EDF 1005 Quiz 1

According to Robert Gilman, specialized training in traditional non-literate cultures was primarily conducted through apprenticeships or special initiation schools. These methods utilized experience, drama, and direct instruction to impart knowledge and skills to individuals. Therefore, the statement is true, as it accurately reflects Gilman's perspective on the subject.

The statement suggests that by 300,000 years ago, Homo sapiens had evolved to hunt large game like elephants and had an average brain size of 1,100 cubic centimeters. It also states that by 100,000 years ago, the average brain size had increased to 1,450 cubic centimeters. This implies that the statement is true, as it provides a timeline of the evolution of Homo sapiens' hunting abilities and brain size.

Chimps and other apes have indeed been taught to use picture symbols or American Sign Language for simple communication. This has been achieved through extensive training and research, demonstrating their ability to understand and use these forms of communication to convey basic messages.

In traditional non-literate cultures, children learned by observing and imitating the adults around them. They were fully immersed in the adult world and would naturally grow into it. This implies that there was no formal education system or structured learning methods like we have today. Instead, children acquired knowledge and skills by closely observing and imitating the behaviors and actions of the adults in their community. This approach highlights the importance of cultural immersion and learning through direct experience in these traditional societies.

Robert Gilman argues that traditional non-literate societies were able to transmit complex cultures from one generation to the next through informal means. These means were not only efficient but also effective in preserving and passing on cultural knowledge. Therefore, the statement that traditional non-literate peoples managed to pass on complex cultures in informal ways that were both efficient and effective is true.

In traditional non-literate cultures, education was aligned with whole brain learning, as stated by Robert Gilman. This suggests that these cultures had a holistic approach to education, incorporating both the logical and creative aspects of the brain. This approach likely involved engaging multiple senses, hands-on learning, storytelling, and other methods that stimulate different parts of the brain. Overall, this answer implies that traditional non-literate cultures had an effective and comprehensive educational system that catered to the development of the whole brain.

The statement is true because according to scientific evidence, our closest ancestors and cousins, early ape-humans, did indeed split from the other apes around 5 million years ago. This split eventually led to the evolution of modern humans.

The statement is true because the members of the household, such as parents and siblings, are typically the first people a person interacts with and learns from. They play a crucial role in teaching cultural norms, values, and behaviors to the individual. Through daily interactions and observation, the household members shape the person's understanding of their society's customs, traditions, and social expectations. Therefore, they are considered the initial agents of enculturation in all societies.

During the time of Homo Erectus, primate evolution shifted from having litters of offspring to single births. This evolutionary change has continued over time, resulting in the rarity of women having multiple children at once in modern times. Therefore, the statement "it is rare for a woman to have more than one child at a time" is true.

The ability to influence the lives of young people is generally considered a positive aspect of the teaching profession because it allows teachers to make a meaningful impact on the future generation. Teachers have the opportunity to shape students' knowledge, skills, and values, helping them develop into well-rounded individuals. This ability to inspire and guide young minds is often seen as one of the most rewarding aspects of being a teacher.

Modeling refers to the process by which a child learns behaviors by observing and imitating the actions of others, particularly their parents. In this context, the child pays attention to how their parents speak, act, and solve problems, and then mimics these behaviors. Modeling can be a powerful way for children to learn and acquire new skills and behaviors.

The statement is false because Homo erectus did not leave Africa between 150,000 to 80,000 years ago. Homo erectus actually left Africa around 2 million years ago and spread to various parts of the world. They were not the most successful species of Homo, as Homo sapiens (modern humans) eventually replaced them.

Board certification would best support an argument that teaching is a profession today because it demonstrates that teachers have met certain standards and have acquired a high level of expertise in their field. Board certification is a voluntary process that requires teachers to undergo additional training, pass rigorous assessments, and demonstrate their knowledge and skills. This certification validates their professionalism and commitment to their profession, making a strong case for teaching being recognized as a profession.

The statement is false because the observer expects to receive positive reinforcements for the modeled behavior is not called retention. Retention refers to the process of remembering and storing the observed behavior in memory. Positive reinforcements are a form of motivation or reward that the observer expects to receive for exhibiting the modeled behavior.

Horace Mann is associated with the first state-supported normal school. A normal school is an institution that trains teachers, and Mann played a significant role in advocating for and implementing educational reforms in the United States. He believed in the importance of professionalizing teaching and improving the quality of education. As the Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, Mann worked to establish the first state-supported normal school in Lexington, Massachusetts in 1839. This institution served as a model for the training of teachers and had a lasting impact on the development of teacher education in the United States.

The statement is false because the basic anatomy of humans has undergone multiple prominent changes over the past 30,000 years, not just the shift from walking on "all fours" to walking on two feet. These changes include the development of larger brains, changes in skeletal structure, the emergence of modern facial features, and the evolution of various physiological systems.

The goal of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards is to assess and certify highly competent teachers. This means that the board is responsible for evaluating the skills and knowledge of teachers and determining whether they meet the standards of excellence set by the board. By certifying teachers who meet these high standards, the board aims to ensure that students are being taught by qualified and capable educators. This process helps to maintain and improve the quality of teaching in the profession.

Normal schools in the nineteenth century provided students with two years of training in academic subjects as well as in teaching methodology. This means that students received education in both academic subjects and teaching methods during their two-year training period.

As teachers gain more experience and higher levels of education, they expect to be compensated accordingly. However, the longer they stay in their teaching careers, the larger the salary gap becomes between teaching and other fields. This can lead to frustration as they feel undervalued and underpaid compared to professionals in other industries.

The Carnegie Foundation was influential in creating the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards.

Homo erectus is the correct answer because this species had a brain that was 3/4 the size of a modern human brain and also had further development in speech areas and larynx. This suggests that Homo erectus likely used sounds for communication, indicating the early stages of language development.

In the 1920s, several health priorities like smoking and alcoholism were concerns just as they are today. This suggests that these issues have been longstanding problems in society and have not significantly changed over time.

Homo erectus is the correct answer because this species is known for their control of fire, ability to cook food, and improvement in stone tool technology. They were also the first human species to engage in hunting and gathering, obtaining meat from their hunting activities. Like all human species, Homo erectus had extended childhoods to accommodate the extensive postnatal brain development.

This answer suggests that the program Teach for America is similar to the apprenticeship training that teachers underwent in colonial times. This implies that Teach for America provides hands-on training and practical experience, similar to how teachers in colonial times learned through apprenticeship.

Reverend Samuel Hall is the correct answer because he established the first school of education in the U.S. Horace Mann is known for his work in education reform, but he did not establish the first school. Ichabod Crane is a fictional character from Washington Irving's "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow." Daniel Webster was a prominent lawyer and politician, but not associated with education. "None of These" is not a valid option as there is a correct answer.

Jericho is the correct answer because it is the only option that matches the given description. Jericho is located on the western edge of the Jordan valley in the area now called the "West Bank" and is approximately six miles north of the Dead Sea. The other options, Ain Gev, Zawi Chemi Shanidar, Catal Huyuk, and Tell Abu Hureyra, do not match the given description.

The correct answer is "attain scores comparable to physicians, engineers, and writers on adult literacy exams." This means that most teachers are able to achieve similar scores on adult literacy exams as professionals in other fields such as physicians, engineers, and writers. This suggests that teachers possess a high level of literacy and competence in their subject matter.

During colonial times, some teachers were indentured servants. This means that they would work for a certain period of time, usually several years, in exchange for their passage to the colonies or for other benefits. This practice was common in various professions during that time, including teaching. Being an indentured servant meant that teachers had limited freedom and were bound to their employers until their contract was fulfilled. This arrangement allowed colonists to obtain teachers without having to pay them a salary, making it a cost-effective solution for education in some cases.

Homo habilis had only about half our modern brain size and his/her larynx was not well enough developed for speech, but they are the first species known to have made stone tools, and their (for that time) large brain included development in areas now essential for speech.

The given correct answer is "satisfied with the degree of support they get from principals and superiors." This is supported by the phrase "According to surveys" which suggests that there is data and research to back up this claim. The other options, such as being dissatisfied with the intellectual challenge of their work or concerned about job security, are not mentioned in the question and therefore cannot be considered as the correct answer. Additionally, the option of being finally satisfied with their salaries is not mentioned and is not relevant to the question.

Language, art, and religious ritual have become essential aspects of human life within the past 100,000 years, primarily within our own species. This suggests that these cultural expressions developed relatively recently in human history, possibly due to advancements in cognitive abilities and social complexity. The emergence of language, art, and religious ritual has played a crucial role in shaping human societies and facilitating communication, creativity, and spirituality.

The given correct answer states that "By harvesting and herding domesticated species, people realized the value of turning their swords into plowshares." This statement is not true about the effects of food production on human society. The other statements in the options highlight the positive impacts of food production, such as storing large quantities of plant foods, having a ready supply of meat and milk, and realizing long-term food security. However, the statement about turning swords into plowshares is unrelated to the effects of food production and does not accurately reflect its impact on human society.

The need to give birth early may have evolved around the time of the Homo species Homo ergaster.