Data Structures And Algorithms Quiz

The given statement is true because an array is indeed a linear data structure. It is a collection of elements of the same data type that are stored in contiguous memory locations. The elements in an array are accessed using their index, which represents their position in the array. This linear arrangement allows for efficient access and manipulation of the array elements. Therefore, the correct answer is true.

The options provided in the question are Stack, int, char, and float. Among these options, Stack is not a primitive data structure. A primitive data structure refers to the basic data types that are built-in in programming languages, such as integers (int), characters (char), and floating-point numbers (float). Stack, on the other hand, is an abstract data type that can be implemented using primitive data types. Therefore, the correct answer is Stack.

A binary search tree is a data structure where each node has at most two children, a left child and a right child. It is called a "two way search tree" because it allows for efficient searching in both directions. The left child represents values smaller than the parent node, while the right child represents values greater than the parent node. This structure allows for faster searching, insertion, and deletion operations compared to other data structures. Therefore, the statement "Binary search tree is also called two way search tree" is true.

The time complexity of linear search is O(n) because in the worst-case scenario, where the target element is at the end of the list or is not present at all, the algorithm would have to iterate through each element of the list to determine this. This means that the time taken to perform the search grows linearly with the size of the list.

The correct answer is LIFO, which stands for "Last In, First Out". This means that the last item added to the stack is the first one to be removed. It follows a sequential order where new elements are added on top and removed from the top as well. This principle is commonly used in programming and data structures, where the most recently added item is often the most relevant or needs to be accessed first.

The concept of array employs wastage of memory because arrays allocate a fixed amount of memory for a specific number of elements, even if those elements are not all used. This can result in unused memory space, leading to wastage.

Stack implementation error refers to a situation where the stack data structure is not implemented correctly, leading to an overflow condition. When the stack is full and an attempt is made to push another element onto it, an overflow error occurs. This error indicates that the stack implementation does not have proper mechanisms to handle the overflow condition, such as resizing the stack or throwing an exception.

The symbol "^" represents the exponentiation operation, which has the highest precedence among the given symbols. This means that when evaluating an expression, any calculations involving exponentiation should be performed first before any other operations such as multiplication "*", subtraction "-", or addition "+".

The given statement is false. A leaf node and an internal node are two different concepts in a tree structure. A leaf node is a node that does not have any children, meaning it is at the end of a branch. On the other hand, an internal node is a node that has at least one child. Therefore, a leaf node cannot be called an internal node.

Among the given options, strcnt is not a predefined string function. Commonly used functions like strlen calculate string length, strcat concatenates strings, and strcmp compares strings. However, strcnt is not standard in common string libraries and is not recognized as a predefined function for string manipulation.

The given condition "front=(rear+1)%maxsize" indicates that the front pointer is equal to the next position of the rear pointer in the circular queue. This condition implies that the queue is full because the front pointer has caught up with the rear pointer, meaning that there are no empty spaces left in the queue to insert new elements.

The application of a stack includes the reversal of a string, the evaluation of arithmetic operations, and recursion. However, a real operating system is not an application of a stack. A stack is a data structure that follows the Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principle, used for managing function calls, expression evaluation, and other related tasks. A real operating system involves various components and functionalities, but it does not directly relate to the concept of a stack.

A leaf node is a node in a tree data structure that does not have any child nodes. The degree of a node in a tree is defined as the number of its children. Since a leaf node does not have any children, its degree is 0.

The correct answer is realloc. The realloc function is used to resize the memory allocated for a structure during runtime. It allows for dynamic memory allocation, where the size of the structure can be adjusted as needed. By using realloc, the memory can be resized to accommodate additional or reduced data, ensuring efficient memory management.

AVL stands for "Height balanced tree". This data structure is a self-balancing binary search tree where the heights of the left and right subtrees of any node differ by at most one. The balancing factor is maintained during insertion and deletion operations, ensuring that the tree remains balanced and the search, insertion, and deletion operations have a time complexity of O(log n).

A circular queue overcomes the disadvantage of a linear queue by allowing the elements to be inserted and removed from both ends. In a linear queue, once the last position is reached, new elements cannot be inserted even if there are empty spaces in the front. However, in a circular queue, when the last position is reached, the next element can be inserted at the beginning of the queue, utilizing the empty spaces efficiently. This ensures that the queue can continue to grow and accommodate more elements without any wastage of space.

There are four types of queues available. This suggests that there are multiple variations or implementations of queues that can be used in different scenarios or applications.

Data refers to a set of values, facts, or information that is collected, organized, and stored for analysis or reference. It is not just a collection of nodes or information, but rather a set of values that can be processed and interpreted to derive meaningful insights or make informed decisions.

There are two main types of sorting in data structures: internal sorting and external sorting. Internal sorting refers to sorting data that can fit entirely in memory, such as arrays or linked lists. External sorting, on the other hand, is used when the data is too large to fit in memory and needs to be sorted using external storage devices like disks. Therefore, the correct answer is 2.

A B-tree is called a multi-way search tree with height balance because it is a tree data structure that allows for efficient search, insertion, and deletion operations. It is designed to maintain a balance between the height of the tree and the number of keys in each node. This balance ensures that the tree remains efficient even when dealing with large amounts of data. Additionally, a B-tree is a multi-way search tree, meaning that each node can have multiple child nodes, allowing for efficient traversal and search operations.