Fluids And Electrolytes Quiz Questions And Answers
These are questions from previous MedSurg tests.
- 1.The patient has scabies. In addition to standard precautions, which information is most important to communicate to visitors and health care providers?
- A.
Do not allow children to visit
- B.
Wear gloves when entering the room
- C.
Wear a mask when within 3 feet of the patient
- D.
Keep head covered when providing patient care
- 2.Which patient is at greatest risk for the development of hyperkalemia?
- A.
60 year old man with heart failure using a salt substitute
- B.
60 year old woman taking a thiazide diuretic for hypertension
- C.
40 year old woman taking NSAIDs daily for rheumatoid arthritis
- D.
40 year old man with type 2 diabetes taking an oral antidiabetic agent
- 3.Which characteristics are common to all types of hypersensitivity reactions?
- A.
Decreased inflammatory responses
- B.
Presence of tissue damaging reactions
- C.
Enhances natural killer cell activity
- D.
Inability to recognize extraneous cells
- 4.The patient's radiation implant has become dislodged overnight, and the nurse finds it in the patient's bed. What will the nurse do first?
- A.
Asses the patient's mental status
- B.
Use tongs to place the implant into the radiation container
- C.
Notify the physician and move the patient to a different room
- D.
Don gloves and attempt to reposition the implant and position-holding device
- 5.The nurse is instructing the patient about management of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). Which statement indicates that the patient needs additional teaching?
- A.
I will be sure to apply sunscreen whenever I am outside
- B.
I will apply small amounts of the steroid cream to my face twice a day
- C.
I will take the Plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine sulfate) with breakfast each morning
- D.
I will wash my hands often and get a flu shot because the steroids will weaken my immune system
- 6.The nurse notes that the handgrip of the patient with hypokalemia has dimished since the previous assessment 1 hour ago. What is the nurse's first best action?
- A.
Assess the patient's rate, rhythm, and depth of respiration
- B.
Measure the patient's pulse and blood pressure
- C.
Document the findings as the only action
- D.
Call the emergency team
- 7.Which community-dwelling healthy person has the greatest risk for dehydration when exposed to a hot, dry enviornment for several hours?
- A.
50 year old man
- B.
50 year old woman
- C.
80 year old man
- D.
80 year old woman
- 8.The patient is taking a medication for an endocrine problem that inhibits aldosterone secretion and release. For what complications of this therapy should the nurse be alert?
- A.
Dehydration, hypokalemia
- B.
Dehydration, hyperkalemia
- C.
Overhydration, hyponatremia
- D.
Overhydration, hypernatremia
- 9.A patient has angioedema of the lower face. what will the nurse assess next?
- A.
Pulse oximetry
- B.
Airway patency
- C.
Breath sounds
- D.
Chest wall symmetry
- 10.How do the white blood cells know to respond to the site of an injury?
- A.
Antibodies from damaged tissues attract the white blood cells to the site of the injury
- B.
Enzymes released from bacteria attract white blood cells to the site
- C.
Histamine then filters white blood cells into the injured area
- D.
Chemotaxins draw white blood cells to the area
- 11.An African-American woman had a breast biopsy 1 year ago. The incision site is elevated, dark, and protruding. Which is the nurse's interpretations for these findings?
- A.
The patient has formed a keloid
- B.
There is a high probability that skin cancer has developed
- C.
The benign breast disease has undergone malignant transformation
- D.
Chronic inflammatory of deep infection has occured
- 12.A patient presents with painful, inflamed fingers with small, hard, yellow nodules that have sandy yellow drainage. Which medication will the nurse prepare to administer?
- A.
Lasix (Furosemide)
- B.
Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
- C.
Methotrexate (Rheumatrex)
- D.
Aspirin (acetysalicylic acid)
- 13.Which intervention is mose important for the nurse to teach the patient who is recovering from an allergic reaction to a bee sting?
- A.
How to use an Epi Pen
- B.
Obtaining and wearing a medical alert bracelet
- C.
Avoiding direct contact with the offending allergen
- D.
Keeping diphendydramine available
- 14.Which patient is at greatest risk for pressure ulcer development?
- A.
Patient who has pneumonia
- B.
Patient who requires assistance with ambulation
- C.
Older patient with hypertension
- D.
Incontinent patient with limited mobility
- 15.The patient has dry skin and a history of cardiovascular disease. Which is the best intervention for the nurse to teach the patient?
- A.
Wear pajamas to cover your legs at night
- B.
Avoid wearing stockings
- C.
Increase your fluid intake to 3 L per day
- D.
Bathe in warm water and then apply lotion immediately.
- 16.The nurse is instructing the patient about the management of systemic sclerosis. Which statement indicates that the patient needs additional teaching?
- A.
I will let my doctor know right away if I develop a fever
- B.
I will use ice packs to help relieve the aching pain in my hips and knees
- C.
I will put mittens on when I am in the freezer section of the grocery store
- D.
I will apply a rich moisturizer to my skin every morning after my shower
- 17.Which laboratory result indicates hyperkalemia?
- A.
Serum potassium level of 3.8 mEq/L
- B.
Serum potassium level of 7.8 mEq/L
- C.
Serum sodium level of 138 mEq/L
- D.
Serum sodium level of 148 mEq/L
- 18.The patient with hypermagnesemia has a blood pressure of 90/40, compared with the 108/80 reading obtained 1 hour earlier. What is the nurse's best first action?
- A.
Assess bowel sounds and measure abdominal girth
- B.
Increase the intravenous infusion rate
- C.
Document the finding as the only action
- D.
Notify the emergency team
- 19.What is the priority nursing diagnosis for the patient experiencing chemotherapy-induced anemia?
- A.
Risk for Injury related to poor blood clotting
- B.
Fatigue related to decreased cellular oxygenation
- C.
Disturbed Body Image related to skin color changes
- D.
Imbalanced Nutrition, Less than Body Requirements related to anorexia
- 20.What intervention will the nurse implement to provide for patient safety during intradermal allergy testing?
- A.
Ensure that emergency equipment is in the room
- B.
Pretreat the skin area to be tested with a cortisone-based cream
- C.
Apply oxygen by mask or nasal cannula before injecting the test again
- D.
Cover the examination table and pillow with plastic or an ultrafine mesh
- 21.When taking the blood pressure of a very ill patient, the nurse observes that the patient's hand undergoes flexion contractions. what is the nurse's best first action?
- A.
Place the patient in the high-Fowlers position and increase the IV flow rate
- B.
Deflate the blood pressure cuff and give the patient oxygen
- C.
Document the finding as the only action
- D.
Notify the emergency team
- 22.The nurse is told that a patient has been admitted whi is infected with measles (rubeola). How will the nurse begin to plan for the patient's care?
- A.
Implementation of contact precautions
- B.
Implementation of airborne precautions
- C.
Implementation of droplet precautions
- D.
Implementation of reverse isolation
- 23.A patient has numerous skin lesions. Which one will the nurse evaluate first?
- A.
Beige freckles on the backs of both hands
- B.
Irregular blue mole with white specks on the lower leg
- C.
Large cluster of pustules in the right axilla
- D.
Raised, tubular, white, snake-like areas on the inner aspects of the wrists
- 24.Prior to discharge, the nurse confirms that the patient understands antibiotic therapy for a wound infection by which statement?
- A.
I should take the antibiotic until my temperature is normal
- B.
If my temperature elevates, I should increase my dose of antibiotic
- C.
In my drainage is clear, I do not need the antibiotic
- D.
I need to take the medication until the prescription is finished
- 25.When evaluating the hydration status, the nurse observes tenting of the skin on the back of the 87-year old patients hand when testing skin turgor. What is the nurse's best action?
- A.
Notify the physician
- B.
Examine dependent body areas
- C.
Assess turgor on the patient's forehead
- D.
Document the finding as the only action
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