Dip_test On Computer Technology

Numbers are stored and transmitted inside a computer in binary form because computers use a binary system, which consists of only two digits: 0 and 1. These digits, also known as bits, are used to represent data and instructions in the form of binary code. Each digit in a binary number represents a power of 2, allowing for efficient storage and manipulation of numerical data. Therefore, binary form is the most suitable and efficient way to store and transmit numbers within a computer system.

The 4-bit binary number 0111 represents the decimal number 7. In binary representation, each bit represents a power of 2, starting from the rightmost bit being 2^0, the next bit being 2^1, and so on. In this case, the leftmost bit is 0, followed by three 1's. Therefore, the decimal value is calculated as 0 * 2^3 + 1 * 2^2 + 1 * 2^1 + 1 * 2^0, which equals 7.

The 8-bit binary number 1111 1111 represents the decimal value 255. In binary, each bit represents a power of 2, starting from the rightmost bit as 2^0 and increasing by a power of 2 for each subsequent bit. In this case, all the bits are set to 1, which means that the decimal value is the sum of all the powers of 2 represented by the 1 bits. Adding up the powers of 2 from right to left, we get 128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255. Therefore, the correct answer is 255.

A 20-bit address bus allows access to a memory of capacity 1 Mb. This means that the address bus can represent 2^20 different addresses, which is equal to 1,048,576 addresses. Since each address corresponds to a memory location, the memory capacity is 1 Mb.

LSI stands for Large Scale Integration, which refers to the level of integration of components on a processor chip. Modern processor chips are classified as LSI because they contain a large number of transistors and components integrated onto a single chip. This level of integration allows for higher performance, smaller size, and lower power consumption compared to previous generations of chips. ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) refers to an even higher level of integration, but it is not mentioned in the options. MIPS (Million Instructions Per Second) and SSI (Small Scale Integration) are not appropriate classifications for modern processor chips. Therefore, the correct answer is LSI.

The hexadecimal number FF can be represented in binary as 11111111. Since there are 8 digits in the binary representation, the minimum number of bits required to store the hexadecimal number FF is 8.

A machine cycle refers to the speed at which a computer's central processing unit (CPU) executes instructions. It is a measure of how many instructions the CPU can process per second. Clock speed is directly related to the machine cycle, as it determines the frequency at which the CPU can execute instructions. A higher clock speed means a faster machine cycle, allowing the CPU to execute instructions more quickly. Therefore, the correct answer is "clock speed."

Cache memory is a type of temporary storage that is faster to access than permanent storage options like RAM and DRAM. It is designed to store frequently accessed data and instructions to reduce the time it takes for the CPU to retrieve information. Unlike permanent storage, cache memory is not designed to hold data for long periods of time and is constantly being updated with new information. Therefore, cache memory is not considered as a permanent storage solution.

Clock speed is not measured in bits per second or bytes, as these units are typically used to measure data transfer rates or storage capacities. Hertz is a unit of frequency, and while it is commonly used to measure clock speed, it is not the specific unit used to measure clock speed. Baud, on the other hand, is a unit that measures the number of signal changes per second in a communication channel. It is commonly used to measure the speed of data transmission in analog and digital communication systems, making it the correct answer in this case.

The von Neumann bottleneck refers to the limitation in processing speed caused by the low clock speeds of the CPU. In the von Neumann architecture, both data and instructions are stored in the same memory, resulting in a bottleneck when the CPU has to wait for instructions to be fetched. This bottleneck is further exacerbated by the slow clock speeds, which limit the number of instructions that can be executed per second. Therefore, the correct answer is low clock speeds.