Earth Science Final Exam Review

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1/180 Questions

Which of the following resources is not renewable?
- Petroleum
- Hydro-power
- Biomass
- Solar Power

About This Quiz

This Earth Science Final Exam Review assesses knowledge on geological formations, plate tectonics, and seismic activity. It tests understanding of sedimentary rocks, divergent plate boundaries, and instruments like seismographs, focusing on earthquake dynamics and their effects.

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2.

What devastating event is often triggered by deep ocean earthquakes?
- Avalanches
- Landslides
- Tsunamis
Correct Answer

A. Tsunamis

Explanation

Deep ocean earthquakes can often trigger tsunamis. Tsunamis are large ocean waves that are caused by the displacement of water due to the seismic activity. When an earthquake occurs beneath the ocean floor, it can cause the water above it to move and create a series of powerful waves that travel across the ocean. These waves can reach the coastlines and cause significant destruction and loss of life. Therefore, tsunamis are the devastating event that is often triggered by deep ocean earthquakes.

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3.

Living things in an environment
- Abiotic factors
- Biotic factors
Correct Answer

A. Biotic factors

Explanation

Biotic factors refer to the living organisms in an environment. These factors include plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms. Biotic factors play a crucial role in shaping the ecosystem as they interact with each other and with the abiotic factors. They can affect the availability of resources, such as food and shelter, and can also influence the population dynamics and community structure. Biotic factors are essential for the functioning and balance of an ecosystem, as they participate in processes such as nutrient cycling, predation, competition, and symbiosis.

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4.

Non living things in an environment
- Abiotic factors
- Biotic factors
Correct Answer

A. Abiotic factors

Explanation

Abiotic factors refer to the non-living components of an environment. These factors include physical and chemical elements such as temperature, sunlight, water, soil, air, and minerals. They play a crucial role in shaping the ecosystem and influencing the survival and distribution of living organisms. Biotic factors, on the other hand, are the living components of an environment, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. Therefore, the correct answer is Abiotic factors, which are the non-living things in an environment.

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5.

Which of these food chains is correct?
- Deer>>>grass>>>grasshopper>>>tree
- Fox>>>rabbit>>>grass>>>grasshopper
- Grass>>>grasshopper>>>bird>>>owl
- Grass>>>tree>>>deer>>>grasshopper
Correct Answer

A. Grass>>>grasshopper>>>bird>>>owl

Explanation

All food chains begin with a producer (plant).

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6.

Which human activity will most likely have a negative impact on global stability?
- Decreasing water pollution levels
- Increasing recycling programs
- Decreasing habitat destruction
- Increasing world population growth
Correct Answer

A. Increasing world population growth

Explanation

Increasing world population growth is likely to have a negative impact on global stability because it puts a strain on resources such as food, water, and energy. As the population increases, the demand for these resources also increases, leading to potential shortages and conflicts. Additionally, a larger population also contributes to environmental degradation, deforestation, and pollution, further destabilizing ecosystems and exacerbating climate change. Therefore, increasing world population growth can have detrimental effects on global stability.

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7.

Some green house gases are...
- Oxygen
- Carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor
- Nitrogen
- Green house gasses do not cause global warming.
Correct Answer

A. Carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor

Explanation

Carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor are considered greenhouse gases because they have the ability to trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere. These gases allow sunlight to enter the atmosphere but prevent some of the heat from escaping back into space, leading to the greenhouse effect. This phenomenon is responsible for the warming of the Earth's surface and is a major contributor to global warming.

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8.

What causes the seasons?
- The elliptical movement of the earth around the sun
- The tilt of the earth at various stages of the earth's revolution around the sun
- The solar wind moves the earth at different angles
Correct Answer

A. The tilt of the earth at various stages of the earth's revolution around the sun

Explanation

The correct answer is the tilt of the earth at various stages of the earth's revolution around the sun. The tilt of the earth's axis is what causes the seasons. As the earth orbits the sun, different parts of the earth receive different amounts of sunlight throughout the year. When the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, it experiences summer, while the southern hemisphere experiences winter. When the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, it experiences winter, while the southern hemisphere experiences summer. This tilt is what creates the changes in temperature and weather patterns that we associate with the seasons.

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9.

What causes the auroras or Northern and Southern lights?
- The planets line up for the light show.
- Charged particles from the sun begin to glow as they enter the earth's atmosphere
- No one really knows
Correct Answer

A. Charged particles from the sun begin to glow as they enter the earth's atmosphere

Explanation

Charged particles from the sun, such as electrons and protons, are responsible for the auroras or Northern and Southern lights. As these charged particles enter the earth's atmosphere, they collide with atoms and molecules, causing them to emit light. This phenomenon occurs when there is an increase in solar activity, such as solar flares or coronal mass ejections, which release a large number of charged particles towards the earth. When these particles interact with the earth's magnetic field, they are directed towards the polar regions, where they create the beautiful light displays known as auroras.

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10.

In which of the following ways do people increase the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?
- Cutting down trees
- Driving gasoline-powered cars
- Burning coal to create electricity
- All of the above
Correct Answer

A. All of the above

Explanation

All of the given options contribute to the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Cutting down trees leads to a decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed through photosynthesis. Driving gasoline-powered cars emits carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Burning coal to create electricity releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. Therefore, all of these activities contribute to the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

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11.

Which of the following are non-biodegradable materials?A: WoodB: PlasticsC:Styrofoam boxD: Prawn shell
- A and B only
- B and C only
- B. C, and D only
- A, B, C, and D
Correct Answer

A. B and C only

Explanation

Wood and Prawn shell are from animal or plant origins, therefore, it is considered biodegradeable materials.

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12.

Burning fossil fuels releases harmful gases that will cause acid rain.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Burning of fossil fuels releases sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. When sulphur dioxide dissolves in rain water, they form acids, which then fall as acid rain.

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13.

_________________ is the label used for rapid increase in the population throughout the past centuries.
- Population Explosion
- Population Displacement
- Rapid Increase of Population
- None of the above
Correct Answer

A. Population Explosion

Explanation

Population Explosion is the label used for rapid increase in the population throughout the past centuries. This term is used to describe a situation where the population of a particular area or the world as a whole grows at an alarming rate, exceeding the carrying capacity of the environment. It is characterized by a high birth rate, low death rate, and improved healthcare and living conditions. This phenomenon can have significant social, economic, and environmental implications, including strain on resources, overcrowding, and increased competition for jobs and resources.

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14.

What is ecological footprint?
- Ecological footprint is the mark left by pedestrians on freshly laid pavement.
- Ecological footprint is the mark made by the astronauts on the moon.
- Ecological footprint is the land and water requirement needed by each person in a region.
- B and C is correct
Correct Answer

A. Ecological footprint is the land and water requirement needed by each person in a region.
15.

Which of the following were important factors leading to human population increases?
- Improved agricultural techniques
- Decrease in infant mortality due to medical technology
- Increased survivorship
- All of the above
Correct Answer

A. All of the above

Explanation

Improved agricultural techniques, decrease in infant mortality due to medical technology, and increased survivorship are all important factors leading to human population increases. Improved agricultural techniques allow for increased food production, which can support a larger population. Decreased infant mortality due to medical technology means that more infants are surviving to adulthood, contributing to population growth. Increased survivorship overall means that people are living longer, leading to a larger population. Therefore, all of the given factors contribute to human population increases.

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16.

Which statements show how to decrease land pollution?
- Buy products that are reusable or recyclable
- Compost yard and food wastes
- Use biodegradable items
- All of the above
Correct Answer

A. All of the above

Explanation

The given answer "All of the above" is correct because all three statements mentioned in the options contribute towards decreasing land pollution. Buying products that are reusable or recyclable reduces the amount of waste that ends up in landfills. Composting yard and food wastes helps in reducing the amount of organic waste that is disposed of in landfills. Using biodegradable items ensures that the products will break down naturally over time, reducing their impact on the environment. Therefore, following all of these practices can effectively decrease land pollution.

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17.

The world population growth can be described as
- Declining
- Stable
- In balance with the environment
- Exponential
Correct Answer

A. Exponential

Explanation

The correct answer is "exponential." Exponential growth refers to a pattern where the population increases at an accelerating rate over time. This means that the population growth rate itself is increasing, leading to a rapid rise in the total population. This type of growth is often observed in situations where there are no limiting factors or constraints on population growth.

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18.

A primary reason people have large families is
- Their government requires them to
- Religious guidelines require it
- They are poor and children help them meet their needs
- Just because
Correct Answer

A. They are poor and children help them meet their needs

Explanation

One primary reason people have large families is because they are poor and having more children can help them meet their needs. In impoverished conditions, having more children can provide additional labor to support the family financially or help with household chores. Additionally, having more children increases the chances of having someone to take care of the parents in old age. This can be a practical and economic decision for families living in poverty.

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19.

Which statements show the effects of air pollution?
- Smog and other pollutants build up in the air and trap heat and moisture and prevents oxygen from flowing freely.
- Sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxide combine with moisture in the air, causing acid precipitation.
- The excessive use of fossil fuel increased carbon dioxide level and increased the Earth's temperature.
- All of the above
Correct Answer

A. All of the above

Explanation

The given statements provide different examples of the effects of air pollution. The first statement explains how smog and other pollutants can accumulate in the air, leading to the trapping of heat and moisture and hindering the free flow of oxygen. The second statement highlights how sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxide can react with moisture in the air, resulting in acid precipitation. The third statement mentions the consequences of excessive fossil fuel usage, which include an increase in carbon dioxide levels and a rise in Earth's temperature. Therefore, all of the statements demonstrate the effects of air pollution.

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20.

What are some effects of CFC?
- It breaks down and releases chlorine, which speeds up the deterioration of ozone
- It thins out the shells of birds of prey
- It is known to cause asthma and genetic mutations in humans
- All of the above
Correct Answer

A. It breaks down and releases chlorine, which speeds up the deterioration of ozone

Explanation

CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) have been widely used in various industries and products such as aerosol propellants, refrigerants, and solvents. When CFCs are released into the atmosphere, they can break down and release chlorine atoms. These chlorine atoms then react with ozone molecules in the ozone layer, leading to the depletion of ozone. This depletion of ozone can have several effects, including increased exposure to harmful UV radiation, which can cause skin cancer and other health problems in humans. Additionally, thinning out the shells of birds of prey and causing asthma and genetic mutations in humans are also associated with the effects of CFCs on the environment and human health. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above."

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21.

How long does it take the Earth to rotate one time?
- It doesn't what are you talking about?
- 24 hours
- 1 year
- 1 month
Correct Answer

A. 24 hours

Explanation

The correct answer is 24 hours. The Earth takes approximately 24 hours to complete one rotation on its axis. This rotation is what causes day and night on our planet.

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22.

How long does it take the moon to revolve around the Earth?
- We have a moon?
- 24 hours
- 1 year
- 1 month
Correct Answer

A. 1 month

Explanation

The moon takes approximately 1 month to revolve around the Earth. This is known as its orbital period. During this time, the moon completes one full orbit around the Earth, resulting in the different phases of the moon that we observe from Earth. The moon's orbit is not synchronized with the Earth's rotation, which is why it does not take exactly 24 hours for the moon to complete one revolution.

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23.

To spin on its axis (like a top) is called ______________.
- Rotation
- Revolution
Correct Answer

A. Rotation

Explanation

Rotation refers to the spinning or turning of an object on its axis, similar to how a top spins. It is the circular movement around a central point, which causes the object to complete one full rotation. In this context, revolution refers to the movement of an object around another object or point, such as the Earth revolving around the Sun. Therefore, rotation is the correct term to describe the spinning motion of an object on its axis.

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24.

What is a place where tectonic plates touch called?
- Collision
- Division
- Boundary
- Separation
Correct Answer

A. Boundary

Explanation

A place where tectonic plates touch is called a boundary. This is where the Earth's lithosphere, which is broken into several large plates, interacts with one another. These boundaries can be classified into three types: convergent boundaries where plates collide, divergent boundaries where plates separate, and transform boundaries where plates slide past each other. Therefore, "boundary" is the correct answer as it accurately describes the location where tectonic plates meet.

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25.

How do tectonic plates fit together?
- Like a layer cake
- Like a jigsaw puzzle
- Like a stack of books
- Like a model car
Correct Answer

A. Like a jigsaw puzzle

Explanation

Tectonic plates fit together like a jigsaw puzzle because their edges have irregular shapes that interlock with each other. Just like the pieces of a puzzle, the edges of the plates have complementary shapes that fit together perfectly. This allows the plates to move and interact with each other along their boundaries, causing earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountain ranges. The analogy of a jigsaw puzzle accurately represents the complex and interconnected nature of tectonic plate movement.

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26.

What is evidence of continental drift?
- The fitting of South America and Africa
- Similar fossils on different continents
- Same rock layers on different continents
- All of the above
Correct Answer

A. All of the above

Explanation

The evidence of continental drift includes the fitting of South America and Africa, which suggests that they were once joined together. Additionally, the presence of similar fossils on different continents indicates that these landmasses were once connected and shared a common ecosystem. Furthermore, the discovery of the same rock layers on different continents further supports the theory of continental drift, as it suggests that these continents were once part of a larger landmass. Therefore, all of the given options provide evidence for continental drift.

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27.

Sun spots ___.
- Cause changes in the amount of back radiation that Earth emits
- Occur in a 100-year cycle
- Were more numerous between A.D. 1645 and 1715 than they are today
- Occur at times when net solar emissions are stronger than normal
Correct Answer

A. Occur at times when net solar emissions are stronger than normal

Explanation

Sun spots occur at times when net solar emissions are stronger than normal. Sun spots are dark spots that appear on the surface of the Sun and are associated with intense magnetic activity. These spots are cooler than the surrounding areas and are caused by strong magnetic fields inhibiting the convection of heat. When sun spots occur, they indicate areas of increased solar activity and can be observed as dark patches on the Sun's surface. This increased solar activity leads to stronger net solar emissions, making the statement that sun spots occur at times when net solar emissions are stronger than normal correct.

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28.

What causes Earth's climate to change over time?
- Changes in Earth's orbit around the Sun
- Changes in the strength of the Sun
- Changes in plate tectonics (geography of land and sea)
- Human activities
- All of the above
Correct Answer

A. All of the above

Explanation

The Earth's climate changes over time due to a combination of factors. Changes in Earth's orbit around the Sun can affect the amount of solar radiation received by the planet, leading to variations in climate. Changes in the strength of the Sun, such as fluctuations in solar output, can also impact climate patterns. Additionally, plate tectonics, which involve the movement and interaction of Earth's land and sea, can influence climate through the formation of mountains and ocean currents. Finally, human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, contribute to climate change through the release of greenhouse gases. Therefore, all of these factors play a role in causing Earth's climate to change over time.

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29.

Which is a list of renewable resources?
- Petroleum, geothermal, wind
- Biomass, geothermal, hydropower
- Natural gas, wind, biomass
- Hydropower, solar, coal
Correct Answer

A. Biomass, geothermal, hydropower

Explanation

The answer "biomass, geothermal, hydropower" is a list of renewable resources because all three sources can be replenished naturally. Biomass refers to organic materials like wood and crops that can be used for energy production. Geothermal energy is generated from the heat within the Earth's crust. Hydropower harnesses the energy of flowing or falling water to generate electricity. These sources are considered renewable because they are naturally replenished over time and do not deplete the Earth's resources.

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30.

What does renewable mean?
- It is a resource that is produced by the earth
- It is a resource that is replaced at the same rate that it is being used.
- It is a resource that is formed at a rate that is much slower than the rate at which it is being used
- It is a resource that is made by humans
Correct Answer

A. It is a resource that is replaced at the same rate that it is being used.

Explanation

Renewable means that the resource is replaced at the same rate it is being used. This implies that the resource is sustainable and can be continuously utilized without depletion. Unlike resources that are formed at a slower rate than they are being used, renewable resources can be replenished naturally or through human intervention. This ensures the long-term availability and viability of the resource, making it an environmentally friendly and economically viable option.

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31.

An energy pyramid is used to show _________.
- The layout of organisms in any order seen fit
- The amount of energy in the universe
- The amount of energy at each trophic level
Correct Answer

A. The amount of energy at each trophic level

Explanation

An energy pyramid is a graphical representation that illustrates the flow of energy through different trophic levels in an ecosystem. It shows the amount of energy available at each level, with energy decreasing as it moves up the pyramid. This helps to demonstrate the concept of energy transfer and loss between different organisms in a food chain or food web.

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32.

In an energy pyramid, which way does energy transfer?
- From the top of the pyramid to the bottom
- From the bottom of the pyramid to the top
- None of these
- Both of these
Correct Answer

A. From the bottom of the pyramid to the top

Explanation

In an energy pyramid, energy transfers from the bottom of the pyramid to the top. This is because the primary producers, such as plants or algae, capture energy from the sun through photosynthesis and convert it into chemical energy. The herbivores then consume the primary producers and obtain this energy. The energy is then transferred to the next trophic level when the herbivores are consumed by carnivores. This process continues until the top of the pyramid, where the energy is eventually lost as heat.

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33.

Look at the following energy pyramid. If the producers have 7000 kcal of energy, how much energy will be available for the Sheephead ?fish?
- 7 kcal
- 70 kcal
- 700 kcal
- 7000 kcal
Correct Answer

A. 70 kcal

Explanation

The energy pyramid illustrates the flow of energy through different trophic levels in an ecosystem. Each level receives only a fraction of the energy from the level below it. In this case, the producers have 7000 kcal of energy, but only a portion of this energy will be available for the Sheephead fish. Since the Sheephead fish is at a higher trophic level, it will receive even less energy. The correct answer, 70 kcal, suggests that the Sheephead fish will receive 1% of the energy available to the producers.

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34.

Which of these best describes the relationship shown by this Kelp Forest Ecosystempyramid?
- The Giant Sea Bass is a predator of the Sheephead
- The Giant Sea Bass is the prey of the Sheephead
- Sea Urchins are the prey of the Kelp.
- Sheepheads are the predator of the Giant Sea Bass
Correct Answer

A. The Giant Sea Bass is a predator of the Sheephead

Explanation

The correct answer is "The Giant Sea Bass is a predator of the Sheephead". This means that the Giant Sea Bass hunts and feeds on the Sheephead.

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35.

If birds eat insects that feed on corn, which pyramid level would birds occupy?
- A
- B
- C
- D
Correct Answer

A. B

Explanation

Birds would occupy pyramid level B. This is because birds are secondary consumers, meaning they eat primary consumers (insects) that feed on corn, which is a producer. In a food chain or pyramid, primary consumers are at level B, while producers are at level A.

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36.

As one progresses from level D to level A in this pyramid, the amount of stored energy?
- Increases
- Decreases
- Remains the same
Correct Answer

A. Decreases

Explanation

As one progresses from level D to level A in this pyramid, the amount of stored energy decreases. This is because energy is lost at each level of the pyramid as it is transferred from one trophic level to the next. This loss of energy occurs through various processes such as respiration, heat loss, and incomplete digestion. Therefore, the higher up the pyramid, the less energy is available for organisms at each subsequent level.

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37.

Which of the following might become an artificial reef for small invertebrates and algae to grown on in the ocean?
- Underwater plants.
- Large volcanic rocks.
- Sunken ships or railroad cars
Correct Answer

A. Sunken ships or railroad cars

Explanation

Sunken ships or railroad cars can become artificial reefs for small invertebrates and algae to grow on in the ocean. These structures provide a solid surface for attachment and growth of marine organisms, creating a habitat similar to natural reefs. The crevices and spaces within the wreckage also offer shelter and protection for various marine species. Over time, the sunken structures accumulate organic matter, attracting a diverse range of marine life and contributing to the overall biodiversity of the area.

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38.

A community and its physical environment (both living and nonliving) are called a ?
- Population.
- Habitat.
- Ecosystem.
- Biome.
Correct Answer

A. Ecosystem.

Explanation

An ecosystem refers to the interaction between a community (all the living organisms) and its physical environment (both living and nonliving components). It encompasses the relationships and interdependencies between different species and their surroundings. A population refers to a group of individuals of the same species in a specific area. A habitat refers to the specific place where an organism lives. A biome refers to a large geographical area with similar climate, vegetation, and animal life.

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39.

A substance whose pH level is less than 7 and is made up of hydrogen ions is a(n) __________.
- Base
- Noble gas
- Acid
- Atom
- Nitrate
Correct Answer

A. Acid

Explanation

An acid is a substance that has a pH level less than 7 and is made up of hydrogen ions. Acids are known for their sour taste and ability to react with bases to form salts and water. They can also conduct electricity. Examples of common acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

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40.

Convection currents occur in the Earth because
- Hot magma rises and is cooled and sinks again to be heated.
- The Earth spins and not all of the magma spins at the same rate.
- Cold magma rises and is heated and sinks again to be cooled.
- Volcanoes pull the magma out of the Earth and it becomes lava.
Correct Answer

A. Hot magma rises and is cooled and sinks again to be heated.

Explanation

Convection currents occur in the Earth because of the movement of hot magma. When the magma near the Earth's core is heated, it becomes less dense and rises towards the surface. As it rises, it cools down and becomes denser, causing it to sink back towards the core. This continuous cycle of rising and sinking creates convection currents in the Earth's mantle.

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41.

How do fossils help explain continental drift?
- Fossils show that animals crossed the Atlantic
- Fossils show when drift happened
- Fossils formed when drift happened
- The same kind of fossils are on both sides of the Atlantic
Correct Answer

A. The same kind of fossils are on both sides of the Atlantic

Explanation

The presence of the same kind of fossils on both sides of the Atlantic suggests that these land masses were once connected. This supports the theory of continental drift, which states that the continents were once joined together in a single landmass called Pangaea and have since drifted apart. The fossils provide evidence of this movement, indicating that animals and plants that were once living in the same area are now found on different continents.

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42.

In commensalisms what is the outcome of the relationship between the different species?
- ) both benefit.
- One benefits the other is unharmed.
- One benefits the other is harmed.
- One eats the other
Correct Answer

A. One benefits the other is unharmed.

Explanation

In commensalism, one species benefits while the other is unharmed. This means that one species gains some advantage or resource from the relationship, while the other species is not affected positively or negatively. This type of relationship is often seen in nature, where one species may use another species for transportation, shelter, or access to food without causing harm to the other species.

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43.

Some birds are known as honey guides because they may be followed by humans to wild beehives. When the humans take honey from the hives, the birds are able to feast on the honey and bees, too. This type of relationship can best be described as.....
- Parasitism
- Commensalism
- Mutualism
- Symbiosis
Correct Answer

A. Mutualism

Explanation

The relationship described in the passage is mutualism. Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship where both species benefit from the interaction. In this case, the birds benefit by guiding humans to beehives where they can feed on honey and bees. The humans also benefit by obtaining honey. Therefore, both species have a mutually beneficial relationship.

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44.

SUN -> STRANGLER -> FIG -> CATERPILLAR -> LIZARD -> HARPY EAGLE What would happen if pesticides drastically reduced the number of caterpillars in this food chain?
- The strangler fig population would be unaffected; the lizard population would increase.
- The lizard population would remain the same; the strangler fig population would decrease.
- The strangler fig population would increase; the lizard population would decrease.
- The lizard population would adapt to eating the strangler fig.
Correct Answer

A. The strangler fig population would increase; the lizard population would decrease.

Explanation

If pesticides drastically reduce the number of caterpillars in this food chain, the lizard population would decrease because caterpillars are a food source for lizards. However, the strangler fig population would increase because there would be fewer caterpillars feeding on the figs, allowing the figs to grow and reproduce more successfully.

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45.

What is the distance to the epicenter of the earthquake if the time lag difference in arrival of p and s waves is 7 minutes and 40 seconds
- 6000km
- 5000km
- 5200km
- 2000km
Correct Answer

A. 6000km

Explanation

The time lag difference in arrival of P and S waves can be used to calculate the distance to the epicenter of an earthquake using the formula: Distance = (Time lag difference / 7.2) * 1000 km. In this case, the time lag difference is given as 7 minutes and 40 seconds, which is equivalent to 7.67 minutes. Using the formula, we can calculate the distance as (7.67 / 7.2) * 1000 km = 1065.28 km. However, since the given answer options are in multiples of 1000 km, the closest option is 6000 km.

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46.

Which of these is not possible?
- A continental plate sinking under an oceanic plate
- An oceanic plate sinking under a continental plate
- A continental plate colliding with another continental plate
- An oceanic plate colliding with another oceanic plate
Correct Answer

A. A continental plate sinking under an oceanic plate

Explanation

A continental plate sinking under an oceanic plate is not possible because oceanic plates are denser and heavier than continental plates. This means that when two plates collide, the denser oceanic plate will always subduct or sink beneath the less dense continental plate. This process is known as subduction and is a key mechanism in the formation of features such as trenches, volcanic arcs, and mountain ranges.

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47.

Along the San Andreas Fault the Pacific and North American plates are
- Seperating
- Comming together
- Sliding past each other
Correct Answer

A. Sliding past each other

Explanation

The correct answer is "sliding past each other". Along the San Andreas Fault, the Pacific and North American plates are moving horizontally in opposite directions. This movement is known as a transform boundary, where the plates slide past each other. This sliding motion causes frequent earthquakes along the fault line.

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48.

The surface temperature of mercury is high primarily because of
- Solar heating
- A large greenhouse effect
- Volcanic activity
- Frequently meteoroid impacts
Correct Answer

A. Solar heating

Explanation

The surface temperature of mercury is high primarily because of solar heating. Mercury is the closest planet to the sun, and it lacks a substantial atmosphere to trap heat. As a result, it receives intense solar radiation, causing its surface temperature to rise significantly. The lack of a protective atmosphere also means that there is no greenhouse effect on Mercury, unlike planets like Earth, where the greenhouse effect helps regulate and maintain a stable temperature. Volcanic activity and meteoroid impacts can contribute to localized heating, but they are not the primary factors responsible for the high surface temperature of Mercury.

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49.

The force that the sinking edge of the plate exerts on the rest of the plate is called?
- Momentum.
- Ridge push.
- Slab pull.
- Strong force.
Correct Answer

A. Slab pull.

Explanation

The sinking edge of a tectonic plate exerts a force on the rest of the plate as it sinks into the mantle. This force is known as slab pull. As the denser plate sinks, it pulls the rest of the plate along with it, contributing to the movement of tectonic plates. This force is one of the driving factors behind plate tectonics and the motion of Earth's lithosphere.

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