Explain Gi Pathology Terms Quiz

Melena is a result of acid in the stomach converting hemoglobin to hematin, not caused by trauma to the lower intestinal tract, a deficiency in vitamin C, or excess bile production in the liver.

Internal hemorrhoids are mostly painless, but thrombosis can cause pain. Other activities like defecation, vomiting, and coughing do not specifically trigger pain in internal hemorrhoids.

Anaplastic cells in the pancreas most likely originate from the DUCTAL Epithelium, as majority of pancreatic cancers arise from this part. Acinar Cells, Islets of Langerhans, and Connective Tissue are less likely origins for anaplastic cells in this context.

Acute Meckel's diverticulitis can mimic appendicitis due to its location and symptoms. It is a true diverticulum that results from the failure of the viteline duct to obliterate during development.

Increased Serum Lipase is a more specific marker for acute pancreatitis compared to Serum Amylase. Pleural effusion in this context is likely due to the inflammatory response in the pancreas, not an allergic reaction in the lungs. Hyperglycemia in acute pancreatitis is primarily due to the destruction of beta-islet cells in the pancreas, not excessive sugar intake. Hypocalcemia is a consequence of enzymatic fat necrosis, not a direct result of other conditions.

While the appendix is the most common site of origin for carcinoid tumors, in a patient presenting with symptoms of Carcinoid Syndrome, such as a pansystolic murmur at the tricuspid area, the most likely site of origin would be the TERMINAL ILEUM due to the unique characteristics and metastatic patterns of carcinoids in this context.

Pancreatitis is primarily caused by inappropriate activation of pancreatic enzymes due to various reasons such as pancreatic duct/ampullarobstruction, chronic alcohol consumption, acinar cell damage, or infections. It is not directly linked to high cholesterol levels, lack of exercise, or excessive sugar consumption.

The presence of mucinous and squamous components in the histologic exam suggests a mucoepidermoid carcinoma, the most common malignant tumor of the salivary gland. Benign mixed tumor (pleomorphic adenoma), acinic cell carcinoma, and Warthin tumor are benign salivary gland tumors with different histological features.

Pleomorphic adenoma is a benign salivary gland tumor characterized by chondromyxoid stroma and epithelium. It is known to recur after excision, hence the importance of correct identification.

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common tumor of salivary glands overall, while Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor. The other options are incorrect as they do not represent the most common tumors in the given context.

This question highlights the importance of understanding the location of salivary gland tumors, the involvement of the facial nerve, and the potential for malignancy. The correct answer emphasizes the significance of the parotid region, the lack of direct innervation of the parotid gland by the facial nerve, and the likelihood of benign tumors with malignant potential.

Dysphagia of solids and liquids usually points towards a condition like Achalasia where there is difficulty in swallowing both solids and liquids. On the other hand, Dysphagia to solids typically indicates a physical obstruction like Esophageal Cancer which can initially cause trouble with solid foods before progressing to liquids as well.

Plummer Vinson syndrome is characterized by esophageal webs, glossitis, and koilonychia. These patients are at increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma due to chronic irritation and inflammation of the esophagus.

In Scleroderma, the decreased LES tone leads to acid reflux causing intestinal metaplasia (Barrett esophagus) due to atrophy of smooth muscle layer in the esophagus.

The correct answer explains that the hoarseness is caused by LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL reflux associated with GERD, not by allergic rhinitis, acute laryngitis, or vocal cord nodules. GERD leads to various complications like Barett esophagus and adenocarcinoma.

The correct answer is A) Presence of H. pylori bacteria in the esophagus. In the given scenario, the presence of 'Trachealization' of esophagus and unresponsiveness to therapy points towards EOSINOPHILIC esophagitis causing food impaction. This condition is characterized by infiltration of eosinophils in the esophagus, not the other conditions mentioned in the incorrect answers.

Tetracyclines are known to cause esophagitis due to their mechanism of action.

The key features of Mallory-Weiss syndrome include a longitudinal laceration at the Gastroesophageal junction, painful hematemesis, and a rapid increase in intraabdominal pressure (such as during retching). This differentiates it from Esophageal varices, which typically result in painless hematemesis and are due to portal hypertension. Peptic ulcer disease and Gastric cancer may also present with hematemesis but do not typically involve a partial thickness laceration at the Gastroesophageal junction.

The correct answer highlights the specific types of esophageal cancer that alcohol and cigarette smoking predispose individuals to. Alcohol is associated with Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), while Cigarette smoking is linked with Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and to SCC of Esophagus.

Obesity is a known risk factor for developing adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, whereas the other types listed are not typically associated with obesity.

The correct answer is SCC of Esophagus because exposure to strong acids/bases and hot fluids can lead to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus due to chronic irritation and tissue damage. Adenocarcinoma of Esophagus is more commonly associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Barrett's esophagus. Gastric Cancer primarily affects the stomach, not the esophagus. Lung Cancer is associated with tobacco smoking and exposure to asbestos, not ingestion of strong acids/bases or hot fluids.

Acute gastritis is characterized by erosion of the mucosa's epithelium, while chronic gastritis involves ulcers that penetrate deeper layers. The incorrect answers provide inaccurate information regarding the differences between acute and chronic gastritis.