Electrolytes And Acid Base Balance

1. Normal Range for Sodium is what value?

3.0-4.5

136-145

9.0-10.5

The normal range for sodium is 136-145. This range represents the typical levels of sodium found in the blood. Sodium is an essential electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance in the body. Levels outside of this range can indicate an imbalance, which may have various health implications.

Explanation

The normal range for sodium is 136-145. This range represents the typical levels of sodium found in the blood. Sodium is an essential electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance in the body. Levels outside of this range can indicate an imbalance, which may have various health implications.

2. What is the major cation in extracellular fluid (90%)?

Sodium is the major cation in extracellular fluid, making up approximately 90% of the total cations. It plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. Sodium ions are responsible for regulating osmotic pressure and maintaining the proper distribution of water throughout the body. Additionally, sodium is involved in the transmission of electrical signals in the nervous system.

Explanation

Sodium is the major cation in extracellular fluid, making up approximately 90% of the total cations. It plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. Sodium ions are responsible for regulating osmotic pressure and maintaining the proper distribution of water throughout the body. Additionally, sodium is involved in the transmission of electrical signals in the nervous system.

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3. Potassium is responsible for:

Maintaning weight

Maintaining heartbeat

Buildng muscle mass

plays a key role in cardiac muscle contraction and electrical conductivity. it is vital for proper cardiac function

Explanation

plays a key role in cardiac muscle contraction and electrical conductivity. it is vital for proper cardiac function

4. 98-106 mEq/L is the normal range for what electrolyte?

The normal range for chloride in the body is 98-106 mEq/L. Chloride is an electrolyte that helps maintain the balance of fluids in the body and is important for proper nerve and muscle function. It is commonly found in table salt and is obtained through the diet. An imbalance in chloride levels can lead to various health issues such as dehydration, acid-base imbalances, and kidney problems. Therefore, chloride falls within the normal range of 98-106 mEq/L.

Explanation

The normal range for chloride in the body is 98-106 mEq/L. Chloride is an electrolyte that helps maintain the balance of fluids in the body and is important for proper nerve and muscle function. It is commonly found in table salt and is obtained through the diet. An imbalance in chloride levels can lead to various health issues such as dehydration, acid-base imbalances, and kidney problems. Therefore, chloride falls within the normal range of 98-106 mEq/L.

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5. Normal Range for magnesium is 1.3-2.1

True

False

The statement "Normal Range for magnesium is 1.3-2.1" is true. The normal range for magnesium in the body is generally considered to be between 1.3 to 2.1 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). This range is used as a guideline to assess the magnesium levels in the blood and determine if they are within the normal range.

Explanation

The statement "Normal Range for magnesium is 1.3-2.1" is true. The normal range for magnesium in the body is generally considered to be between 1.3 to 2.1 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). This range is used as a guideline to assess the magnesium levels in the blood and determine if they are within the normal range.

6. If your patieondary?nt has hyperphosphatemia, what other electrolyte disturbance may come sec

Hypocalcemia

Hyperkalemia

Hypernatremia

Hyperphosphatemia refers to an elevated level of phosphate in the blood. Phosphate and calcium have an inverse relationship, meaning that when phosphate levels are high, calcium levels tend to be low. This is because high phosphate levels can cause calcium to bind with phosphate, resulting in decreased free calcium levels in the blood. Therefore, if a patient has hyperphosphatemia, it is likely that they may also have hypocalcemia, which is a low level of calcium in the blood.

Explanation

Hyperphosphatemia refers to an elevated level of phosphate in the blood. Phosphate and calcium have an inverse relationship, meaning that when phosphate levels are high, calcium levels tend to be low. This is because high phosphate levels can cause calcium to bind with phosphate, resulting in decreased free calcium levels in the blood. Therefore, if a patient has hyperphosphatemia, it is likely that they may also have hypocalcemia, which is a low level of calcium in the blood.

7. The normal range for Phosphorus is 3.5-5.0 mEq/L

True

False

This is the value for potassium

Explanation

This is the value for potassium

8. You are told you patient has a positive Chvostek's sign. What would you expect the lab reports to reveal?

A total serum calcium level above 8.9

An ionized calcium level above 5.3

A total serum calcium level below 8.9

Chvostek's sign is a clinical sign indicating hypocalcemia, which is a low level of calcium in the blood. Therefore, it is expected that the lab reports would reveal a total serum calcium level below 8.9.

Explanation

Chvostek's sign is a clinical sign indicating hypocalcemia, which is a low level of calcium in the blood. Therefore, it is expected that the lab reports would reveal a total serum calcium level below 8.9.

9. Which Electrolyte helps maintain Acid Base balance and carbon dioxide transport in red blood cells?

Chloride

Potassium

Magnesium

Chloride is the correct answer because it helps maintain the acid-base balance in the body by regulating the pH levels. It also plays a crucial role in carbon dioxide transport in red blood cells, as it helps maintain the electrical neutrality of the cells during the exchange of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate ions. Additionally, chloride ions are important for maintaining proper fluid balance and nerve function in the body.

Explanation

Chloride is the correct answer because it helps maintain the acid-base balance in the body by regulating the pH levels. It also plays a crucial role in carbon dioxide transport in red blood cells, as it helps maintain the electrical neutrality of the cells during the exchange of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate ions. Additionally, chloride ions are important for maintaining proper fluid balance and nerve function in the body.

10. A patient is Dx with hypermagnesemia, to treat this the doctor is likely to order:

Oral and IV fluids

Magnesium citrate

Potassium sparing diuretics

To treat hypermagnesemia, the doctor is likely to order oral and IV fluids. This is because increasing fluid intake helps to dilute the excess magnesium in the body and promote its excretion through urine. Hydration is an effective way to lower magnesium levels and restore the electrolyte balance. Magnesium citrate, a magnesium-containing laxative, would not be suitable as it can further increase magnesium levels. Potassium sparing diuretics are not typically used for hypermagnesemia treatment as they primarily focus on regulating potassium levels, not magnesium.

Explanation

To treat hypermagnesemia, the doctor is likely to order oral and IV fluids. This is because increasing fluid intake helps to dilute the excess magnesium in the body and promote its excretion through urine. Hydration is an effective way to lower magnesium levels and restore the electrolyte balance. Magnesium citrate, a magnesium-containing laxative, would not be suitable as it can further increase magnesium levels. Potassium sparing diuretics are not typically used for hypermagnesemia treatment as they primarily focus on regulating potassium levels, not magnesium.

11. What is the normal range for phosphorus?

The normal range for phosphorus is 3.0-4.5. This range indicates the typical levels of phosphorus that are considered to be within a healthy range in the body. Phosphorus is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, such as bone health, energy production, and DNA synthesis. Deviations from this normal range can indicate certain health conditions or imbalances in the body.

Explanation

The normal range for phosphorus is 3.0-4.5. This range indicates the typical levels of phosphorus that are considered to be within a healthy range in the body. Phosphorus is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, such as bone health, energy production, and DNA synthesis. Deviations from this normal range can indicate certain health conditions or imbalances in the body.

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12. Which are s/s HYPOkalemia?

Decreased bowel sounds

Anorexia

Hypotension

Paralysis

Bradycardia

Decreased DTRs

Irregular pulse rate

S/S stands for signs and symptoms. Hypokalemia refers to low levels of potassium in the blood. The given symptoms and signs are commonly associated with hypokalemia. Decreased bowel sounds can occur due to decreased muscle activity in the intestines. Anorexia, or loss of appetite, can be a result of electrolyte imbalances. Paralysis can occur in severe cases of hypokalemia due to muscle weakness. Decreased deep tendon reflexes (DTRs) can be a sign of neuromuscular abnormalities. Therefore, all of these symptoms are indicative of hypokalemia.

Explanation

S/S stands for signs and symptoms. Hypokalemia refers to low levels of potassium in the blood. The given symptoms and signs are commonly associated with hypokalemia. Decreased bowel sounds can occur due to decreased muscle activity in the intestines. Anorexia, or loss of appetite, can be a result of electrolyte imbalances. Paralysis can occur in severe cases of hypokalemia due to muscle weakness. Decreased deep tendon reflexes (DTRs) can be a sign of neuromuscular abnormalities. Therefore, all of these symptoms are indicative of hypokalemia.

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