1.
Which theory of emotion has been discredited based on people who have experienced spinal cord injuries still experiencing emotion?
Correct Answer
B. James-Lange theory
Explanation
The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that our emotions are a result of our physiological responses to stimuli. However, this theory has been discredited because people who have experienced spinal cord injuries and therefore have limited physiological responses still experience emotions. This suggests that physiological responses are not necessary for the experience of emotions, contradicting the James-Lange theory.
2.
Jimmy laughed hysterically at a funny scene in a movie; however, no one else in the theatre laughed. Which theory of emotion explains why Jimmy was the only person to laugh?
Correct Answer
E. Cognitive mediational theory
Explanation
The cognitive mediational theory suggests that emotions are determined by our interpretation and evaluation of a situation. In this case, Jimmy's interpretation of the scene in the movie as funny led to his emotional response of laughing. The theory emphasizes the role of cognitive processes in shaping emotions, which explains why Jimmy was the only person to laugh while others in the theatre did not interpret the scene in the same way.
3.
Jimmy just finished the Detroit marathon and is elated with excitement. As he walked over to his girlfriend, who he has not known for very long, he immediately tells her that he loves her. Later that day, Jimmy realized that he made a mistake by telling his girlfriend that he was in love with her. His dad later explained that all of the excitement of finishing the marathon must have confused him. Which theory of emotion does this provide a problem for?
Correct Answer
C. Two-factor theory
Explanation
The Two-factor theory proposes that emotions are a result of both physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal. In this scenario, Jimmy's excitement from finishing the marathon led him to interpret his physical arousal as love for his girlfriend. However, upon reflection, he realized that his feelings were likely influenced by the intense emotions he experienced during the marathon, rather than genuine love. This challenges the Two-factor theory because it suggests that emotions can be misattributed or misinterpreted based on the context and intensity of physiological arousal.
4.
Jimmy almost hit the car next to him, which caused his _________ nervous system to become active, elevating his heart rate and respiration; however, once he avoided the car next to him, the _________ nervous system allowed his body to calm down.
Correct Answer
E. Sympathetic; parasympathetic
Explanation
When Jimmy almost hit the car next to him, his sympathetic nervous system became active, causing an increase in his heart rate and respiration. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response in stressful situations. However, once Jimmy avoided the car, his parasympathetic nervous system kicked in, allowing his body to calm down. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "rest and digest" response, which helps to restore normal bodily functions after a stressful event.
5.
Which area of the brain is involved in the recognition of facial expressions and the proper emotion?
Correct Answer
C. Amygdala
Explanation
The amygdala is involved in the recognition of facial expressions and the proper emotion. It plays a crucial role in processing and interpreting emotional stimuli, including facial expressions. The amygdala helps in identifying and responding to various emotions, such as fear, happiness, and anger, by connecting sensory information from the visual cortex with emotional responses. This area of the brain is responsible for the quick and automatic processing of facial expressions, allowing us to understand and react to the emotions expressed by others.
6.
Emotion is the result of the brain's interpretation of a stimulus and simultaneously changes within the body. This is described in the
Correct Answer
A. Cannon-Bard theory
Explanation
The Cannon-Bard theory states that emotions are experienced when the brain interprets a stimulus and simultaneously triggers both physiological changes in the body and the subjective experience of emotion. According to this theory, the physiological response and the emotional experience occur simultaneously and independently of each other. This is in contrast to the James-Lange theory, which suggests that emotions are the result of physiological responses in the body, and the Two-factor theory, which proposes that emotions are a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The Cognitive mediational theory and Facial feedback theory also offer different explanations for the relationship between stimuli, physiological response, and emotional experience.
7.
Damage to the _________ hemisphere could cause an inability to recognize and interpret emotions.
Correct Answer
B. Right
Explanation
Damage to the right hemisphere of the brain can cause an inability to recognize and interpret emotions. The right hemisphere is responsible for processing emotions and facial expressions, so if it is damaged, a person may struggle to understand and respond appropriately to emotional cues. This can result in difficulties in social interactions and emotional communication.
8.
As Jimmy meets his blind date for the first time, he becomes extremely happy as a result of his brain interpreting the girl as attractive and his heart starting to pound at the same time. This encounter is explained through which theory of emotion?
Correct Answer
A. Cannon-Bard theory
Explanation
The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion suggests that emotions and physiological responses occur simultaneously and independently of each other. In this scenario, Jimmy's brain interprets the girl as attractive, triggering feelings of happiness, while his heart starts pounding, indicating a physiological response. According to the Cannon-Bard theory, these emotional and physiological experiences happen simultaneously, supporting the explanation for Jimmy's extreme happiness and increased heart rate upon meeting his blind date.
9.
Jimmy knew why his heart started to pound as he was experiencing fear from not knowing an example on the exam he was taking. Which theory of emotion described this situation?
Correct Answer
C. Two-factor theory
Explanation
The Two-factor theory of emotion suggests that emotions are a result of a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. In this situation, Jimmy's heart pounding is the physiological arousal, and his fear is the cognitive interpretation of that arousal. According to the Two-factor theory, the combination of these two factors leads to his experience of fear.
10.
Which theory of emotion suggests that emotions are the result of physiological changes in the body?
Correct Answer
D. James-Lange theory
Explanation
The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions are the result of physiological changes in the body. According to this theory, our emotional experience is a direct result of the bodily responses that occur in response to a stimulus. In other words, we feel emotions because we first experience physiological changes such as increased heart rate, sweating, or trembling. This theory proposes that our interpretation of these bodily changes leads to the experience of a specific emotion. For example, if we notice our heart racing and trembling, we may interpret these changes as fear.