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Explanation
Jérôme Lejeune is credited with identifying Down Syndrome as a chromosome 21 trisomy. He made this discovery in 1958 and was the first to establish the genetic basis for the condition. Lejeune's work was groundbreaking and revolutionized our understanding of Down Syndrome, leading to advancements in diagnosis and treatment. His contribution to the field of genetics and his dedication to improving the lives of individuals with Down Syndrome are widely recognized and respected.

Explanation
A person with Down Syndrome has 47 chromosomes. Typically, individuals have 46 chromosomes, with 23 pairs. However, individuals with Down Syndrome have an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in a total of 47 chromosomes. This additional chromosome causes the characteristic physical features and developmental delays associated with Down Syndrome.

Explanation
Celiac disease is a possible disease that may result from Down Syndrome. Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21, which can affect various body systems. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system reacts to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. Individuals with Down Syndrome have a higher risk of developing celiac disease compared to the general population. This is believed to be due to the immune system abnormalities associated with Down Syndrome.

Explanation
People with Down Syndrome usually have an IQ range of 40-50. Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. This extra genetic material affects the development of the brain and leads to intellectual disabilities. The average IQ for individuals with Down Syndrome is around 50, which is considered mild to moderate intellectual disability. However, it's important to note that IQ scores can vary among individuals with Down Syndrome, and some may have higher or lower scores within this range.

Explanation
As a mother's age increases, the chances of her offspring having Down Syndrome increase. This is because there is a higher likelihood of genetic abnormalities occurring in the eggs as women age. The risk of having a child with Down Syndrome is significantly higher in women over the age of 35 compared to younger women. Therefore, the correct answer is "increases".

Explanation
A doctor cannot easily tell if a baby will have Down Syndrome. While certain prenatal tests can indicate a higher risk of Down Syndrome, a definitive diagnosis can only be made through diagnostic testing such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling. These tests involve analyzing the baby's chromosomes to determine if there is an extra copy of chromosome 21, which is characteristic of Down Syndrome. Therefore, it requires specific testing and cannot be easily determined just by a doctor's observation or examination.

Explanation
Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder that typically results in certain physical and cognitive impairments. One common characteristic of individuals with Down Syndrome is a shorter attention span compared to neurotypical individuals. Therefore, a long attention span would not be a behavioral symptom of Down Syndrome.

Explanation
Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. This additional genetic material affects the development and functioning of the body and brain. It is characterized by physical and intellectual disabilities, as well as certain health problems. The term "chromosomal" accurately describes the nature of Down Syndrome as it is caused by an abnormality in the chromosomes.

Explanation
Trisomy 21 is the correct answer because it refers to the genetic condition in which a person has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two. This extra genetic material leads to the characteristic features and developmental delays associated with Down Syndrome. The term "Down Syndrome" is commonly used to describe this condition, but "Trisomy 21" is the more accurate and scientific name for it. "John Langdon Down's Syndrome" is not a recognized term for this condition, and "Up Syndrome" is not a valid or commonly used name for it.

Explanation
Less than a generation ago, children with Down Syndrome did not survive beyond their teen years. This is because medical advancements and improved healthcare have significantly increased the life expectancy of individuals with Down Syndrome. With better access to medical care, early interventions, and support, individuals with Down Syndrome can now live well into adulthood and even old age.