Extra Credit Quiz

Second generation immigrant youth who experience racial prejudice and discrimination in school are likely to give up their ethnic identity and try to assimilate into mainstream society. This is because they may feel pressured to conform to the dominant culture in order to gain acceptance and avoid further discrimination. By assimilating, they may hope to reduce the negative experiences they face and increase their chances of fitting in and being treated equally.

Italian immigrants in the United States have been a target of violence and myths about disease, illiteracy, and intellectual inferiority. This suggests that they have faced discrimination and prejudice based on false beliefs and stereotypes. It implies that they have experienced hardships and challenges due to negative attitudes towards their community.

Asia is the correct answer because it is the region in the world that sends the most immigrants to the US after North America. This is supported by data and statistics that show a significant number of immigrants from Asian countries relocating to the United States. Factors such as economic opportunities, family reunification, and educational prospects contribute to the high immigration rate from Asia to the US.

The correct answer is that only people of color were denied by law an education, property ownership, and basic civil rights. This is because throughout history, laws and policies in the United States specifically targeted and discriminated against people of color, denying them access to education, property ownership, and basic civil rights. Anglo-European immigrants did not face the same level of systemic discrimination and were not legally denied these rights.

The concept that best matches the description of intercultural contact in Hawaii is pluralism. Pluralism refers to a society or state that respects and recognizes the diversity of different cultural, religious, and ethnic groups. In Hawaii, where various religious beliefs such as Protestant, Shinto, Catholic, Buddhist, and nature worship are respected, it demonstrates a pluralistic approach to intercultural contact. This means that instead of trying to assimilate or suppress different beliefs, Hawaii embraces and celebrates the coexistence of multiple religious practices and cultural traditions.

The correct answer is "include thousands of African Americans who are distinct from the Nation of Islam (Black Muslims) led by Louis Farraken." This is because the statement accurately reflects the diversity within the Muslim community in the US, highlighting the presence of African American Muslims who are separate from the Nation of Islam, which is a distinct religious and political movement.

The correct answer states that decisions about who is white and therefore eligible for citizenship changed over time. This explanation suggests that the definition of whiteness and the criteria for eligibility for citizenship have evolved throughout American history. It implies that there have been shifts in the racial and ethnic composition of the country and changes in the laws and policies regarding citizenship based on racial categorizations.

The correct answer is that the English and Scots are good examples of the "melting pot" theory. This suggests that these immigrant groups were able to assimilate into American society and culture, blending their own traditions and values with those of the United States. The "melting pot" theory refers to the idea that immigrants from diverse backgrounds can come together and create a new, unified American identity. The fact that the English and Scots are cited as examples of this theory implies that they were successful in integrating into American society.

During the classic era, India, Philippines, and Vietnam were not major nations of origin for immigrants to the US. However, in the last decade, they have emerged as top nations of origin for contemporary immigrants. This suggests a shift in immigration patterns, with an increase in immigrants from these countries compared to before.

The black elite slaveholders in Louisiana do not show African American struggles to maintain an oppositional culture because they were a part of the slaveholding class, which was in direct opposition to the struggles of African Americans. The other options - slaves who participated in corn-shucking ceremonies, the Harlem Renaissance, the Black Power movement, and spirituals and oral histories - all represent different aspects of African American culture and resistance against oppression.

The correct answer suggests that Anglo-Europeans, Jews, and African Americans have all made significant contributions to American society. However, these contributions have not been equally rewarded or benefited by all groups. This implies that there are disparities and inequalities in how these groups have been treated and valued in the United States.

The correct answer is "all of the above" because the statement includes all the given information about Latinos in the United States. It mentions their origin in Mexico, the Caribbean, and Latin America, their representation of about 15% of the population, their primary Mexican origins due to US territorial conquests and colonialism, and their diverse racial and ethnic identities including Black, White, Latino, Indian, and Multiracial.

The correct answer is "by treaty, cultural autonomy was guaranteed to Mexicans living in the Southwest." This means that there was a legal agreement in place that ensured Mexicans living in the Southwest had the right to maintain their own cultural practices and traditions. This shows the importance placed on protecting the cultural identity of this specific group of people.

Cultural assimilation refers to the one-way process of giving up a cultural identity in order to interact freely with the host society. This means that individuals or groups abandon their own cultural practices, beliefs, and values in favor of adopting those of the dominant culture. It involves blending into the host society and conforming to its norms and expectations. Cultural assimilation can be seen as a way to achieve social integration and unity, but it can also lead to the loss of cultural diversity and the marginalization of minority cultures.

Muslims in the US are ethnically and linguistically diverse, as only about 1/5th of Muslims worldwide are Arab. They are also guided by the Five Pillars, which are the foundation of their religious faith. While they are able to practice their religion freely, strict Muslims often face cultural conflicts due to Friday prayers, styles of dress, and forbidden banking practices. Additionally, Muslims in the US are experiencing increased prejudice and discrimination in schools and society.

The correct answer is that American Indians who live in the US are highly diverse in terms of native language and cultures. This means that there is not a single homogeneous culture or language among American Indians, but rather a wide range of different languages and cultural practices. This diversity reflects the rich and varied history and traditions of different Native American tribes and communities.

The concept that matches the description of the federal government's decision to encourage Standard English to facilitate student access to national resources is assimilation. Assimilation refers to the process of individuals or groups adopting the dominant culture of a society, often including the language, customs, and values. In this case, the government's decision to encourage Standard English indicates a push for cultural assimilation, aiming to integrate diverse populations into a unified national identity and provide equal access to resources.

The concept that matches the description of people raised in Hawaii sharing a unique worldview that includes Eastern, Western, and Island perspectives and intermarriage is "amalgamation". Amalgamation refers to the blending or mixing of different cultures, resulting in a new and unique cultural identity. In the case of Hawaii, the intermingling of Eastern, Western, and Island perspectives through intermarriage has led to a multicultural population with a distinct worldview.

Contemporary immigration differs from the classic era in multiple ways. In the present, priority is given to highly educated professionals and individuals with needed skills, which was not the case in the past. Additionally, today's immigration policies prioritize immediate family members, whereas in the classic era, this was not a priority. Furthermore, family sponsored preferences are given priority in contemporary immigration, which was not prevalent previously. Lastly, contemporary immigration also prioritizes refugees and asylees, while this was not a significant consideration in the classic era. Therefore, all of the above statements accurately describe the differences between contemporary immigration and the classic era.

The correct answer is "all of the above" because the statement mentions different aspects of the history of immigration in the United States. It states that undocumented workers were encouraged to come to the United States during times when labor was needed, US citizens were sent back to their countries of origin, Jewish immigrants entered in large numbers during both the classic and contemporary eras, and the state of Oregon is a favorite settlement location for newcomers from Russia and the Ukraine. Therefore, all of these statements are true and contribute to the history of immigration in the United States.

Amalgamation refers to the process by which several cultures blend together to form a new and unique culture. It involves inter-group contact and intermarriage, creating a melting pot effect. This term implies a peaceful coexistence and the acceptance of different cultural elements to create a harmonious society. Cultural assimilation, on the other hand, refers to the process of one culture absorbing another, while cultural pluralism/accommodation emphasizes the coexistence of multiple cultures without assimilation. Separatism/disintegration and suppression are not related to the concept of cultures blending together to form a new culture.

The correct answer is "all of the above" because each statement mentioned in the options is supported by historical evidence. The history of slavery and the slave trade in the Western Hemisphere indeed shows that the legal slave trade in the United States ended with the majority of enslaved Africans being taken to South America and the Caribbean. Additionally, prior to the Civil War, a significant percentage of the African American population were freedmen and women. Free people of color did have the ability to own real estate but faced restrictions on bearing arms and were excluded from certain rights. Lastly, it is true that the majority of southern white individuals did not own slaves and earned low incomes.

Cultural pluralism/accommodation refers to the two-way process of mutual respect and appreciation for cultural differences and similarities. It emphasizes the coexistence of different cultures within a society, allowing them to maintain their distinct identities while also finding common ground. This concept promotes inclusivity and diversity, fostering an environment of understanding and acceptance. It stands in contrast to separatism/disintegration, which involves the separation or division of different cultural groups, and suppression, which involves the forced suppression or dominance of one culture over others. Amalgamation and cultural assimilation are also different from cultural pluralism/accommodation as they involve the merging or assimilation of different cultures into a dominant culture.

The correct answer is that the majority of contemporary immigrants are people of color. This is supported by data and research that show a significant increase in immigration from non-European countries in recent decades. This demographic shift has led to a more diverse immigrant population, with a larger proportion of immigrants coming from countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

The given answer, separatism/disintegration, is the most appropriate term to match with the concept of the breakdown of national bonds and the secession of ethnic groups. This term refers to the act of separating or breaking away from a larger political entity, often driven by ethnic or cultural differences. In the context of Yugoslavia, the secession of various ethnic groups led to the disintegration of the country, resulting in the formation of independent nations.

The history of Asian Americans does not reveal widespread academic and economic success among all Asian Americans, including recent immigrants from Southeast Asia. This suggests that while some Asian American communities may have achieved academic and economic success, it is not a universal experience for all Asian Americans, including those from Southeast Asia.

The correct answer is incompatible approaches to hunting and farming. This option is the only one that does not directly relate to the past cultural conflicts between American Indians and non-Indians. The other options all represent aspects of these conflicts, such as differing worldviews regarding westward expansion and land acquisition, the Dawes Act of 1887 which aimed to assimilate Native Americans into mainstream American society, and the dramatic swings in Federal Indian Policy which often resulted in broken treaties and displacement of Native peoples.

The Jewish American community today reflects three distinct immigrant group origins, three major religious movements (Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform), a history of Anti-Semitism, and socio-economic diversity ranging from poverty to wealth. However, it does not reflect total cultural assimilation, as the Jewish American community has maintained its distinct cultural identity and practices despite living in the United States.

The answer states that Roman Catholics were a target of hostility and discrimination. This means that they faced prejudice and unfair treatment based on their religious beliefs. This is supported by the historical context of European American history, where Roman Catholics were often viewed with suspicion and faced discrimination, particularly in the early years of immigration. This discrimination could have included being denied job opportunities, facing violence or prejudice, and being treated as outsiders in society.

Chinese and Japanese immigrants do not consider religion as an important aspect of their immigration experience to the United States. This is because their immigration experience is primarily driven by economic and political factors rather than religious reasons. Unlike Russian and Ukrainian immigrants, who may have religious motivations due to the influence of the Orthodox Church, or Jewish immigrants who often face religious persecution, Chinese and Japanese immigrants tend to prioritize other factors such as education, employment, and family reunification.

During World War II, the Japanese Language Schools in Hawaii were shut down and the teachers were interned on the mainland. This action can be seen as an example of suppression, as it involved the forced closure of cultural institutions and the internment of individuals based on their ethnicity. This act aimed to suppress the Japanese culture and language in Hawaii, indicating a lack of tolerance for diversity and a desire to assimilate or suppress the Japanese population.

Suppression refers to the overt segregation and/or elimination of a group. It involves forcefully repressing or subduing a particular group, often through discriminatory policies or violent means. This term suggests the intentional act of suppressing the rights, culture, or existence of a specific group, such as Native Americans. It implies a deliberate effort to marginalize or eradicate the group's presence or influence within a society.

The US policy of Indian self-determination is not an example of colonialism because it grants indigenous peoples the right to govern themselves and make decisions regarding their own affairs. Colonialism, on the other hand, involves the domination and control of indigenous lands and peoples by a foreign nation. In this case, the US policy recognizes the sovereignty and autonomy of Native American tribes, allowing them to exercise self-governance and determine their own future.

The description of the growing native Hawaiian movement to secede from the Union and re-establish the Hawaiian monarchy matches the concept of separatism. This is because separatism refers to the desire or movement to separate or break away from a larger group or entity, in this case, the native Hawaiians wanting to separate from the United States and regain their independence.

The Bracero Program resulted in all of the above. The program did generate more illegal immigration because many US growers preferred to recruit farm laborers informally, violating the agreement. Additionally, nearly 5 million braceros worked under contracts that prohibited the replacement of domestic workers or reduction of domestic farm wages. Furthermore, Mexico excluded several states from the program due to racial discrimination in segregated public accommodations.

The given answer states that the studies of contemporary Latino immigration do not reveal that the majority of Latinos are here illegally. This implies that the studies have found a different trend or pattern regarding the legal status of Latino immigrants.

The given answer "none of the above" is correct because the statements provided in the question are not accurate representations of recent history in the US. Mexican Americans, like any other immigrant group, have experienced a range of assimilation levels, with some being fully assimilated and others maintaining strong ties to their cultural heritage. Arab immigrants, including third and fourth generations, have also integrated into various communities across the US and are not universally segregated in Arab neighborhoods. Puerto Ricans are US citizens by birthright and have not been denied citizenship based on their assimilation choices.