Navigation Ii

Tugs can be tied up to the ship by attaching to the bow & stern or only the bow for pushing or pulling purposes. Attaching to port & starboard sides, only stern attachment for steering, or tying to the deck are not common methods for tying up tugs to a ship.

In nautical terms, a knot is a unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour. Therefore, 15 - 30 knots of wind is the same as 1 knot of current.

Tides are primarily caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and, to a lesser extent, the sun, leading to the movement of water on Earth's surface.

Narrow channel effects such as bank cushion and bank suction refer to the phenomenon where a vessel experiences a particular behavior when navigating narrow waterways. These effects are important to understand to ensure safe passage through tight channels.

The hawsepipe is the opening in the forward freeboard of a ship where the anchor is located, allowing it to pass through when dropped or raised.

Freeboard refers to the distance between the waterline and the deck of a ship. It is important as it determines the safety and stability of the vessel, especially in rough waters.

The stem of a ship is located at the forward most part of the bow, opposite of the stern which is the rear most part. It is important for navigation and ship construction.

The correct answer is 'On the truck' because the highest transverse beam on the mast is typically located on the truck itself, not underwater, in outer space, or at the bottom of the ocean.

The transom is always located at the back of the ship, specifically at the aft most part, and it is where the ship's name is usually displayed.

Bilge keels are intended to provide increased stability to a vessel by reducing rolling motion. The additional surface area helps dampen the effects of waves, making the ship more steady in rough seas.

Waterline and navigational draft markings are essential for indicating the ship's lowest point and navigating safely in relation to water depth. The other options do not serve the same purpose as the markings on the lower hull of a ship.

Ship handling involves the management of both controllable factors, such as propulsion and steering, and uncontrollable factors, such as wind and current, to navigate effectively.

Controllable forces on a ship refer to the elements or systems that can be manipulated or adjusted to navigate the vessel effectively. The correct answer includes components like the propeller, rudder, bow thruster, mooring lines, anchors, and tugs, which are within the control of the crew to steer the ship in the desired direction.

Uncontrollable forces refer to natural elements that cannot be controlled by humans, such as wind, current/tides, seas, and water depth. Sunshine, temperature, and gravity are not typically classified as uncontrollable forces in this context.

The correct answer emphasizes the importance of preparation and studying to leverage uncontrollable forces to one's advantage.

Propellers are the most common method for providing ships with forward thrust as they are powered by engines to create propulsion in water.

The pivot point is an imaginary point on a ship that represents the center of rotation when the ship turns.

Anchors are generally not used to move a ship forward, but kedging is a technique where the anchor is manually hauled by a small boat to pull the ship forward in situations where traditional propulsion methods are not available.

Flags are typically read from the outer edge (outboard) towards the center (inboard), from right (starboard) to left (port), and from top to bottom.

A hyphen (-) is represented by an empty space between flags on the hoist, visually creating a break in the pattern of the flags. This distinguishes it from other types of lines or designs that may be used on flags.

When a flag is flown 'at the dip', it means that it is raised 3/4 of the way up the hoist as a way to signal to the originating ship that the message is understood. This is a nautical signal communication method used at sea.

Semaphores are a secure method of synchronization as they allow for thread-safe access to shared resources by controlling access using counters.

Flashing lights are typically used to communicate using Morse code, where different sequences of short and long flashes represent different letters and numbers.

SOS is a distress signal in morse code that stands for Save Our Souls. It is recognized internationally as a call for help in emergency situations.

Non-directional lights are designed to provide light in all directions without a specific focus or beam. Yardarm blinkers and infrared blinkers are examples of such lights, while spotlights, floodlights, and strobe lights are directional lights with a specific focus or beam.

A search light is a type of light that is specifically designed to illuminate a focused and specific area in a particular direction, hence it is considered a directional light.

The propeller on a ship can only apply forward (or reverse) thrust and side force (Sternwalk) to the ship. It does not generate upward lift, downward drag, or rotational torque.

Standard rudder angle and standard speed refer to the commonly used values in maritime navigation to maintain control and stability of the vessel. These values ensure safe maneuvering and efficient operation.

Propellers can either have fixed pitch, where the angle of the blades is set and cannot be adjusted during operation, or controllable pitch, where the angle of the blades can be changed to optimize performance.

Controllable pitch propellers operate by changing the angle, or pitch, of the propeller blades to adjust the thrust and subsequently control the speed of the aircraft or vessel.