Fundamentals of Plant Anatomy Quiz

Biology

NGSS

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| Questions: 19 | Updated: Aug 4, 2025

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1. What is the function of Xylem in plants?

Helps in photosynthesis.

Regulates plant growth.

Transports water and ions through the plant

Produces flowers and fruits.

Xylem is a type of vascular tissue in plants responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Explanation

Xylem is a type of vascular tissue in plants responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

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About This Quiz

Bio 162 Test 1 evaluates foundational knowledge in biology, focusing on essential concepts and theories. It's designed to assess comprehension and application skills, making it crucial for students aiming to excel in the biological sciences.

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2. What is the primary function of Phloem?

Photosynthesis

Protein synthesis

Water absorption

Sugar transport

Phloem primarily functions in transporting sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant for energy distribution.

Explanation

Phloem primarily functions in transporting sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant for energy distribution.

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3. What is the primary function of guard cells and where are they located?

Change shape to open or close the pore in stomata to control gas and water transport

B: Guard cells store excess water and are located in the flowers.

C: Guard cells regulate temperature and are located in the petals.

A: Guard cells produce energy for photosynthesis and are located in the roots.

Guard cells are specialized cells found in the epidermis of leaves that regulate the opening and closing of stomata to control gas exchange and water loss in plants.

Explanation

Guard cells are specialized cells found in the epidermis of leaves that regulate the opening and closing of stomata to control gas exchange and water loss in plants.

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4. What two things make up ground tissue, vascular tissue, and dermal tissue in plants?

Cortex and pith. xylem and phloem. cuticle and root hairs

Stem and leaf. cambium and stoma. epidermis and chlorophyll.

Ground tissue, vascular tissue, and dermal tissue in plants are composed of specific components that provide support, nutrition, and protection. The correct answer includes the essential elements that make up these tissues, while the incorrect answers provide other plant structures that do not directly constitute these tissues.

Explanation

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5. What key characteristic sets a monocot stem apart from a dicot stem?

The vascular bundles are randomly spread out and it has no secondary growth

Vascular bundles are absent in monocot stems.

Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring and secondary growth occurs.

Monocot stems have two distinct types of vascular tissue.

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6. Why do lawns need to be watered frequently in dry regions?

Lawns in dry regions do not require frequent watering.

They have shallow root systems

Lawns in dry regions have deep root systems.

Lawns in dry regions are able to survive without water for long periods.

Watering lawns frequently in dry regions helps compensate for the lack of natural rainfall.

Lawns in dry regions often have shallow root systems, which is why they require frequent watering to ensure their survival.

Explanation

Lawns in dry regions often have shallow root systems, which is why they require frequent watering to ensure their survival.

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7. Where does the biomass of a growing plant come from?

The biomass of a growing plant comes from the climate.

The biomass of a growing plant comes from the sunlight.

Question: Where does the biomass of a growing plant come from?Hypothesis: The biomass of a growing plant comes from the... Question: Where does the biomass of a growing plant come from?Hypothesis: The biomass of a growing plant comes from the soil.Experiment: Weigh soil and sapling, water and allow to grow for 5 years, then weigh soil and sapling again.Prediction: The mass of the soil will decrease the same amount as the mass of sapling increases.Data: The mass of soil barely decreased, while the mass of the sapling increased dramatically.Conclusion: it was something in the air or water that caused the change

The biomass of a growing plant comes from the soil.

In Van Helmont's experiment, it was determined that the biomass of a growing plant actually comes from the air and water, not the soil as originally hypothesized. This was concluded based on the significant increase in the mass of the sapling, while the mass of the soil barely decreased after 5 years of growth.

Explanation

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8. What is the function of the epidermis?

Aiding in reproductive processes by producing flowers.

Outer layer of cells that surrounds the stem. Has a waxy waterproof cuticle

Responsible for transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant.

Regulating the plant's internal temperature by controlling transpiration and gas exchange.

The epidermis in plants serves as the protective outer layer of cells that surrounds the stem and leaves. It is characterized by having a waxy waterproof cuticle, which helps prevent water loss and protects against environmental stressors.

Explanation

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9. What is the function of cortex and pith in a plant stem?

Ground tissue that surrounds vascular bundles

Responsible for photosynthesis and energy production.

Support the plant in an upright position.

Transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.

The cortex and pith in a plant stem are actually types of ground tissue that surround the vascular bundles, providing structural support and protection.

Explanation

The cortex and pith in a plant stem are actually types of ground tissue that surround the vascular bundles, providing structural support and protection.

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10. What are the 3 zones in root systems and what happens in each section?

Zone of cell organization: where cells come together to form tissues. Zone of nutrient absorption: where roots absorb nutrients from... Zone of cell organization: where cells come together to form tissues. Zone of nutrient absorption: where roots absorb nutrients from the soil. Zone of cell apoptosis: location where cells undergo programmed cell death.

Zone of cell germination: initial stage where root cells sprout. Zone of cell elongation: area where root cells stretch and... Zone of cell germination: initial stage where root cells sprout. Zone of cell elongation: area where root cells stretch and grow. Zone of cell termination: final stage where cells stop dividing.

Zone of cell division: contains the apical meristem, where cells divide. zone of cellular elogation: made up of cells derived... Zone of cell division: contains the apical meristem, where cells divide. zone of cellular elogation: made up of cells derived from apical meristem, actively increase length.zone of celluar maturation: older cells complete differentiation into dermal, vascular, and ground tissues. epidermal cells produce root hairs to increase surface are.

Zone of root growth: area where roots expand. Zone of root development: where roots mature and become fully functional. Zone... Zone of root growth: area where roots expand. Zone of root development: where roots mature and become fully functional. Zone of root processing: where roots undergo chemical changes.

The correct answers provided explain the specific functions and characteristics of each zone in the root system, showcasing the process of root development from cell division to maturation and nutrient absorption. The incorrect answers provided do not accurately represent the different zones in the root system and their respective functions.

Explanation

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11. What are some differences between dicot leaves and monocot leaves?

Dicot leaves have one cotyledon and parallel veins, while monocot leaves have 2 cotyledons and branching veins.

Dicot leaves and monocot leaves both have two cotyledons.

Dicot leaves have parallel veins, while monocot leaves have branching veins.

Dicot has 2 cotyledons, branching viens. monocot has one cotyledon and parallel veins

Dicot and monocot leaves exhibit distinct characteristics in terms of cotyledons and vein patterns, which differentiate them in plant classification.

Explanation

Dicot and monocot leaves exhibit distinct characteristics in terms of cotyledons and vein patterns, which differentiate them in plant classification.

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12. What is a key difference between a monocot root and a dicot root?

The xylem and phloem surround the pith in alternating bundles (circle) and it doesnt have a cuticle

Monocot roots have a centralized pith surrounded by xylem and phloem.

The xylem and phloem are scattered randomly throughout the root structure.

Monocot roots have a cuticle layer while dicot roots lack it.

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13. What is the function of the pericycle?

Aids in photosynthesis

Strengthens the stem and provides protection for vascular bundles

Regulates the uptake of nutrients in leaves

Stores excess water in a plant

The pericycle is a layer of plant tissue that surrounds the vascular tissue in roots and is responsible for strengthening the stem and providing protection for the vascular bundles.

Explanation

The pericycle is a layer of plant tissue that surrounds the vascular tissue in roots and is responsible for strengthening the stem and providing protection for the vascular bundles.

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14. What is the main function of the endodermis in plants?

To store excess water and nutrients.

To provide structural support to the roots.

To facilitate photosynthesis in the roots.

To prevent water and solutes from passing through

The endodermis serves as a selectively permeable barrier, actively regulating the movement of water and solutes to ensure proper nutrient uptake by the plant while also preventing the entry of harmful substances.

Explanation

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15. What is the function of the pericycle in woody roots?

C. They aid in the transportation of nutrients within the roots.

A. They assist in water absorption.

B. They are responsible for photosynthesis in roots.

They produce the root cork cambium

The pericycle in woody roots is responsible for producing the root cork cambium, which contributes to the growth and development of the root's protective outer covering.

Explanation

The pericycle in woody roots is responsible for producing the root cork cambium, which contributes to the growth and development of the root's protective outer covering.

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16. How does secondary xylem and phloem come about?

Secondary xylem and phloem form through a process of transpiration and photosynthesis.

A thin layer of procambuim cells between xylem and phloem differentiate into vascular cambium

Secondary xylem and phloem arise from the epidermal cells of the plant.

Secondary xylem and phloem are produced directly from the primary xylem and phloem cells.

The correct process of secondary xylem and phloem formation involves the differentiation of procambium cells into vascular cambium, which gives rise to secondary growth in plants.

Explanation

The correct process of secondary xylem and phloem formation involves the differentiation of procambium cells into vascular cambium, which gives rise to secondary growth in plants.

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17. What is phenotypic plasticity in roots and shoots?

The ability to photosynthesize in roots and shoots.

The process of absorbing water and nutrients in roots and shoots.

Ability to change form depending on the environmental conditions

The fixed structure of roots and shoots.

Phenotypic plasticity refers to the ability of an organism to change its physical characteristics in response to environmental stimuli.

Explanation

Phenotypic plasticity refers to the ability of an organism to change its physical characteristics in response to environmental stimuli.

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18. From where does the woody stem originate?

Apical meristem and forms primary growth only.

Lateral meristem and forms secondary xylem and phloem

Terminal meristem and forms vascular bundles.

Root meristem and stems from the main root.

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19. What is the difference between primary and secondary growth?

Primary growth occurs in depth while secondary growth occurs in height.

Primary grows in length and secondary grows in width

Primary growth occurs in diameter while secondary growth occurs in thickness.

Primary growth occurs in width while secondary growth occurs in length.

Primary growth in plants is responsible for the increase in length of stems and roots, while secondary growth is responsible for the increase in width by the activity of the lateral meristem.

Explanation

Primary growth in plants is responsible for the increase in length of stems and roots, while secondary growth is responsible for the increase in width by the activity of the lateral meristem.

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