EKG Tech Cardiac Anatomy And Physiology

The heart is made up of three layers: the epicardium, myocardium and the _____

• Echocardium

• Aortic lining

• Endocardium

The fibrous and serous pericardium layers are seperated by a thin, clear liquid called pericardial fluid.

• True

• False

In the depolarization cycle, ions cross the cell membrane after a stimulus occurs, causing an 'action potential', or cell depolarization.

• True

• False

Bradycardia means rapid heart rate while Tachycardia indicates a resting state.

• True

• False

During one heartbeat. ventricular diastole and ventricular systole occur.

• True

• False

Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected with each ventricular contraction.

• True

• False

This is considered the hearts main pacemaker:

• AV Node

• Bundle branches

• Internodal tract

• SA Node

The semilunar valves include the aortic and the _______.

The mitral valve has two cusps and the tricuspid valve has three.

• True

• False

The left coronary branches off into the left anterior descending and the left circumflex arteries.

• True

• False

Cardiac output refers to the amount of blood pumped by the ventricles in

• 60 beats

• 1 minute

• 24 hour cycle

Cardiac output is measured by multiplying _____________ by stroke volume.

Norepinephrine and epinephrine increase heart rate, automaticity, AV conduction and contractility.

• True

• False

Atrial fibrillation can cause a loss of atrial kick and cardiac output.

• True

• False

When the left ventricle pumps blood through the aortic valve into the aorta and then throughout the body, this is referred to as _________.

• Pulmonary circulation.

• Contractility.

• Isovolumetric relaxation.

• Systemic circulation.

The bottom of the heart is known as the ____.

• Base

• Apex

• Anchor

• Case

The myocardium makes up the smallest portion of the hearts wall.

• True

• False

The mitral valve is located between the 

• Right atrium and right ventricle.

• The left atrium and left ventricle.

• The right ventricle and pulmonary artery.

• The superior vena cava and right atrium.

The ________ arteries supply the heart muscle with blood and oxygen.

The three factors that affect stroke volume are preload, afterload and myocardial contractility.

• True

• False

Tachycardia is commonly caused by ____________ in the automaticity of pacemaker cells below the SA node.

• An increase

• A decrease

• An electrical shock

The right atria receives

• Oxygenated blood.

• Deoxygenated blood.

• Oxygen from the pulmonary artery.

• None. It acts as a reservoir.

The _________ nerve carries impulses that slow heart rate and the conduction of impulses through the AV node and ventricles.

The SA Node is located in:

• The upper left corner of the left atrium.

• The upper right corner of the right atrium.

• Inbetween the right atria and right ventricle.

The AV node is responsible for delaying impulses from the SA node.

• True

• False

The __________ valves are the pulmonic and aortic valve. Their cusps resemble three half-moons.

_________ are cord-like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and mitral valve in the heart.

• Chordae tendineae

• Intervenous tubercle

• Purjinke fibers

• Sternopericardiac ligaments

Isovolumetric relaxation occurs when ventricular pressure falls below pressure in the aorta and pulmonary artery causing the aortic and pulmonary valves to close.

• True

• False

Backflow of blood from one chamber to another is known as __________.

During ventricular ejection the ventricles eject 70% of the blood.

• True

• False

The atrioventricular valves are:

• Aortic and pulmonic.

• Aortic and tricuspid.

• Pulmonic and mitral.

• Tricuspid and mitral.

When the left ventricle contracts it pumps blood through the _______ valve.

When a cell is fully depolarized, it attempts to return to its resting state in a process called _______________. Electrical charges in the cell reverse and return to normal.

The ___________ divides the right and left atrium and helps them contract.

• AV node.

• Cardiac septum.

• Interatrial septum.

• Bundle of His.

The right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary arteries and then into the lungs. From the lungs, blood flows through the pulmonary veins and empties into the left atrium. What is this cycle called?

• Cardiac cycle.

• Pulmonary circulation.

• Systemic circulation.

• Rapid circulation.

The two branches of the autonomic nervous system are the sympathetic and the adrenergic.

• True

• False

The Purkinje fibers extend from the bundle branches into the endocardium, deep into the _________ tissue.

Give the names of the two atrioventricular (AV) valves.

Because the atria collect blood, their walls are thicker than the ventricles.

• True

• False

The entire network of specialized nervous tissue that extends through the ventricles is nown as the His-Purkinje system.

• True

• False

An athlete's heart usually weighs more than that of the average person while an elderly person's weighs less.

• True

• False

Pericardial effusion, a condition of having excess pericardial fluid, can _________

• Compromise the lung's ability to receive oxygen.

• Block the the SA node from firing.

• Cause over production of red blood cells.

• Compromise the heart's ability to pump blood.

Cardiac veins collect deoxygenated blood from the capillaries of the myocardium.

• True

• False

These fibers conduct impulses rapidly through the muscle to assist in its depolarization and contraction.

________ affects cardiac output by shortening diastole and allowing less time for the ventricles to fill.

______________ is a special characteristic of pacemaker cells that generates impulses automatically, without being stimulated to do so.

The ______________ septum seperates the left and right ventricles.

The Purkinje fibers can also serve as a pacemaker and are able to discharge impulses at a rate of 40-60 times per minute.

• True

• False