns.