Earth Science Final Exam Review
Earth Science Final Exam Review
Questions and Answers
- 1.
In what type of rocks would geologist most likely find evidence of past life forms?
- A.
Igneous rocks
- B.
Metamorphic rocks
- C.
Volcanic rocks
- D.
Sedimentary rocks
Correct Answer
D. Sedimentary rocksExplanation
Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and consolidation of sediments, which can include the remains of plants and animals. Fossils, which are evidence of past life forms, are commonly found in sedimentary rocks. This is because the process of sedimentation often preserves the remains of organisms, allowing geologists to study and analyze them. In contrast, igneous and metamorphic rocks are formed through processes that do not typically preserve fossils, and while volcanic rocks can contain fossils, they are less likely to do so compared to sedimentary rocks.Rate this question:
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- 2.
An example of a divergent plate boundary on continental lithosphere would be ________.
- A.
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge
- B.
East Pacific Rise
- C.
The East African Rift Valley
- D.
The Andes Mountains
Correct Answer
C. The East African Rift ValleyExplanation
The East African Rift Valley is an example of a divergent plate boundary on continental lithosphere. Divergent plate boundaries occur when two plates move away from each other, creating a gap or rift between them. In the case of the East African Rift Valley, the African Plate is splitting apart, causing the formation of a rift valley. This process is slowly creating a new ocean basin in the region.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What instrument records earthquake waves?
- A.
Seismogram
- B.
Seismograph
- C.
Richter scale
- D.
Barometer
Correct Answer
B. SeismographExplanation
A seismograph is an instrument that is used to record earthquake waves. It consists of a base that remains stationary during an earthquake and a suspended mass that moves with the ground motion. As the ground shakes, the mass remains relatively still due to inertia, while the base moves. This relative motion is recorded on a seismogram, which is a graphical representation of the earthquake waves. The seismograph is an essential tool for studying and monitoring earthquakes, as it provides valuable data about their magnitude, duration, and intensity.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The distance between a seismic station and the earthquake epicenter is determined from the ________.
- A.
Calculation of the earthquake magnitude
- B.
Intensity of the earthquake
- C.
Arrival time P and S waves
- D.
Measurement of the amplitude of the surface wave
Correct Answer
C. Arrival time P and S wavesExplanation
The distance between a seismic station and the earthquake epicenter is determined from the arrival time of P and S waves. P waves are the first waves to arrive at a seismic station and are faster than S waves. By measuring the time difference between the arrival of P and S waves, scientists can calculate the distance between the seismic station and the epicenter. This method is based on the fact that seismic waves travel at different speeds through different materials, allowing for the determination of the distance to the earthquake epicenter.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Most earthquakes are produced by the rapid release of which kind of energy stored in rock subjected to great forces?
- A.
Chemical
- B.
Thermal
- C.
Elastic
- D.
Mechanical
Correct Answer
C. ElasticExplanation
Earthquakes are produced by the rapid release of elastic energy stored in rock subjected to great forces. When tectonic plates move and accumulate stress, the rocks deform and store potential energy. When the stress exceeds the strength of the rocks, they suddenly release the stored elastic energy, causing an earthquake. This release of energy generates seismic waves that propagate through the Earth's crust, resulting in ground shaking and potentially causing damage.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Overall, which seismic station waves are the most destructive?
- A.
P waves
- B.
S waves
- C.
Compression waves
- D.
Surface waves
Correct Answer
D. Surface wavesExplanation
Surface waves are the most destructive seismic waves because they cause the most ground shaking and damage. These waves travel along the Earth's surface and have a rolling or swaying motion, similar to ocean waves. Surface waves are slower than P waves and S waves, but they have a larger amplitude and can cause buildings and infrastructure to collapse. They also have a longer duration, which means they can cause prolonged shaking and increase the likelihood of structural damage.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which decade were the first important laws passed to decease water pollution?
- A.
1950's
- B.
1960's
- C.
1970's
- D.
1980's
Correct Answer
C. 1970'sExplanation
In the 1970's, the first important laws were passed to decrease water pollution. This suggests that prior to the 1970's, there were no significant laws in place to address this issue. The passing of these laws in the 1970's indicates a growing recognition of the importance of protecting water sources and the environment from pollution.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The advantage of solar energy includes the fact that it is _______.
- A.
Nonrenewable
- B.
Non-polluting
- C.
Expensive
- D.
Absent at night
Correct Answer
B. Non-pollutingExplanation
Solar energy is considered non-polluting because it does not release harmful emissions or pollutants into the atmosphere when it is generated or used. Unlike fossil fuels, which release greenhouse gases and contribute to air pollution and climate change, solar energy is a clean and renewable source of power. This makes it an environmentally friendly option for reducing carbon emissions and mitigating the negative impacts of traditional energy sources on the planet.Rate this question:
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- 9.
As altitude increases
- A.
Air pressure decreases and density increases
- B.
Air pressure increases and density decreases
- C.
Air pressure and density increase
- D.
Air pressure decreases and density decreases
Correct Answer
D. Air pressure decreases and density decreasesExplanation
As altitude increases, the air pressure decreases because there is less atmospheric mass above, exerting a force on the air molecules. This decrease in air pressure leads to a decrease in density because there are fewer air molecules in a given volume. Therefore, the correct answer is that as altitude increases, both air pressure and density decrease.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Shield volcanoes are produced by
- A.
Explosive eruptions of lava and ash
- B.
Quiet eruptions of lava
- C.
Explosive eruptions of ash and cinders
- D.
Quiet eruptions that alternate with explosive eruptions
Correct Answer
B. Quiet eruptions of lavaExplanation
Shield volcanoes are produced by quiet eruptions of lava. Unlike explosive eruptions, which produce ash and cinders, quiet eruptions of lava result in the slow and steady flow of lava. This lava is low in viscosity, allowing it to spread out and form a broad, gently sloping cone-shaped volcano. These eruptions are characterized by the relatively calm release of magma from the Earth's mantle, creating a shield-like shape over time.Rate this question:
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- 11.
A description of the pattern of weather over many years in a region is ...
- A.
Weather forecast
- B.
Air mass
- C.
Climate
- D.
Weather system
Correct Answer
C. ClimateExplanation
Climate refers to the long-term average weather patterns in a specific region over many years. It takes into account factors such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind patterns, and other atmospheric conditions. Unlike weather, which can change on a daily or weekly basis, climate provides a broader understanding of the typical weather conditions in a particular area. Therefore, a description of the pattern of weather over many years in a region is best represented by the term "climate."Rate this question:
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- 12.
A layer of permeable rock that is saturated with water is called a(n)
- A.
Water table
- B.
Lake
- C.
Watershed
- D.
Aquifer
Correct Answer
D. AquiferExplanation
An aquifer is a layer of permeable rock that is saturated with water. It acts as a natural underground reservoir, holding and transmitting water. This explanation provides a clear understanding of what an aquifer is and why it is the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Geologists have inferred that Earth's outer core is liquid because
- A.
P waves cannot pass through the core
- B.
S waves speed up in the outer core
- C.
S waves are bent downward as they travel through the outer core
- D.
S waves cannot pass through the outer core
Correct Answer
D. S waves cannot pass through the outer coreExplanation
The correct answer is that S waves cannot pass through the outer core. This is because S waves, also known as shear waves, cannot travel through liquids. They can only propagate through solid materials. Since S waves are unable to pass through the outer core, it indicates that the outer core must be in a liquid state. This inference is supported by other evidence such as the behavior of seismic waves during earthquakes.Rate this question:
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- 14.
New ocean crust is formed along
- A.
Trenches
- B.
Mountain belts
- C.
Subduction
- D.
Mid ocean ridge
Correct Answer
D. Mid ocean ridgeExplanation
Mid-ocean ridges are underwater mountain ranges that form as new ocean crust is created through volcanic activity. Magma rises to the surface and solidifies, forming new crust. This process, known as seafloor spreading, occurs along mid-ocean ridges. Therefore, the correct answer is mid-ocean ridge.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Plates slide past each other and crust is neither created nor destroyed at a
- A.
Convergent boundary
- B.
Divergent boundary
- C.
Mid ocean ridge
- D.
Transform boundary
Correct Answer
D. Transform boundaryExplanation
At a transform boundary, plates slide past each other horizontally. This movement can be in the same direction, causing a shearing motion, or in opposite directions, causing a tearing motion. In either case, the crust is neither created nor destroyed at a transform boundary. This is in contrast to convergent boundaries, where plates collide and crust is destroyed, or divergent boundaries, where plates separate and new crust is created. The mid-ocean ridge is a type of divergent boundary, where new crust is formed. Therefore, the correct answer is transform boundary.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What is the shape of a planet's orbit?
- A.
Elliptical
- B.
Circular
- C.
Irregular
- D.
Parabolic
Correct Answer
A. EllipticalExplanation
The correct answer is elliptical. Planets orbit the sun in elliptical paths, meaning their orbits are shaped like stretched out circles. This means that the distance between the planet and the sun varies throughout its orbit, with the closest point called perihelion and the farthest point called aphelion. This elliptical shape is a result of the gravitational pull between the planet and the sun.Rate this question:
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- 17.
In the Northern Hemisphere, winds associated with a high-pressure system blow ________.
- A.
Counterclockwise toward the center
- B.
Clockwise toward the center
- C.
Clockwise outward from the center
- D.
Counterclockwise outward from the center
Correct Answer
C. Clockwise outward from the centerExplanation
In the Northern Hemisphere, winds associated with a high-pressure system blow clockwise outward from the center. This is due to the Coriolis effect, which is caused by the rotation of the Earth. The Coriolis effect causes the winds to deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere, resulting in a clockwise circulation around the high-pressure system. The outward direction is due to the fact that air tends to move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The process of converting a liquid to a gas is known as _________.
- A.
Evaporation
- B.
Sublimation
- C.
Condensation
- D.
Deposition
Correct Answer
A. EvaporationExplanation
Evaporation is the process of converting a liquid to a gas. It occurs when the molecules of a liquid gain enough energy to break the intermolecular forces holding them together and escape into the surrounding environment as gas. This process does not require boiling, as it can happen at any temperature.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The source of the sun's energy is _______.
- A.
Chemical burning
- B.
Nuclear fission
- C.
Nuclear fusion
- D.
Photosynthesis
Correct Answer
C. Nuclear fusionExplanation
The correct answer is nuclear fusion. Nuclear fusion is the process by which the sun produces energy. It occurs when two or more atomic nuclei come together to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a large amount of energy in the process. In the sun's core, hydrogen atoms fuse together to form helium, releasing tremendous amounts of energy in the form of light and heat. This process is what powers the sun and allows it to emit light and heat energy.Rate this question:
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- 20.
What is the most common gas in the atmosphere?
- A.
Nitrogen
- B.
Helium
- C.
Hydrogen
- D.
Oxygen
Correct Answer
A. NitrogenExplanation
Nitrogen is the most common gas in the atmosphere. It makes up about 78% of the air we breathe. Nitrogen is an essential element for living organisms and plays a crucial role in various biological processes. It is also used in the production of fertilizers and various industrial processes. Helium and hydrogen are present in much smaller amounts in the atmosphere, while oxygen constitutes about 21% of the air.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Isotherms show areas of equal.....
- A.
Pressure
- B.
Temperature
- C.
Humidity
Correct Answer
B. TemperatureExplanation
Isotherms are lines on a map that connect points of equal temperature. They are used to visualize and understand temperature patterns and variations across a particular region. By examining isotherms, we can identify areas with similar temperature conditions and observe temperature gradients. This information is crucial for weather forecasting, climate analysis, and understanding the distribution of heat energy on Earth's surface.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which of the following resources is not renewable?
- A.
Petroleum
- B.
Hydro-power
- C.
Biomass
- D.
Solar Power
Correct Answer
A. PetroleumExplanation
Petroleum is not a renewable resource because it is formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals that have been subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years. Once it is extracted and used, it cannot be easily replenished or replaced within a human lifetime. In contrast, hydro-power, biomass, and solar power are renewable resources because they are derived from sources that can be naturally replenished, such as water, plants, and sunlight.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Areas with low pressure generally have
- A.
Bright skies and sunny weather
- B.
Overcast skies and precipitation
- C.
Dry weather
Correct Answer
B. Overcast skies and precipitationExplanation
Areas with low pressure generally have overcast skies and precipitation because low pressure systems are associated with rising air, which leads to the formation of clouds and the condensation of water vapor. As the air rises, it cools and moisture in the air condenses, forming clouds. These clouds often result in overcast skies and can lead to precipitation such as rain or snow. Therefore, areas with low pressure typically experience cloudy and rainy weather conditions.Rate this question:
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- 24.
An anemometer measures_______________.
- A.
Humidity
- B.
Wind speed
- C.
Atmospheric pressure
- D.
Temperature
Correct Answer
B. Wind speedExplanation
An anemometer is a device used to measure wind speed. It consists of cups or blades that rotate when exposed to the wind, and the rotation speed is directly proportional to the wind speed. By measuring the rotation speed, the anemometer can provide an accurate measurement of the wind speed. Therefore, the correct answer is wind speed.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which of these is not a weather instrument?
- A.
Barometer
- B.
Geiger counter
- C.
Hygrometer
- D.
Anemometer
Correct Answer
B. Geiger counterExplanation
A geiger counter is not a weather instrument because it is used to detect and measure ionizing radiation, such as alpha, beta, and gamma particles. It is commonly used in nuclear power plants, laboratories, and radioactive waste facilities. In contrast, the other options listed are all weather instruments used to measure different aspects of the weather. A barometer measures atmospheric pressure, a hygrometer measures humidity, and an anemometer measures wind speed.Rate this question:
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- 26.
In "A Planet in Peril" Anderson Cooper described a "Keystone" species. What is a "Keystone" species?
- A.
A species whose existence or demise has a great impact on the ecosystem
- B.
An animal that is endangered
- C.
A species that is only found in China
Correct Answer
A. A species whose existence or demise has a great impact on the ecosystemExplanation
A "Keystone" species is a species whose existence or demise has a great impact on the ecosystem. This means that if a keystone species is removed from the ecosystem, it can cause a ripple effect and disrupt the balance of the entire ecosystem. These species play a crucial role in maintaining the structure and functioning of the ecosystem, often by influencing the abundance and distribution of other species.Rate this question:
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- 27.
What devastating event is often triggered by deep ocean earthquakes?
- A.
Avalanches
- B.
Landslides
- C.
Tsunamis
Correct Answer
C. TsunamisExplanation
Deep ocean earthquakes can often trigger tsunamis. Tsunamis are large ocean waves that are caused by the displacement of water due to the seismic activity. When an earthquake occurs beneath the ocean floor, it can cause the water above it to move and create a series of powerful waves that travel across the ocean. These waves can reach the coastlines and cause significant destruction and loss of life. Therefore, tsunamis are the devastating event that is often triggered by deep ocean earthquakes.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Living things in an environment
- A.
Abiotic factors
- B.
Biotic factors
Correct Answer
B. Biotic factorsExplanation
Biotic factors refer to the living organisms in an environment. These factors include plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms. Biotic factors play a crucial role in shaping the ecosystem as they interact with each other and with the abiotic factors. They can affect the availability of resources, such as food and shelter, and can also influence the population dynamics and community structure. Biotic factors are essential for the functioning and balance of an ecosystem, as they participate in processes such as nutrient cycling, predation, competition, and symbiosis.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Non living things in an environment
- A.
Abiotic factors
- B.
Biotic factors
Correct Answer
A. Abiotic factorsExplanation
Abiotic factors refer to the non-living components of an environment. These factors include physical and chemical elements such as temperature, sunlight, water, soil, air, and minerals. They play a crucial role in shaping the ecosystem and influencing the survival and distribution of living organisms. Biotic factors, on the other hand, are the living components of an environment, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. Therefore, the correct answer is Abiotic factors, which are the non-living things in an environment.Rate this question:
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- 30.
The study of how living things interact with one another and with their physical environment is known as:
- A.
Ecology
- B.
Ecologist
- C.
Botany
- D.
Zoology
Correct Answer
A. EcologyExplanation
Ecology is the study of how living things interact with one another and with their physical environment. It focuses on the relationships between organisms and their surroundings, including the interactions between different species and their habitats. Ecologists study the flow of energy and nutrients through ecosystems, the distribution and abundance of organisms, and the impacts of human activities on the environment. This field of study helps us understand the complex web of life and how ecosystems function, which is crucial for conservation and sustainable management of natural resources.Rate this question:
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- 31.
What is biodiversity?
- A.
An ecosystem containing many different species of plants and animals
- B.
An ecosystem consisting of only plants
- C.
An ecosystem consisting of only animals
- D.
How all animals and plants are close to, or exactly, the same
Correct Answer
A. An ecosystem containing many different species of plants and animalsExplanation
Biodiversity refers to the presence of a wide variety of different species of plants and animals within an ecosystem. It is not limited to only plants or only animals, but encompasses both. Biodiversity is important as it contributes to the overall health and stability of an ecosystem, as different species play unique roles in maintaining ecological balance. It also provides various benefits to humans, such as food, medicine, and ecosystem services. Therefore, the correct answer is "an ecosystem containing many different species of plants and animals."Rate this question:
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- 32.
Check the answer that includes only abiotic factors
- A.
Grasses, soil, water, air, light, temperature, minerals
- B.
Temperature, light, minerals, decomposers, air, soil
- C.
Soil, air, water, temperature, light, minerals
- D.
Water, soil, light, consumer, minerals, temperature
Correct Answer
C. Soil, air, water, temperature, light, mineralsExplanation
The answer "soil, air, water, temperature, light, minerals" includes only abiotic factors. Abiotic factors are non-living components of an ecosystem that can influence the organisms living in it. In this answer, all the listed factors (soil, air, water, temperature, light, minerals) are physical and chemical components of the environment that do not have biological characteristics. They are essential for the survival and functioning of organisms but are not themselves living entities.Rate this question:
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- 33.
In a small aquarium a living plant is an example of
- A.
A consumer
- B.
A decomposer
- C.
A producer
- D.
A form of light energy.
Correct Answer
C. A producerExplanation
A living plant in a small aquarium is an example of a producer. Producers are organisms that are capable of converting sunlight into energy through the process of photosynthesis. In this case, the plant uses sunlight to produce its own food, making it a producer. It is not a consumer, as consumers obtain energy by consuming other organisms. It is also not a decomposer, as decomposers break down dead organic matter. Lastly, it is not a form of light energy, as the plant uses light energy to produce its own food.Rate this question:
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- 34.
What is Ecology?
- A.
A branch of biology that deals with the interactions between organisms with their living and nonliving environments.
- B.
A branch of biology dealing with the relationships between organisms and only their nonliving environments.
- C.
A branch of biology dealing with the relationships between organisms and only their living environments.
- D.
A community and the physical environment interacting and functioning together.
Correct Answer
A. A branch of biology that deals with the interactions between organisms with their living and nonliving environments.Explanation
Ecology is a branch of biology that focuses on the interactions between organisms and their living and nonliving environments. This field of study examines how organisms interact with each other and with their surroundings, including both living (biotic) factors such as other organisms, and nonliving (abiotic) factors such as climate, soil, and water. By studying these relationships, ecologists gain insights into how ecosystems function and how they can be managed and conserved.Rate this question:
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- 35.
What type of symbiosis exists between this crocodile and the Egyptian Plover bird?
- A.
Mutualism-each organism benefits
- B.
Parasitism-one parasite harms the host
- C.
Commensalism-one organism benefits, the other is neither harmed or helped
- D.
Weirdism-one organism is hungry, the other is crazy
Correct Answer
A. Mutualism-each organism benefitsExplanation
The correct answer is mutualism-each organism benefits. In mutualism, both the crocodile and the Egyptian Plover bird benefit from their relationship. The crocodile benefits because the bird cleans its teeth and mouth by feeding on leftover food and parasites, which helps prevent infections and diseases. The bird benefits by getting a meal from the crocodile's mouth and also protection from predators while it is near the crocodile. Both organisms have a mutually beneficial relationship, where they rely on each other for survival.Rate this question:
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- 36.
The hawk in this food web is a
- A.
Predator
- B.
Prey
- C.
Producer
- D.
Herbivore
Correct Answer
A. PredatorExplanation
Predators hunt and kill other animals for food.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Which of these food chains is correct?
- A.
Deer>>>grass>>>grasshopper>>>tree
- B.
Fox>>>rabbit>>>grass>>>grasshopper
- C.
Grass>>>grasshopper>>>bird>>>owl
- D.
Grass>>>tree>>>deer>>>grasshopper
Correct Answer
C. Grass>>>grasshopper>>>bird>>>owlExplanation
All food chains begin with a producer (plant).Rate this question:
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- 38.
The name for an organism that can make its own food through photosynthesis is:
- A.
Producer
- B.
Decomposer
- C.
Primary Consumer
- D.
Heterotroph
Correct Answer
A. ProducerExplanation
Producers get their energy from the sun through the process of photosynthesis.Rate this question:
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- 39.
If the grass is a grassland contains 310 kilocalories of energy per square meter each year, how much energy is available for the animals that eat the grass?
- A.
310 kcal/m2/year
- B.
155 kcal/m2/year
- C.
31 kcal/m2/year
- D.
3.1 kcal/m2/year
Correct Answer
C. 31 kcal/m2/yearExplanation
90% of the energy in the grass will be lost in the transfer up the food chain, so only 10% (or 31 kcals) will be available.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Choose the organism that represents the part of an ecosystem energy pyramid with the MOST energy.
- A.
Fig Trees
- B.
Butterflies (which eat the tree's leaves as caterpillars).
- C.
Baboons (which will eat a butterfly if they can get one!)
- D.
Chimpanzees (who are known to sometimes hunt baboons).
Correct Answer
A. Fig TreesExplanation
Fig trees are producers. Producers get their energy straight from the sun's light, so they always have the most energy access in an ecosystem.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Which is an abiotic factor that would affect the ability of a species of tree to survive in a particular habitat?
- A.
Availability of minerals in the soil
- B.
Type and number of tree parasites
- C.
Climax vegetation of the area
- D.
Type and number of herbivores present
Correct Answer
A. Availability of minerals in the soilExplanation
The availability of minerals in the soil is an abiotic factor that would affect the ability of a species of tree to survive in a particular habitat. This is because trees require essential minerals, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, for their growth and development. If the soil lacks these minerals or if they are not available in sufficient quantities, the tree may struggle to obtain the necessary nutrients for its survival. Therefore, the availability of minerals in the soil directly influences the ability of a tree species to thrive in a specific habitat.Rate this question:
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- 42.
What impact do the amounts of available energy, water, and oxygen have on an ecosystem?
- A.
They act as limiting factors
- B.
They are used as nutrients
- C.
They recycle the residue of dead organisms
- D.
They control the environmental temperature
Correct Answer
A. They act as limiting factorsExplanation
The amounts of available energy, water, and oxygen act as limiting factors in an ecosystem. Limiting factors are resources or conditions that restrict the growth, abundance, or distribution of organisms within an ecosystem. In this case, the availability of energy, water, and oxygen can determine the carrying capacity of an ecosystem and limit the population size and diversity of organisms. Without sufficient amounts of these resources, organisms may struggle to survive and reproduce, leading to a decrease in overall ecosystem productivity.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Which human activity will most likely have a negative impact on global stability?
- A.
Decreasing water pollution levels
- B.
Increasing recycling programs
- C.
Decreasing habitat destruction
- D.
Increasing world population growth
Correct Answer
D. Increasing world population growthExplanation
Increasing world population growth is likely to have a negative impact on global stability because it puts a strain on resources such as food, water, and energy. As the population increases, the demand for these resources also increases, leading to potential shortages and conflicts. Additionally, a larger population also contributes to environmental degradation, deforestation, and pollution, further destabilizing ecosystems and exacerbating climate change. Therefore, increasing world population growth can have detrimental effects on global stability.Rate this question:
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- 44.
How much energy is passed on in each level of a food chain?
- A.
10%
- B.
90%
- C.
.01%
- D.
100%
Correct Answer
A. 10%Explanation
In each level of a food chain, only 10% of the energy is passed on. This is due to the energy transfer inefficiencies that occur as energy moves from one organism to another. The rest of the energy is lost as heat or used by the organism for its own metabolic processes. Therefore, the energy available to the next level in the food chain is significantly reduced, resulting in a decrease in energy transfer as we move up the chain.Rate this question:
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- 45.
What is a possible food chain derived from this energy pyramid?
- A.
Green plants, snails, minnows, trout, bird
- B.
Bird, snails, green plants, trout, minnows
- C.
Bird, trout, minnows, snails, green plants
- D.
Green plants, bird, snails, minnows, trout
Correct Answer
A. Green plants, snails, minnows, trout, bird -
- 46.
Some green house gases are...
- A.
Oxygen
- B.
Carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor
- C.
Nitrogen
- D.
Green house gasses do not cause global warming.
Correct Answer
B. Carbon dioxide, methane, and water vaporExplanation
Carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor are considered greenhouse gases because they have the ability to trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere. These gases allow sunlight to enter the atmosphere but prevent some of the heat from escaping back into space, leading to the greenhouse effect. This phenomenon is responsible for the warming of the Earth's surface and is a major contributor to global warming.Rate this question:
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- 47.
What is geothermal energy?
- A.
NH
- B.
Energy produced by the sun
- C.
Energy produced by heat within the earth
Correct Answer
C. Energy produced by heat within the earthExplanation
Geothermal energy refers to the energy that is produced by the heat within the earth. It is generated from the natural heat stored in the Earth's core, which is a result of the radioactive decay of minerals and the residual heat from the planet's formation. This heat can be harnessed and used for various purposes, such as heating buildings, generating electricity, and even for direct use in industries. Unlike solar energy, which is produced by the sun, geothermal energy is derived from the Earth's internal heat sources.Rate this question:
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- 48.
What are cooler, darker spots on the sun's surface?
- A.
Corona
- B.
Sunspots
- C.
Photosphere
Correct Answer
B. SunspotsExplanation
Sunspots are cooler, darker spots on the sun's surface. They appear as dark patches because they are relatively cooler than the surrounding areas. Sunspots are caused by intense magnetic activity on the sun's surface, which inhibits the convection of heat and makes those areas appear darker. These spots can vary in size and shape and are often associated with solar flares and other solar activity.Rate this question:
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- 49.
What is the rotation period of the earth?
- A.
365 days
- B.
24 hours
- C.
1 year
Correct Answer
B. 24 hoursExplanation
The rotation period of the Earth refers to the time it takes for the Earth to complete one full rotation on its axis. This rotation period is approximately 24 hours, which is equivalent to one day. This means that the Earth completes a full rotation on its axis every 24 hours, resulting in the cycle of day and night.Rate this question:
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- 50.
What causes the seasons?
- A.
The elliptical movement of the earth around the sun
- B.
The tilt of the earth at various stages of the earth's revolution around the sun
- C.
The solar wind moves the earth at different angles
Correct Answer
B. The tilt of the earth at various stages of the earth's revolution around the sunExplanation
The correct answer is the tilt of the earth at various stages of the earth's revolution around the sun. The tilt of the earth's axis is what causes the seasons. As the earth orbits the sun, different parts of the earth receive different amounts of sunlight throughout the year. When the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, it experiences summer, while the southern hemisphere experiences winter. When the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, it experiences winter, while the southern hemisphere experiences summer. This tilt is what creates the changes in temperature and weather patterns that we associate with the seasons.Rate this question:
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