Emerging Trends In Mechanical Engineering MCQ Quiz!

A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) propulsion system with an electric propulsion system. This means that the vehicle can be powered by both fuel and electricity, making it more fuel-efficient and environmentally friendly compared to traditional vehicles that solely rely on an ICE. The combination of the two propulsion systems allows for better fuel economy and reduced emissions, making HEVs a popular choice for individuals looking for a greener transportation option.

Waste Heat Recovery is a process that allows plants to capture and utilize waste heat generated during various industrial processes. By implementing this technology, plants can reduce their energy cost by reusing the captured heat instead of relying solely on external energy sources. Additionally, waste heat recovery helps in reducing pollution as it minimizes the need for burning fossil fuels or other energy sources. Moreover, this process increases energy efficiency by maximizing the utilization of available resources, resulting in improved overall plant performance. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above."

Waste heat recovery in the industry offers a major advantage of both reducing pollution and increasing efficiency. By capturing and utilizing waste heat generated during industrial processes, it can be converted into useful energy, reducing the need for additional fuel consumption and thereby decreasing pollution. Additionally, this process increases overall efficiency by utilizing previously wasted heat, resulting in cost savings and environmental benefits. Therefore, the correct answer is "Both a and b."

Automotive manufacturers are developing and selling hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) for several reasons. Firstly, HEVs help in reducing CO2 emissions by reducing fuel consumption. This is important for addressing environmental concerns and meeting stricter emission standards. Secondly, HEVs also contribute to the reduction of toxic emissions from exhaust gases, which is crucial for improving air quality and public health. Lastly, HEVs offer improved powertrain dynamics by increasing total power and torque, which enhances the overall performance and driving experience. Therefore, all of the given reasons are valid for the development and sale of HEVs.

A Condensate Recovery Pump offers several advantages, including a reduction in fuel bill, reduction in water charges, and maximum boiler output. By recovering and reusing condensate, the pump helps to save energy and reduce fuel consumption, leading to cost savings. Additionally, it reduces water charges by recycling and reusing water, minimizing the need for fresh water intake. Finally, by efficiently removing condensate from the system, the pump ensures maximum boiler output, optimizing the overall performance of the boiler.

The correct answer is "All of the above." This means that all the statements mentioned in the question are true and represent the main limitations of an HEV. These limitations include the addition of more weight to the vehicle due to additional electric components, the increased difficulty in building and the overall cost of purchasing and ownership, and the use of permanent magnet electric machines for electric propulsion in most HEVs.

The hyperbolic shape of the hyperbolic cooling tower enhances aerodynamic lift, airflow rate, and a natural flow of air through the tower shell. The shape of the tower allows for better air circulation and flow, increasing the efficiency of the cooling process. The aerodynamic lift generated by the shape helps in drawing air in and pushing it upwards, creating a natural flow. This design feature ultimately improves the overall performance of the cooling tower.

All of the options mentioned - hydrogen generation by using exhaust gas waste heat, thermoelectric generator, and organic Rankine cycle - are considered advanced WHR (waste heat recovery) technologies. Each of these technologies enables the recovery and utilization of waste heat in different ways. Hydrogen generation by using exhaust gas waste heat involves using the waste heat from exhaust gases to produce hydrogen. A thermoelectric generator converts waste heat directly into electricity. The organic Rankine cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that uses an organic working fluid to convert waste heat into electricity. Therefore, all three options can be classified as advanced WHR technologies.

HPPS stands for Hybrid pneumatic power system. This term refers to a power system that combines both pneumatic and hydraulic technologies to generate and transmit power. It is a hybrid system that utilizes the advantages of both pneumatic and hydraulic systems to improve efficiency and performance. This technology is commonly used in various applications such as industrial machinery, automotive systems, and aerospace.

The most common form of hybrid energy vehicle is a hybrid electric car. These cars combine an internal combustion engine with an electric motor, allowing them to run on both gasoline and electricity. The electric motor assists the engine during acceleration and at low speeds, reducing fuel consumption and emissions. The car also uses regenerative braking to convert kinetic energy into electricity, which is stored in a battery for later use. This combination of gasoline and electric power makes hybrid electric cars more fuel-efficient and environmentally friendly compared to traditional gasoline-powered vehicles.

Okinawa is the correct answer because it is an Indian company that launched the first electric scooters in the market with the highest speed. Bajaj Auto, TVS, and Hero are also Indian companies, but they did not launch the first electric scooters with the highest speed.

All of the options listed - turbocharged engines, recuperators, and heat pumps - are examples of waste heat recovery (WHR) systems. Waste heat recovery systems are designed to capture and utilize waste heat generated by various processes or systems. Turbocharged engines use exhaust gases to drive a turbine, which in turn increases the efficiency of the engine. Recuperators recover waste heat from exhaust gases and transfer it to the incoming air or fluid, improving overall energy efficiency. Heat pumps extract heat from a low-temperature source and transfer it to a higher-temperature location, making them an effective method of waste heat recovery.

The given answer, "All of the above," is correct because all three vehicles mentioned - Toyota Prius, Toyota Camry, and Honda Civic - are examples of series-parallel hybrid vehicles. These vehicles use a combination of both series and parallel hybrid systems, allowing them to switch between different power sources (electric motor and internal combustion engine) depending on driving conditions. This technology helps improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions, making them popular choices among environmentally conscious drivers.

Toyota launched the first hybrid Prius in Japan in 1997.

All of the options mentioned (ESP, ESC, and DSC) are computerized technologies that improve a vehicle's stability by detecting and reducing loss of traction or skidding. These systems use sensors to monitor various parameters such as wheel speed, steering angle, and vehicle yaw rate. When the system detects a loss of traction or skidding, it automatically applies the brakes to individual wheels and adjusts engine power to help the driver regain control of the vehicle. Therefore, all of the options mentioned are correct answers for the question.

A regenerator is a high-temperature heat recovery device that is used to transfer heat from one fluid to another without mixing them. It works by storing heat in a solid material, such as a ceramic matrix, during one part of a cycle and then releasing it to another fluid during another part of the cycle. This allows for efficient heat transfer and can be used in various applications such as industrial processes, power plants, and HVAC systems.

A regenerator is a high-temperature heat recovery device that is used to capture and store heat from a hot gas stream and transfer it to a cold gas stream. It works by cyclically absorbing and releasing heat, allowing for efficient heat transfer between the two streams. This makes it an effective device for recovering waste heat and improving overall energy efficiency in various industrial processes. Heat pumps, heat pipes, and heat wheels are also heat transfer devices, but they are not specifically designed for high-temperature heat recovery like a regenerator.

Li-ion batteries have a specific power of 120 Wh/Kg. This means that for every kilogram of the battery's weight, it can provide 120 watt-hours of energy. This measurement is important because it indicates the energy density of the battery, which determines how long it can power a device. A higher specific power means that the battery can provide more energy for its weight, making it more efficient and long-lasting. Therefore, a specific power of 120 Wh/Kg is considered a desirable characteristic for Li-ion batteries.

The correct answer is "All of the above". The Air Bag Inflation system contains all the mentioned elements - NaN3, KNO, and SiO2. These elements react together to produce nitrogen gas, which is responsible for the inflation of the airbag. Sodium azide (NaN3) decomposes to produce nitrogen gas, potassium nitrate (KNO) provides oxygen to support the reaction, and silicon dioxide (SiO2) acts as a catalyst. Therefore, all these elements play a role in the inflation of the airbag.

An economizer is a device used to improve the efficiency of a boiler system by recovering heat from the flue gas. The heat recovered from the flue gas is utilized to preheat the boiler feed water. This preheating process helps to reduce the energy required to raise the temperature of the water to its desired level, thus saving fuel and improving overall efficiency. By preheating the boiler feed water, the economizer helps to conserve energy and reduce operating costs.

The correct answer is "Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles." This acronym, FAME, is used to represent the initiative taken by the Indian government to promote the adoption and manufacturing of electric and hybrid vehicles. The aim of this initiative is to accelerate the growth of the electric vehicle industry in India and reduce the country's dependence on fossil fuels.

The Mahindra Scorpio is an example of a micro-hybrid because it incorporates a start-stop system, which automatically shuts off the engine when the vehicle is stationary and restarts it when the driver releases the brake pedal. This feature helps to reduce fuel consumption and emissions, making it more environmentally friendly.

A hybrid vehicle does not have to be charged every 100 km. This statement is incorrect. Hybrid vehicles use a combination of an internal combustion engine and an electric motor to power the vehicle. The electric motor is charged by the engine and through regenerative braking, so it does not need to be charged externally like a fully electric vehicle. Therefore, the correct answer is that a hybrid vehicle does not have to be charged every 100 km.

Thermoelectric generators convert heat energy into electrical energy using the Seebeck effect. This effect occurs when there is a temperature difference between two different materials, causing a voltage to be generated. In order for this process to work efficiently, a material with good electrical conductivity and poor thermal conductivity is required. Semi-conducting materials, such as bismuth telluride or lead telluride, are commonly used in thermoelectric generators because they possess these desired properties. Therefore, the correct answer is semi-conducting material.

Alessandro Volta is credited with inventing the battery. He created the first true battery, known as the Voltaic Pile, in 1800. The Voltaic Pile consisted of alternating layers of zinc and copper discs separated by cardboard soaked in saltwater. This invention was a significant advancement in the field of electricity and laid the foundation for modern batteries. Volta's work paved the way for further developments in electrical energy storage and had a profound impact on the field of science and technology.

The Indian government unveiled the "National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP)" in 2013. This plan was introduced to promote the adoption of electric vehicles in the country and make a significant shift towards cleaner and sustainable transportation options.

A Hybrid Energy system consists of 2 or more renewable energy resources. This means that the system utilizes multiple sources of renewable energy, such as solar power, wind power, hydroelectric power, or geothermal power, to generate electricity. By combining different renewable energy sources, the system can maximize energy production and ensure a continuous and reliable power supply. Using multiple renewable energy resources also helps to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and minimize the environmental impact of energy generation.

A micro-hybrid system is primarily used for Start and Stop Technology. This technology allows the engine to automatically shut off when the vehicle is stationary, such as at a traffic light, and then restarts quickly when the driver releases the brake pedal. This helps to save fuel and reduce emissions, making it an efficient and environmentally friendly feature. However, a micro-hybrid system does not enable the vehicle to run solely on electric battery power or simultaneously use both the internal combustion engine and electric battery.

Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert the chemical energy of a fuel, such as hydrogen, into electrical energy. During this process, the fuel undergoes a reaction with oxygen from the air, resulting in the production of electricity and water as a byproduct. Therefore, the correct answer is water.

A steam trap is a valve designed to sense the difference between steam and condensate and drain the condensate from the line. It is specifically designed to prevent the loss of steam while efficiently removing condensate, ensuring the smooth operation of steam systems.

The correct answer is April 1, 2019. This means that the FAME II scheme, which stands for Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles in India, became effective from April 1, 2019. This scheme was implemented by the Indian government to promote the adoption of electric vehicles and reduce pollution.

The correct answer is 175 kg/h to 55000 kg/h. This range represents the steam generation capacity in process boilers, which can vary depending on the size and specifications of the boiler. The lower limit of 175 kg/h indicates the minimum capacity, while the upper limit of 55000 kg/h represents the maximum capacity of steam generation.

A hyperbolic cooling tower is designed to cool large amounts of water efficiently. The given answer, 480000 gallons of water per min, indicates that this type of cooling tower is capable of cooling a significant volume of water every minute. This high cooling capacity is necessary in industrial settings where large amounts of heat need to be dissipated from processes or equipment.

Lead acid batteries are commonly used for SLI (Starting, Lighting, and Ignition) applications. These batteries are known for their ability to provide high current for short periods of time, making them suitable for starting engines in vehicles. They are also widely used for providing power to the electrical systems and accessories in vehicles. Lead acid batteries are affordable, reliable, and have a long history of use in automotive applications, which makes them the preferred choice for SLI applications.

A heat pipe is a capillary wick structure. It consists of a sealed tube filled with a working fluid that transfers heat from one end to the other through the process of evaporation and condensation. The wick structure inside the heat pipe helps to transport the working fluid back to the evaporator section, allowing for efficient heat transfer. Heat pumps, heat wheels, and none of the above options are not capillary wick structures.

Sir William Robert Grove is the correct answer because he is credited with developing the first fuel cell in 1839. He used a platinum electrode and H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) as reactants in his fuel cell design. This invention laid the foundation for the development of modern fuel cells and contributed significantly to the understanding and advancement of electrochemistry.

The Seebeck effect is the correct answer because it is the principle on which the thermoelectric generator operates. This effect refers to the generation of an electric current when there is a temperature difference between two different materials or junctions. The Seebeck effect allows for the conversion of heat energy into electrical energy, which is the fundamental principle behind the functioning of a thermoelectric generator.

In Lead Acid Batteries, the electrolyte used is diluted sulfuric acid. This is because the electrolyte needs to be conductive to allow the flow of ions between the battery's electrodes, but using concentrated sulfuric acid would be too corrosive and dangerous. Diluting the sulfuric acid reduces its corrosiveness while still maintaining its conductivity, making it a suitable electrolyte for lead acid batteries.

A recuperator is used mainly as a waste heat recovery system in a billet reheating furnace. This means that it is specifically designed to capture and utilize the waste heat generated during the reheating process of billets. By using a recuperator, the waste heat can be recovered and used to preheat the incoming air or fuel, thereby improving the overall energy efficiency of the furnace. This helps to reduce energy consumption and operating costs, making it an ideal choice for billet reheating furnaces.

The primary advantage of an anti-lock braking system is that it prevents locking and skidding, even in slippery conditions. This is achieved by automatically modulating the brake pressure to each wheel, allowing the driver to maintain control and steer the vehicle while braking. Additionally, it allows for easier stopping by preventing the wheels from locking up, which can cause a loss of control and longer stopping distances. Therefore, the correct answer is that all of the above advantages are provided by an anti-lock braking system.

The correct answer is Plate heat exchanger. Plate heat exchangers are commonly used in the pressurizing section of a dairy plant. They are compact, efficient, and provide a large heat transfer area in a small footprint. This makes them ideal for applications where space is limited, such as in a dairy plant. Plate heat exchangers also offer good heat transfer performance and are easy to clean, making them suitable for the processing of dairy products. Shell and tube exchangers and run around coil exchangers may also be used in certain applications, but they are not typically used in the pressurizing section of a dairy plant.

Heat wheels are the most suitable device for a low to medium-temperature waste heat recovery system. Heat wheels, also known as rotary heat exchangers, are designed to transfer heat between two air streams. They are particularly effective in recovering waste heat from exhaust gases or other low-temperature heat sources. Heat wheels consist of a rotating wheel with heat-absorbing material that absorbs heat from one air stream and transfers it to another air stream. This makes them ideal for recovering waste heat and improving energy efficiency in low to medium-temperature applications.

The correct answer is Predictive Cruise Control. Predictive Cruise Control is a type of cruise control system that uses RADAR and GPS technology to anticipate and adjust the vehicle's speed based on upcoming road conditions, such as curves, hills, and speed limit changes. This system uses advanced algorithms and data analysis to provide a smooth and efficient driving experience, optimizing fuel efficiency and safety. Both Normal Cruise Control and Adaptive Cruise Control do not incorporate the predictive capabilities of the Predictive Cruise Control system.