Ankle & Foot Chapt 46,47

The bones of the foot include the calcaneus, talus, Navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiform bones. The incorrect answers are bones from other parts of the body.

The calcaneus bone, also known as the heel bone, has a prominent bony prominence called the tuberosity on its posterior aspect which serves as an attachment point for various muscles and tendons.

The correct answer refers to the sustentaculum tali which is a part of the talus bone. It plays a key role in supporting the talus and connecting with surrounding tendons. The three incorrect answers are other bones in the foot but do not match the description provided.

Metatarsals are a group of five long bones in the foot that connect the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot to the phalanges of the toes. They are numbered from medial to lateral with the first metatarsal being the thickest and shortest. Metatarsals 1 and 5 bear a significant portion of the body weight during typical activities like walking or running, while metatarsals 2, 3, and 4 play a more minor role in weight-bearing. The base of the metatarsals refers to the proximal (near the body) end, while the head refers to the distal (farther from the body) end.

Phalanges are the bones that make up the fingers and toes, and they vary in number and structure depending on the digit they are associated with. Understanding the composition of phalanges is essential in anatomy studies.

The functional aspects of the foot anatomy are correctly described in the answer. The incorrect answers provide combinations of incorrect bones and functions associated with the different regions of the foot, highlighting the importance of understanding the correct relationship between anatomical structures and their functions.

The three major functions of the foot are related to its role in movement and support of the body. These functions allow the foot to effectively manage the impact of walking or running, adjust to different terrains, and provide a secure foundation for the body to move forward.

The correct answer includes specific types of joint movements such as dorsiflexion (DF), plantarflexion (PF), supination (inversion), pronation (eversion), adduction (ADD), and abduction (ABD). The incorrect answers provided are either related to general movement directions or unrelated terms in the context of joints and motions.

The correct answer provides the terminology for supination and pronation, which involve a combination of movements in different directions. The incorrect answers either provide irrelevant movements or incorrectly match the movements with the given terminology.

The superior tibiofibular joint is classified as a uniaxial plane joint due to its limited movement in one plane.

The inferior tibiofibular joint is classified as a syndesmosis, characterized by fibrous tissue separating and holding the bones together, rather than a typical synovial, cartilaginous, or suture joint.

The Subtalar Joint is also known as the Talocalcaneal Joint, as it is formed by the inferior surface of the talus and the superior surface of the calcaneus. It allows for inversion (INV) and eversion (EV) movements of the foot.

The correct classification for Ankle Joint=Talocrural=Talotibial is triplanar, as it allows movement through all three planes.

The Transverse tarsal Joint consists of the anterior talus and calcaneus bones, while the Midtarsal Joint is made up of the post navicular and cuboid bones. These two joints work together to enable a combination of movements that include pronation and supination.

The great toe's IP joint is known for being the most mobile, whereas the MTP joints are related to metatarsal heads and proximal phalanges, and the 2-5 joints are associated with PIP and DIP, making them less mobile.

The ligaments that play a role in stabilizing the ankle joint include the joint capsule, deltoid ligament, anterior talofibular ligament (ATF), calcaneofibular ligament (CF), and posterior talofibular ligament (PTF). Collateral ligaments are more commonly associated with the knee joint, the patellar ligament is located in the knee connecting the patella to the tibia, and the scapholunate ligament stabilizes the wrist joint.

The MCL is responsible for stabilizing the inner side of the knee joint, preventing excessive side-to-side movement.

The Deltoid Ligament has four main parts, each serving a specific function in ankle stability. The incorrect answers provided do not correspond to the actual components of the Deltoid Ligament.

The Lateral Collateral Ligament attaches to the lateral malleolus, talus, and navicular. The other options provided are not correct attachments of this ligament.

The foot must have specific arch formations to effectively absorb shock, adjust to terrain changes, and propel the body forward. These arches play a crucial role in foot mechanics and function.

The Medial Longitudinal Arch of the foot is formed by specific structures on the medial side of the foot, with the talus bone playing a crucial role as the keystone. Understanding the components of this arch is essential for proper foot function and biomechanics.

The Lateral Longitudinal Arch runs from the calcaneus anteriorly, through the cuboid, to metatarsals 4 and 5. It does not involve the talus, navicular, or cuneiforms, and does not reach metatarsals 1, 2, or 3.

The Transverse Longitudinal Arch is a structure in the foot that helps maintain the foot's stability and balance during movement. It runs side to side through specific bones in the foot, with the second cuneiform bone acting as a keystone. Understanding the correct definition of this arch is important in podiatry and orthopedics for diagnosing and treating foot conditions related to arch support.

The ankle joint is formed by the articulation of the tibia, fibula, and the talus bone. These three bones play a crucial role in ankle movement and stability.

The ankle joint is classified as a freely moving hinge joint because it primarily moves in one direction - up and down - similar to a hinge on a door.

The three ligaments of the lateral ankle joint are the Anterior Talofibular lig, Calcaneofibular Lig, and Posterior Talofibular Lig, which provide stability to the ankle joint during movement.

The Anterior Talofibular Ligament is commonly injured in ankle sprains due to its location and role in stabilizing the ankle joint.

The correct answer includes the ligaments Posterior calcaneal part, tibiocalcaneal part, Tibionavicular part, anterior tibiotalar part, forming the Deltoid ligament. The incorrect answers either include incorrect ligaments or mix up the correct ligaments.

Medial ligaments in the body are typically stronger than lateral ligaments due to the nature of their support and stability roles.

Medial ligaments are responsible for preventing excessive eversion, whereas lateral ligaments prevent excessive inversion. This plays a crucial role in stabilizing the ankle joint and preventing injuries such as sprains.