Development
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This is example questions. For Development.
- 1.Bruner's theory of congitive development introduced the idea of:
- A.
Stages in cognitive development
- B.
Linking language development to the development of cognition
- C.
Development of cognitive maps to aid problem solving
- D.
Morality as a cognitive function that includes sequential skill acquisition
- 2.Theorists Bowlby and Ainsowrth were leaders in exploring:
- A.
Temperament and learning styles
- B.
Linking language development to the development and cognition
- C.
Development of cognitive maps to aid problem solving
- D.
Infant-pattern attachment as a feature in emotional development
- 3.Bower proposed that the process of memory consists of these three steps:
- A.
Immediate, short term, or working and long term
- B.
Sensory, immediate and recall
- C.
Short term, semantic, logistic
- D.
Immediate, long term, perceptual
- 4.According to the text, the psychometric measurement of intelligence in the form of an IQ is:
- A.
Support by very convincing evidence that IQ accurately predicts many aspects of child and adult function
- B.
Is outdated and of little use in predicting functional outcomes
- C.
Is most useful in understanding the congitively impaired
- D.
None
- 5.A child's success in the early primary school yeras correlates highly with:
- A.
Nutritional status
- B.
High school graduation
- C.
Sports participation
- D.
Gender role identity
- 6.The Education of the Handicapped Acts of 1986 mandates:
- A.
Interdisciplinary assessment of all preschool children prior to entering school
- B.
School exemptions that allow handicapped children to remain at home with education services, rather than attending public school
- C.
Access to free school lunches and bus service for all children
- D.
Special education and related to services with disabilities, from ages 3 to 5
- 7.Boundaries, in family systems theory, are:
- A.
A description of emotional bodning within members of the subsystem
- B.
The differentiation of individuals who are inside or outside the family subsystem
- C.
Limits of acceptable behavior
- D.
Non
- 8.Chronic sorrow is:
- A.
A perceptual part of parenting a child with enduring impairments
- B.
Experienced by the child as he or she reaches the age of maturity without functioning independently in society
- C.
Causd by inclusion in classroom environments with typically developing children
- D.
None
- 9.To develop social competence in the preschool and primary school child with developmental delays, the therapist should:
- A.
Actively involve the parents as helpers in all therapy sessions
- B.
Assign tasks for the child to perform independently without adult supervision
- C.
Require the children to perform tasks by themselves while closely supervised
- D.
Encourage stress management techniques in therapy and classroom settings
- 10.According to class materials, the predominate health issues in the school aged child are:
- A.
Joint and musculoskeletal injuries
- B.
Stress and obesity
- C.
Cardiovascular problems
- D.
All
- 11.Typical social development of 10-12 year old children includes:
- A.
The teacher is often a significant role model
- B.
The child may begin to challenge parental authority
- C.
The child still relies on family for security and emotional support
- D.
All of the above
- 12.The age groups of children at greatest risk for distress and anxiety while hospitalized is:
- A.
0-1
- B.
2-4
- C.
5-8
- D.
Age does not predict rosk
- 13.In the discussion of current assumptions about pain in hospital care, all of the following are true EXCEPT:
- A.
Children can remember and describe painful events
- B.
Pain medication is bad/sedation is harmful to children
- C.
Pain and anxiety are different and should be treated differently
- D.
There are effective strategies to manage pain and anxiety
- 14.Common consequences of hospitalization in childhood are:
- A.
Developmental acceleration and enhanced energy level for several days
- B.
Sleeping for long periods upon return from their hospital
- C.
Anxiety, nightmares and developmental regression for up to 2 weeks after hospitalization
- D.
Increased motivation and independence toward recovery for up to a month after hospitalization
- 15.Children with congenital neuromuscular impairments are at greatest risk for depression during which period:
- A.
0-1
- B.
3-4
- C.
6-7
- D.
All of the above
- 16.The ability to make postural adjustments in anticipation of the tasks is called:
- A.
Co-incidence anticipation
- B.
Static equilibrium
- C.
Anticipatory postural control
- D.
Somatosensory dominance
- 17.When a child on your caseload has troubles behavior they should be referred to support. Troubled behavior is defined as:
- A.
Problem behavior in response to extraordinary
- B.
Unusual behavior in response to distress in the home
- C.
Occasional unusual or destructive actions
- D.
Persistent challenging behaviors the interfere with therapy
- 18.During middle childhood, the aceeptance of the world beyond the family relies on normal emotional attachement. Insecure attachement may result in:
- A.
Positive self-esteem and excellent communication skills
- B.
Sleep disorders, depression, and cognitive impairments
- C.
Anger at parents and rebellion against authority
- D.
Over-achievement and perfectionism
- 19.To establish a sound working relationship with an adolescent, the therapist should:
- A.
Establish a rigid program with careful record-keeping
- B.
Work primarily through the parents
- C.
Involve the youth in goals and treatment planning
- D.
All
- 20.The therpist should be aware that the adolescent might be particularly sensitive to:
- A.
Having to dis-robe
- B.
Anything that makes them "different"
- C.
Criticism
- D.
All of the above
- 21.From both adolescent and child abuse lectures, you should conclude that the best way to prevent violence is:
- A.
School programs emphasixing positive behavior
- B.
Avoid modeling violence, esp. in the home
- C.
Strong and swift punishment for violent behaviors
- D.
After-school programs to keep kids off the streets
- 22.In the reading, regular performance of IADLs in adolescence contributes to their:
- A.
Financial independence
- B.
Success in school
- C.
Self-definition
- D.
Interest in extra-curricular activities
- 23.The theory of violence in adolescence that relates to the desire for power and prestige is:
- A.
Non-integration theory
- B.
Limited opportunities
- C.
Reputation theory
- D.
Labeling theory
- 24.The model of optimal development for adolescents includes which of the following outcomes:
- A.
Adolescents will be alive, healthy, physically mature, and engage in health enhancing behaviors
- B.
Adolescents will possess the social skills and maturity to engage in positive interaction with others
- C.
They will be aware of their skills and have developed employment potential
- D.
All of the above
- 25.Which of the following is not a common indicator of child abuse:
- A.
Unexplained bruises or injuries
- B.
Clear emotional differentiation between familiar and unfamiliar adults
- C.
Children are over active and non compliant
- D.
Children have a flat or guarded affect
- 26.Occupational and physical therapists are:
- A.
Obligated by mandatory reporting
- B.
Obligated to collect evidence about child abuse if suspected
- C.
Obligated to counsel the family
- D.
Obligated to remove the child from the house
- 27.The policy which tends to drive the Child Protective System since the 1980s is:
- A.
Safety first
- B.
Get the child out
- C.
Family reunification
- D.
Promote adoption
- 28.The shaken baby syndrome:
- A.
Is due to white matter shearing
- B.
Occurs when the head is moved repetitively between flexion and extension
- C.
Can result in CNS damage or death
- D.
All of the above
- 29.A mother is reported because she is not providing adequate food and clothing for her children. When follow-up is done, there is substantiation that she has inadequate financial resources. The resolution is:
- A.
Children removed from home due to neglect
- B.
Children removed from home due to abuse
- C.
Social services agencies become involved for assistance
- D.
None of the above
- 30.Which of the following injuries on a child might be a reason to suspect abuse?
- A.
Repeated fractures, especially under the age of 2
- B.
Burns on the torso of an 18-month old
- C.
Burns on the back and feet of an 18 month old
- D.
A and C
- 31.Which of the following domains of development is least affected by cultural practice?
- A.
Attachment and relationships
- B.
Temperament and communication style
- C.
Motor development
- D.
Socialization
- 32.A 28 week gestation baby is now 3 months old. That baby is:
- A.
3 months adjusted
- B.
Newborn adjusted age
- C.
Newborn chronologic age
- D.
None of the above
- 33.Bruner's theory of congitive development introduced the idea of:
- A.
Stages in cognitive development
- B.
Linking language development to the development of cognition
- C.
Development of cognitive maps to aid problem solving
- D.
Morality as a cognitive function that includes sequential skill acquisition
- 34.What are the rules for conversations and talking known as?
- A.
Syntax
- B.
Semantics
- C.
Pragmatics
- D.
Morphology
- 35.Metalinguistic awareness is wen the child can engage in introsepctive tasks that reflect one's knowledge of language.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 36.What is morphology of language the study of?
- A.
Word structure
- B.
The implied meaning
- C.
Non-verbal communication
- 37.What is augmentive/alternative communication?
- A.
The acquisition of a 2nd language early in communication.
- B.
A means to proveide communication in another form of expressive output.
- C.
Using a voice box.
- 38.There is a unified theory that explains language acquisition.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 39.At what time period does the emergence of the 1st true words occur?
- A.
6 mos
- B.
8-10 mos
- C.
12-18 mos
- D.
2 years
- 40.What did Ainsworth and Bowlby study?
- A.
Cognitive maps
- B.
Language acquisition
- C.
Temperament
- D.
Early social attachment
- 41.Having a child with a developmental disability is an example of:
- A.
A developmental crisis
- B.
A situational crisis
- C.
A personality disorder
- 42.Boundaries, in family systems theories, are:
- A.
Lines of acceptable behavior
- B.
Lines of demarcation between individuals who are inside or outside of the subsystem
- C.
Emotional bonding
- D.
None of the above
- 43.The growing awareness of other children and their abilites, as seen in middle childhood, is called:
- A.
Peer referencing
- B.
Associative learning
- C.
Goodness of fit
- D.
Metacognition
- 44.Chronic sorrow is:
- A.
Occurs when parents encounter limitations from their child's enduring impairments
- B.
Experienced by the child within society
- C.
Seen when children are separated in the classroom
- D.
None of the above
- 45.All of the following, except one, are predictors in the child responds to hospitalization:
- A.
Child's age
- B.
Parent's age
- C.
Previous hospitalization
- D.
Length of stay
- 46.Bullying and teasing occurs in middle childhood and the focus is often on:
- A.
Children of the same gender, associated with gender role learning
- B.
Child with few friends and little social support
- C.
Younger, poorly supervised children
- D.
All of the above
- 47.Children need to have rules and limits set for them because:
- A.
They do not care whether they have reached adult expectations
- B.
Metacognitive skills have not yet well developed
- C.
They are incapable of following rules
- D.
Perform best when they realize they have little power
- 48.Child abuse may ofter occur in situations of:
- A.
Environmental risk
- B.
Biologic risk
- C.
Both A&B
- D.
Neither AorB
- 49.Physical growth in the preschool years is typically:
- A.
Slow, with a gain of 1-2 lbs a year
- B.
Rapid, gaining 5-7 lbs a year
- C.
Not important
- 50.When is cooing typical?
- A.
1 month
- B.
2 months
- C.
6 months
- D.
8 months
- 51.When is body concept well developed?
- A.
2 years
- B.
3 years
- C.
4 years
- 52.Playfulness is a characteristic of human behavior that is:
- A.
Extrinsically motivated and goal directed
- B.
Socially motivated and based on reality for the practice of social acceptable rules
- C.
Intrinsically motivated and involves the idea to suspend reality
- D.
Follows a typical developmental sequence and decreases into adulthood
- 53.Children with asynchronous development are at risk for:
- A.
Developing learned helplessness
- B.
Developing a sensory integration disorder
- C.
Developmental disability
- D.
All of the above
- 54.All of the following are examples of emotional development in the 4-5 year old, except:
- A.
Their emotions are short-lived and extreme, with mood swings being common
- B.
They may have imaginary friends
- C.
They need to fell important and worthwhile
- D.
They are learning to take turns and share
- 55.The basic concept of sensory integration theory is that:
- A.
Mental functions depend upon adequate organization of sensory info
- B.
Sensory influences patterns of movement, but not patterns of thought
- C.
Info must be received through multiple systems for learning to occur
- 56.How many words does the child have by 2-3 years?
- A.
200-400
- B.
50-330
- C.
100-200
- D.
500
- 57.The set of values, beliefs, attitudes, and customs shared by a group of people is:
- A.
Culture
- B.
Cohort
- C.
Personality
- 58.Culture is:
- A.
Innate
- B.
Biologically inherited
- C.
Learned patterns of behavior
- 59.Cultural schemas consist of the following, except one, and attempt to predict social interaction?
- A.
Role
- B.
Person,
- C.
Categorical
- D.
Event
- E.
Self
- 60.Which of the following is not a use of a cultural schema:
- A.
Supports families during stressful time
- B.
Recognizes unique strengths of family and coping
- C.
Helps to reunify a family after child abuse allegations
- 61.Studies of culture and socioeconomic status can be separated.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 62.Temperament and personality is:
- A.
Global mental function
- B.
Specific mental function
- 63.If the event occurred more than 5 minutes ago, it is considered:
- A.
Immediate memory
- B.
Short-term memory
- C.
Long-term memory
- 64.At what age do children begin to separate motor actions from emotional responses?
- A.
3
- B.
4
- C.
5
- D.
6
- 65.Typically, the child had internalize morality and the ideas of conscience by what age?
- A.
6
- B.
8
- C.
10
- D.
12
- 66.Which of the following stages does a child not pass through in learning to acquire a new skill?
- A.
Exploratory activity
- B.
Purposeful play
- C.
Perceptual learning
- D.
Skill Achievement
- 67.Humans have the capacity to change. This is termed:
- A.
Resiliency
- B.
Plasticity
- C.
Metacognition
- D.
Shapeability
- 68.Attaining positive developmental outcomes despite a poor caregiving environment is:
- A.
Resiliency
- B.
Plasticity
- C.
Vulnerability
- D.
Understanding
- 69.When does fantasy play develop?
- A.
At 1
- B.
Between 2 and 3
- C.
At age 4
- D.
In middle childhood
- 70.What three things are necessary for mastery motivation?
- A.
A stimulus, repetition to objects, opportunities for success
- B.
The freedom to initiate activities, access and repetition to objects, opportunities for success
- C.
Ability to act, perceive, and initiate
- 71.The sense that one can influence the people and events within one's environment is called:
- A.
Self esteem
- B.
Self efficacy
- C.
Positive reinforcement
- D.
Plasticity
- 72.What is the most common cause of pain in kids?
- A.
Injury
- B.
Stress
- C.
Anxiety
- D.
Headache
- 73.At what age is the highest risk for preoperative anxiety?
- A.
1-5
- B.
5-6
- C.
7-8
- D.
10+
- 74.By what age are postural responses similar to those of adults?
- A.
5
- B.
6
- C.
7
- D.
8
- 75.What does figure group perception allow?
- A.
Memory
- B.
Isolation of a specific stimulus from background
- C.
To look at the whole picture
- 76.
- A.
Thrust out of home into peer group
- B.
Thrust into academic achievement
- C.
Physical thrust into games and work
- D.
Mental thrusts into adult concepts, etc.
- 77.What is the most serious illness in middle childhood?
- A.
Asthma
- B.
Common Cold
- C.
Flu
- D.
Depression
- 78.
- A.
Lisp
- B.
Stuttering
- 79.The ability to take into account multiple aspects of a situation is known as:
- A.
Centralizing
- B.
Embedding
- C.
Decentering
- D.
Plasticity
- 80.Which of the following is not one of the four basic steps in memory?
- A.
Perception
- B.
Encoding
- C.
Embedding
- D.
Storage
- E.
Retrieval
- 81.All of the following are true of bilingualism except:
- A.
It can lead to greater cognitive flexibility.
- B.
It can lead to greater metalinguistic awareness.
- C.
It is the use of more than one language.
- D.
It may improve scores on IQ tests
- E.
French is the 2nd most common language in the US.
- 82.Which of the following is most associate with adult success?
- A.
High levels of childhood industry
- B.
Intelligence
- C.
Family background
- D.
Congitive domain
- 83.In Kohlberg's stages, what stage are children in middle childhood located?
- A.
Conventional Morality
- B.
Postconventional Morality
- C.
Preconventional morality
- D.
Stages 1 & 2
- E.
C & D
- 84.What is border work?
- A.
When the sexes interact
- B.
When people don't fit in on the inside
- C.
Being part of the cool group
- 85.Which of the following is not included in Weiner's theory of attributions?
- A.
Internal vs. external
- B.
Stable vs. unstable
- C.
Easy vs. hard
- D.
Controllable vs. uncontrollable
- 86.All of the following are true of 12 years old, except:
- A.
It is the age when we are aware of conscience.
- B.
It is the age where kids start thinking about careers realistically.
- C.
It is the age when we become interested in opposite sex.
- D.
It is the age when we can be blamed for our decisions accurately.
- E.
It is when we can begin to carry out household chores.
- 87.Which of the following is not represented in the legal definition of child abuse?
- A.
Physical injury
- B.
Sexual abuse
- C.
Neglect primarily due to lack of financial means
- D.
Neglect not due to lack of financial means
- 88.Which of the following is not true of cognitive maps?
- A.
They aid in memory
- B.
They are a part of metacognition
- C.
They are mental images about spatial relationships
- D.
Integrate linear reasoning with spatial perception
- 89.At 24 months, a child:
- A.
Has a 150-300 word vocabulary and is understood 50% of the time
- B.
Has a 150-300 word vocabulary and is understood 75% of the time
- C.
Has 100-200 words made up largely of nominals
- D.
Has a 400-600 word vocabulary
- 90.Which of the following is true of childhood behavior?
- A.
Most children behave in ususual or undesirable ways
- B.
Most require little discipline and structure
- C.
Most perform best when an adult directs and controls the activity
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