1.
Martin Luther King would roll over in his grave!
Correct Answer
B. Transfer "Name dropping"
Explanation
The phrase "Martin Luther King would roll over in his grave!" is an example of Transfer "Name dropping" because it uses the reputation and authority of Martin Luther King to support or emphasize a point. By suggesting that King would be greatly disappointed or outraged by something, the speaker is attempting to transfer King's credibility and moral standing to their own argument.
2.
We shouldn't listen to this person because he cheated on his wife!
Correct Answer
D. Ad hominem
Explanation
Ad hominem is a logical fallacy where instead of addressing the argument or claims made by a person, their character or personal traits are attacked. In this case, the person's credibility is being questioned based on their infidelity, which is unrelated to the topic being discussed. This type of argument does not provide any valid reasoning or evidence against the person's statements and should not be used as a basis for dismissing their opinions or arguments.
3.
His classroom is a dictatorship!
Correct Answer
A. Ad populum
Explanation
The given correct answer is "Ad populum." Ad populum is a logical fallacy that involves appealing to popular opinion or the majority's belief as a way to support an argument. In this context, the statement "His classroom is a dictatorship!" suggests that the classroom is run in a dictatorial manner, implying that it is a negative characteristic. However, just because a majority of people may believe this to be true does not necessarily make it accurate or valid. Therefore, the answer "Ad populum" is the most appropriate choice.
4.
80% of people support gay marriage, so it should be legal.
Correct Answer
E. Bandwagoning
Explanation
The given statement suggests that because 80% of people support gay marriage, it should be legal. This is an example of bandwagoning, which is a logical fallacy that assumes something is true or should be done simply because a majority of people believe in it or are doing it. The argument does not provide any logical or rational reasons for why gay marriage should be legal, but instead relies on the popularity of the idea.
5.
Please send money to our cause. My grandmother is dying and scared. She needs the money.
She is going to die!
Correct Answer
D. Appeal to pity/manipulation
Explanation
The given statement is an example of appeal to pity/manipulation. The person is trying to manipulate the reader's emotions by mentioning their dying grandmother who is scared and in need of money. They are using this emotional plea to persuade the reader to send money to their cause.
6.
Asians are commie, sex-crazed, freaks!
Correct Answer
A. Appeal to prejudice
Explanation
The given statement is making a generalization about Asians based on negative stereotypes, which is an appeal to prejudice. It is using preconceived notions and biases to make a judgment without any factual evidence or logical reasoning. This type of argument relies on emotional manipulation rather than logical reasoning, and it is considered fallacious.
7.
This is the way we have always done it so it is the right way!
Correct Answer
E. Appeal to tradition
Explanation
The given answer, "appeal to tradition," is the correct choice because the statement suggests that something is the right way simply because it has always been done that way. This is a logical fallacy where the validity of a claim is based solely on the fact that it is a long-standing tradition, rather than on any evidence or logical reasoning.
8.
He was a war hero so he will be a strong president!
Correct Answer
C. False analogy
Explanation
The given correct answer is "false analogy". This means that the statement is making a comparison between two things that are not truly comparable. In this case, the fact that someone was a war hero does not necessarily mean they will be a strong president. Being a war hero does not automatically translate into having the necessary skills, experience, or qualities to be an effective leader in a political role. Therefore, the statement is making a false analogy by equating being a war hero with being a strong president.
9.
How do you feel about gun control?
A: Well Stacy, Gun control is the controlling of guns. Guns are shooting instruments.
Correct Answer
A. Ignoring the question
Explanation
The given answer is "ignoring the question" because it does not provide any opinion or feeling about gun control. Instead, it simply defines what gun control is and describes guns as shooting instruments. This response does not address the person's emotions or thoughts on the topic of gun control.
10.
She did well in college because she had Mr. Boast for English.
Correct Answer
C. Post hoc ergo propter hoc
Explanation
Post hoc ergo propter hoc is a logical fallacy that suggests that because one event happened before another, it must have caused the second event. In this case, the statement implies that the reason she did well in college is because she had Mr. Boast for English. However, this is a fallacy because it assumes that the only reason for her success was having Mr. Boast as her teacher, without considering other factors such as her own abilities, hard work, or other teachers she may have had.
11.
Sara is a Christian, she supports prolife.
Correct Answer
E. Guilt by association
Explanation
The correct answer is "guilt by association." This fallacy occurs when someone's character or beliefs are judged based on their association with a particular group or individual. In this case, the implication is that because Sara is a Christian and supports prolife, she may be associated with negative stereotypes or beliefs commonly associated with these groups. However, it is important to recognize that an individual's beliefs and character should not be automatically assumed based on their association with a particular group.
12.
Gay marriage is wrong. It shouldn't be legal. It's bad.
Correct Answer
A. Begging the question
Explanation
The given statement "Gay marriage is wrong. It shouldn't be legal. It's bad" is an example of begging the question. This fallacy occurs when the conclusion of an argument is assumed within the premise itself, without providing any evidence or logical reasoning to support it. In this case, the statement assumes that gay marriage is wrong without presenting any valid reasons or evidence to support this claim. Therefore, it is an example of begging the question.
13.
Prolifers are a bunch of Bible-thumping Christians who think abortion is murder.
Correct Answer
D. Strawman
Explanation
The given statement is an example of a strawman argument. A strawman argument is when someone misrepresents their opponent's position in order to make it easier to attack. In this case, the statement portrays pro-lifers as only being Bible-thumping Christians who believe abortion is murder. By doing so, it oversimplifies and misrepresents the beliefs and diversity within the pro-life movement. This strawman argument allows the person making the statement to dismiss the pro-life stance without engaging with the actual arguments and reasons behind it.
14.
Home robberies are on the rise, we shouldn't ban handguns.
Correct Answer
A. No sequitar
Explanation
The given statement suggests that since home robberies are increasing, banning handguns is not a logical solution. This is an example of a "non sequitur" fallacy, which means that the conclusion does not logically follow from the premise. The increase in home robberies does not necessarily mean that banning handguns would not be effective in reducing them. The argument lacks a clear connection between the two points, making it a non sequitur.
15.
Gay marriage shouldn't be legal because it leads to beastality and pedophilia.
Correct Answer
C. Slippery slope
Explanation
The given statement suggests that legalizing gay marriage will lead to beastiality and pedophilia. This is a classic example of a slippery slope fallacy, where an extreme and unlikely outcome is presented as a direct result of a certain action. The argument assumes that legalizing gay marriage will inevitably lead to these other illegal and immoral activities, without providing any evidence or logical reasoning to support this claim. Slippery slope fallacies are often used to create fear and opposition towards a certain idea or action.
16.
All teenagers are irresponsible!
Correct Answer
B. Broad generalation
Explanation
The given correct answer is "broad generalization" because the statement "All teenagers are irresponsible" makes a sweeping and generalized assumption about all teenagers, implying that irresponsibility is a universal trait among them. This is an example of a broad generalization, as it fails to consider individual differences and exceptions within the teenage population.
17.
We have no choice but to nuke the whole country.
Correct Answer
B. Over simplication/false dilemma
Explanation
The given statement suggests that there is only one solution to a problem, which is to nuke the entire country. This is an example of oversimplification or a false dilemma because it presents a limited and extreme set of options, ignoring any other possible alternatives or solutions. It fails to consider the complexity of the situation and the potential consequences of such a drastic action.