English History - Preparation For Exam

The explanation for the correct answer is that the given statement is true. The phrase "to draw near", "to hold one's peace", "to come to a head" follow a pattern that is derived from the French language, even though the words themselves are in English. This suggests that the pattern or structure of these phrases has been influenced by the French language.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that the words "dinner" and "supper" are indeed French in origin. The word "dinner" comes from the Old French word "disner," meaning "to dine," while the word "supper" comes from the Old French word "souper," meaning "evening meal." These words were adopted into the English language from French and are still commonly used to refer to the main meal of the day, with "dinner" typically being used to refer to the midday meal and "supper" to refer to the evening meal.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that when both English and French words survived, they were typically given different meanings. This means that even though the words may have had a common origin, they developed distinct definitions in the two languages. An example of this is the words "doom" and "judgement," which have similar roots but are used to convey different concepts in English and French.

Latin borrowings terms relating to law, medicine, theology, science, and literature are often justified in the beginning by their technical or professional use. However, over time, these terms acquire a wider application and become more commonly used in everyday language. This is why the statement "Latin borrowings terms relating to law, medicine, theology, science, and literature, words often justified in the beginning by technical or professional use and later acquiring a wider application" is true. Latin terms have had a significant influence on various fields and continue to be used in a broader context beyond their original professional or technical use.

The explanation for the given correct answer (True) is that the passage states that the most influential factor in the rise of Standard English was the importance of London as the capital of England. It suggests that without any other factors, the language of the city would have become the prevailing dialect. Additionally, the passage mentions that complete uniformity in the language was not achieved until the 16th century. Therefore, based on this information, it can be inferred that the statement is true.

The adoption of the first Latin words can be attributed to the contact between Romans and Germanic tribes. This contact would have led to cultural exchange and linguistic influence, resulting in the incorporation of Latin words into the Germanic languages spoken by the tribes.

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The statement is true because the French words that were introduced into English as a result of the Norman Conquest have undergone changes over time and do not necessarily resemble their modern French counterparts. This is due to various factors such as linguistic evolution and influences from other languages.

The explanation for the answer "False" is that the statement in the question is incomplete and does not make sense. It mentions a study of the Low Dutch element in English considering some 10000, but it does not provide any clear information or context about what is being considered or studied. Therefore, it is not possible to determine if the statement is true or false based on the given information.

King Alfred made a start for reformation by restoring churches, founding monasteries, and spreading education. He played a significant role in revitalizing the church and promoting learning during his reign. His efforts in rebuilding churches and establishing monasteries helped to strengthen the religious institutions in England. Additionally, King Alfred's emphasis on education led to the establishment of schools and the translation of important texts into English, contributing to the spread of knowledge and intellectual development in the country.

During the Old English (OE) period, English experienced a third foreign influence, which was contact with Scandinavia. This contact occurred near the end of the OE period and had a significant impact on the English language. The Vikings from Scandinavia, specifically the Norsemen, invaded and settled in various parts of England, bringing with them their language, Old Norse. As a result, Old Norse words and grammatical structures were incorporated into the English language, leading to changes in vocabulary and syntax. This Scandinavian influence is evident in many English words that have Norse origins, such as "sky," "knife," and "window."

The recognition between the Old English and borrowed words of Scandinavian origin can be identified through the sk, k, ei sound. This suggests that words with these sounds are likely to have been borrowed from Scandinavian languages and incorporated into Old English.

Both answers are correct because Old English contains words that were learned through everyday contact with the Anglo-Saxons and words that were introduced by Irish missionaries. The Anglo-Saxons had frequent contact with the Celtic-speaking Britons, and as a result, some Celtic words entered the Old English vocabulary. Additionally, Irish missionaries played a significant role in spreading Christianity and literacy in Anglo-Saxon England, bringing with them Latin loanwords and Celtic words that were incorporated into Old English. Therefore, both sources contributed to the presence of Celtic words in Old English.

During the Middle English period, significant changes occurred in the English language, particularly in grammar and vocabulary. Old English grammar, with its complex inflections, started to simplify, leading to the emergence of a more analytic grammar. Additionally, the vocabulary expanded due to the influence of French and Latin, resulting in a richer and more diverse lexicon. These changes in grammar and vocabulary laid the foundation for the development of Modern English. The other options, pronunciation and English literature, were also influenced during this period, but to a lesser extent compared to grammar and vocabulary.

The statement is true because during the Middle English period, the English language had significant regional variations, which resulted in the development of four principal dialects: Northern, East Midland, West Midland, and Southern. These dialects were influenced by various factors such as geography, social class, and historical events. The existence of these distinct dialects is well-documented in Middle English literature and provides evidence of the linguistic diversity during that time.

The Midland dialect became a foundation for standard English because it occupied a middle position between the extreme divergences of the north and south. This allowed it to compromise the neighboring dialect differences and create a more uniform language. Additionally, the Midland district was the largest and most populous of the major dialect areas, further solidifying its influence on the development of standard English.

The correct answer is both answers are correct. This means that both statements, "many of them were from the lower class" and "associated with the church," are true. The French words that appeared in English before 1250 were indeed from the lower class and had a connection to the church.

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This answer suggests that in Middle English, the grammar of English changed from being highly inflected (having many grammatical endings and markers) to becoming extremely analytical (using word order and auxiliary verbs to indicate grammatical relationships). This shift in grammar resulted in a reduction of inflections and an increase in the use of word order and auxiliary verbs to convey meaning.

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This statement is not accurate. While it is true that the Norman Conquest of England in 1066 brought French influence to the English language, not all Old English words disappeared or were replaced by French equivalents. Many Old English words are still in use today, although they may have undergone changes in spelling or pronunciation. Additionally, the English language continued to evolve and borrow words from other languages over time, not solely from French. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

The correct answer is "the least of the early influences that affected the English language." This means that the Celtic influence had the smallest impact compared to other early influences on the English language.

The correct answer is "By the ending –by of the place (Grimsby, Derby, Whitby)". Scandinavian place-names often end with the suffix "-by", which means "village" or "farmstead" in Old Norse. This distinguishes them from place-names ending in "-on" or "-ham", which have different origins or meanings.

The correct answer is Celtic, Latin, Scandinavian. Celtic was one of the first languages to come into contact with early English due to the Celtic tribes that inhabited the British Isles. Latin also had a significant influence on early English, especially through the Roman occupation of Britain. Scandinavian languages, specifically Old Norse, were introduced to England through the Viking invasions and had a lasting impact on the English language. Romanian, on the other hand, was not one of the first languages to be in contact with early English, making it an incorrect option.

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The most reliable evidence to decide about the date at which a word was borrowed is its phonetic form. The phonetic form of a word refers to its pronunciation and sound structure. When a word is borrowed from one language to another, it often undergoes changes in its phonetic form over time. By analyzing the phonetic form of a word, linguists can determine its historical development and trace its origins. This makes phonetic form a crucial piece of evidence in determining the date of word borrowing.

The statement suggests that none of the Old English words survive till today, but this is not true. While many Old English words have indeed been replaced or evolved over time, there are still several Old English words that are still in use today. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

During the Middle English period, the total number of French words adopted was not slightly over 50,000.

The statement is true because the Norman Conquest refers to the invasion and occupation of England by the Normans in 1066. This event had a significant impact on the English language, introducing a large number of French words and phrases into the English vocabulary. The influence of the Norman Conquest is often referred to as the Latin Influence of the Third Period because the French language at that time was heavily influenced by Latin. Therefore, the statement accurately acknowledges the Norman Conquest as the source of the new French words in English.

The statement suggests that new French words were easily integrated into English and blended well with the existing language. This implies that English speakers were able to adopt and incorporate these words seamlessly, indicating a natural fusion between the two languages. Therefore, the statement is true.

In early Middle English, there were two distinct methods of indicating plural forms. The first method was to add -s or -es to the end of a word, which was derived from the strong masculine declension. The second method was to add -en to the end of a word, which was derived from the weak declension. These two methods were the most commonly used ways to indicate plural forms during that time period.

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The correct answer is "that were recorded before the 10th century." This is because the period of continental borrowing refers to a time when languages borrowed words from each other, particularly in Europe. The borrowing occurred before the 10th century, as indicated by the answer option.

The correct answer is 2 because the question mentions that stages can be observed in the movement of French influence. Since the answer options are numbers, it can be inferred that these numbers represent the stages. Out of the given options, 2 is the only number that matches with the answer.

The statement is false because the 13th and 14th centuries were not particularly prolific in Latin borrowings. Latin borrowings were more common during earlier centuries, such as the 11th and 12th centuries, when Latin was still widely used in various fields such as science, religion, and law. However, during the 13th and 14th centuries, there was a shift towards vernacular languages and a decline in the use of Latin, leading to fewer Latin borrowings during this time period.

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The pronouns "they, their, them" were introduced in Old English from Scandinavian. These pronouns are used to refer to a group of people or things, indicating a plural subject or object. In Old English, the influence of Scandinavian languages led to the adoption of these pronouns, which are still commonly used in modern English.

In 597, Britain was Christianized. This means that Christianity was introduced and established as the dominant religion in Britain during this time.

In Middle English, the dual number, which is a grammatical number used to indicate two of something, was lost. This means that Middle English did not have a specific form or ending to indicate when there were only two of something. This is a significant change from Old English, where the dual number was used.

"Šventasis Raštas" is a Lithuanian phrase that translates to "Holy Writ" in English. This term is commonly used to refer to the Bible, which is considered a sacred and authoritative text in Christianity. "Bible" and "Holy Paper" are not accurate translations for "Šventasis Raštas," so the correct answer is "Holy Writ."

In the 10th century, the decline in the church had a negative impact on its moral values. As a result, immorality became widespread and openly displayed. This suggests that there was a lack of moral conduct and ethical behavior within the church during this time period.

Athelwold is the correct answer because he is known for preparing a version of the Benedictine Rule called the Concordia Regularis. Athelwold was an English bishop and reformer who played a significant role in the revival of monasticism in England during the 10th century. The Concordia Regularis was a compilation of monastic regulations and practices that aimed to restore discipline and spirituality within the monastic communities. Athelwold's efforts in promoting the Benedictine Rule and his work on the Concordia Regularis had a lasting impact on the development of monasticism in England.

The statement suggests that the cultural and intellectual interests of the ruling class are reflected in words related to fashion and dress. However, this is not necessarily true. While the ruling class may have some influence on fashion trends and standards, it does not mean that their cultural and intellectual interests are solely reflected in this aspect. Fashion and dress can be influenced by various factors such as social, economic, and cultural influences from different classes and groups in society. Therefore, the statement is false.

Latin had influence in forming English place-names such as Manchester, Doncaster, Gloucester.

The origin of the present plural 'are' of the verb to be is the Danes.

Chaucer's importance was not paramount among the influences bringing about the adoption of a spoken standard.

The explanation for the given answer, False, is that the statement claims that English has an antonym at each level - popular, literary, and learned. However, this statement is incorrect as English does not necessarily have an antonym at each level. While English does have a wide range of synonyms due to the influence of Latin, French, and native elements, the presence of antonyms at each level is not a defining characteristic of the language.

During the period after 1250, French influence had a significant impact on various aspects of society. This influence extended to fashion, as French styles and trends became popular and influential. Additionally, French cuisine and culinary practices were adopted and integrated into the social and cultural fabric. Lastly, French influence also extended to social life, shaping societal norms and behaviors. Therefore, it can be concluded that words related to fashion, food, and social life accurately represent the impact of French influence during this period.

The statement is false because it claims that the French borrowings died out after the Norman Conquest, which is not true. In fact, many French words that came into use after the conquest have remained in the English language and are still used today.