Electrolytes And Acid Base Balance
FIll in the blank and define terms
Questions and Answers
- 1.
What is the major cation in extracellular fluid (90%)?
Explanation
Sodium is the major cation in extracellular fluid, making up approximately 90% of the total cations. It plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. Sodium ions are responsible for regulating osmotic pressure and maintaining the proper distribution of water throughout the body. Additionally, sodium is involved in the transmission of electrical signals in the nervous system.Rate this question:
- 2.
Which Electrolyte helps maintain Acid Base balance and carbon dioxide transport in red blood cells?
- A.
Chloride
- B.
Potassium
- C.
Magnesium
Correct Answer
A. ChlorideExplanation
Chloride is the correct answer because it helps maintain the acid-base balance in the body by regulating the pH levels. It also plays a crucial role in carbon dioxide transport in red blood cells, as it helps maintain the electrical neutrality of the cells during the exchange of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate ions. Additionally, chloride ions are important for maintaining proper fluid balance and nerve function in the body.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The normal range for Phosphorus is 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
This is the value for potassiumRate this question:
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- 4.
98-106 mEq/L is the normal range for what electrolyte?
Correct Answer
ChlorideExplanation
The normal range for chloride in the body is 98-106 mEq/L. Chloride is an electrolyte that helps maintain the balance of fluids in the body and is important for proper nerve and muscle function. It is commonly found in table salt and is obtained through the diet. An imbalance in chloride levels can lead to various health issues such as dehydration, acid-base imbalances, and kidney problems. Therefore, chloride falls within the normal range of 98-106 mEq/L.Rate this question:
- 5.
Normal Range for Sodium is what value?
- A.
3.0-4.5
- B.
136-145
- C.
9.0-10.5
Correct Answer
B. 136-145Explanation
The normal range for sodium is 136-145. This range represents the typical levels of sodium found in the blood. Sodium is an essential electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance in the body. Levels outside of this range can indicate an imbalance, which may have various health implications.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Normal Range for magnesium is 1.3-2.1
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement "Normal Range for magnesium is 1.3-2.1" is true. The normal range for magnesium in the body is generally considered to be between 1.3 to 2.1 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). This range is used as a guideline to assess the magnesium levels in the blood and determine if they are within the normal range.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What is the normal range for phosphorus?
Correct Answer
3.0-4.5Explanation
The normal range for phosphorus is 3.0-4.5. This range indicates the typical levels of phosphorus that are considered to be within a healthy range in the body. Phosphorus is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, such as bone health, energy production, and DNA synthesis. Deviations from this normal range can indicate certain health conditions or imbalances in the body.Rate this question:
- 8.
Which are s/s HYPOkalemia?
- A.
Decreased bowel sounds
- B.
Anorexia
- C.
Hypotension
- D.
Paralysis
- E.
Bradycardia
- F.
Decreased DTRs
- G.
Irregular pulse rate
Correct Answer(s)
A. Decreased bowel sounds
B. Anorexia
D. Paralysis
F. Decreased DTRsExplanation
S/S stands for signs and symptoms. Hypokalemia refers to low levels of potassium in the blood. The given symptoms and signs are commonly associated with hypokalemia. Decreased bowel sounds can occur due to decreased muscle activity in the intestines. Anorexia, or loss of appetite, can be a result of electrolyte imbalances. Paralysis can occur in severe cases of hypokalemia due to muscle weakness. Decreased deep tendon reflexes (DTRs) can be a sign of neuromuscular abnormalities. Therefore, all of these symptoms are indicative of hypokalemia.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Potassium is responsible for:
- A.
Maintaning weight
- B.
Maintaining heartbeat
- C.
Buildng muscle mass
Correct Answer
B. Maintaining heartbeatExplanation
plays a key role in cardiac muscle contraction and electrical conductivity. it is vital for proper cardiac functionRate this question:
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- 10.
A patient is Dx with hypermagnesemia, to treat this the doctor is likely to order:
- A.
Oral and IV fluids
- B.
Magnesium citrate
- C.
Potassium sparing diuretics
Correct Answer
A. Oral and IV fluidsExplanation
To treat hypermagnesemia, the doctor is likely to order oral and IV fluids. This is because increasing fluid intake helps to dilute the excess magnesium in the body and promote its excretion through urine. Hydration is an effective way to lower magnesium levels and restore the electrolyte balance. Magnesium citrate, a magnesium-containing laxative, would not be suitable as it can further increase magnesium levels. Potassium sparing diuretics are not typically used for hypermagnesemia treatment as they primarily focus on regulating potassium levels, not magnesium.Rate this question:
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- 11.
You are told you patient has a positive Chvostek's sign. What would you expect the lab reports to reveal?
- A.
A total serum calcium level above 8.9
- B.
An ionized calcium level above 5.3
- C.
A total serum calcium level below 8.9
Correct Answer
C. A total serum calcium level below 8.9Explanation
Chvostek's sign is a clinical sign indicating hypocalcemia, which is a low level of calcium in the blood. Therefore, it is expected that the lab reports would reveal a total serum calcium level below 8.9.Rate this question:
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- 12.
If your patieondary?nt has hyperphosphatemia, what other electrolyte disturbance may come sec
- A.
Hypocalcemia
- B.
Hyperkalemia
- C.
Hypernatremia
Correct Answer
A. HypocalcemiaExplanation
Hyperphosphatemia refers to an elevated level of phosphate in the blood. Phosphate and calcium have an inverse relationship, meaning that when phosphate levels are high, calcium levels tend to be low. This is because high phosphate levels can cause calcium to bind with phosphate, resulting in decreased free calcium levels in the blood. Therefore, if a patient has hyperphosphatemia, it is likely that they may also have hypocalcemia, which is a low level of calcium in the blood.Rate this question:
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