Understanding Wave Properties and Types

Transverse waves are characterized by their perpendicular oscillation to the direction of energy transfer. The correct answer describes this motion accurately.

Longitudinal waves are waves where the particles of the medium vibrate in the same direction as the direction of travel of the wave. This is in contrast to transverse waves where particles vibrate perpendicular to the direction of travel.

A wavelength is defined as the distance between two points of the same phase on a wave, such as two crests or two troughs. It is a key characteristic in understanding the behavior of waves in various mediums.

Amplitude refers to the maximum displacement or distance moved by a point on a vibrating body or wave measured from its equilibrium position. It is not related to the frequency, wavelength, or speed of the wave.

In the context of waves, the term 'period' specifically refers to the time it takes for one complete cycle of a wave to occur.

Speed is defined as the distance covered per unit time. Therefore, the correct formula to calculate speed is distance divided by time.

The crest of a wave refers to the highest point of the wave where the amplitude is at its peak.

In terms of wave terminology, the trough refers to the lowest point of a wave, while the crest is the highest point. The trough is the opposite of the crest and occurs between successive crests.

Waves refer to rhythmic disturbances that transfer energy through matter, such as light waves or sound waves.

When referring to a medium in the context of waves, it means a substance or material that carries the wave energy. Unlike mechanical waves, electromagnetic waves do not require a medium to propagate, as they can travel through a vacuum.

When a wave carries energy, it vibrates and creates it rather than absorbing it, transferring it, or losing it as it travels.

Mechanical waves are defined by the requirement to travel through a medium, such as air or water, and cannot propagate through a vacuum. Sound waves and ocean waves are common examples of mechanical waves.

Electromagnetic waves do not require a medium to travel, unlike mechanical waves. They can travel through a vacuum, such as in outer space, and include various forms like visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

Diffraction refers to the spreading out of waves as they pass through an opening or around an obstacle. The extent of spreading depends on the size of the gap, which is a characteristic feature of diffraction.

Scattering refers to the phenomenon where waves deviate from their expected path and spread out in various directions. This can be observed with white light, where the different wavelengths of light scatter in different directions.

Reflection in this context refers to the phenomenon where waves bounce off a surface, like sound waves creating an echo. It is a physics term, not related to meditation, light bending, or transferring thoughts into writing.

Transmission is the process of waves moving through a medium in a particular direction, such as light passing through glass or water waves traveling through the ocean. It does not involve waves moving in opposite directions, converting data into signals, or physical movement of goods.

Absorption causes things to appear colored when certain wavelengths of light are absorbed and others are not, resulting in the perception of color.

Refraction is the phenomenon in which waves change speed and direction as they pass through a boundary between two different substances. This can be observed with various types of waves, such as light or sound waves.