Visual Diagnostic Review in Neurology

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is characterized by the presence of tufted astrocytes, which have short, thick processes with club-shaped expansions. Fibrous and protoplasmic astrocytes are not typically associated with PSP, and radial glial cells are not a typical feature in this context.

Kuru plaques are a characteristic feature of prion diseases such as Kuru, and they are predominantly found in the cerebellum.

Prions are infectious agents made up of proteins that have the ability to induce abnormal folding of normal cellular prion proteins in the brain, leading to brain damage. This condition is known as spongiform degeneration.

The presence of Bizarre giant astroctye, alzheimers type 1, as seen with PML indicates a specific pathological condition, not normal brain tissue, brain tumor, or Parkinson's disease.

A Negri body is a characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion found in neurons infected with the rabies virus.

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, characterized by the presence of pseudo cysts filled with bradyzoites. Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite, E. coli infection is caused by the bacteria Escherichia coli, and Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi transmitted by ticks.

Aspergillosis is a fungal infection caused by Aspergillus species, while candidiasis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis are caused by different types of fungi.

Alzheimer type 2 cells are a specific cell type associated with Alzheimer's disease, distinct from other types of cells related to different neurological conditions like Alzheimer type 1 cells, Parkinson's disease cells, and Huntington's disease cells.

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