New Jersey Cosmetology State Board Study Test

The free edge of the nail plate refers to the portion of the nail that extends beyond the fingertip or toe. It is the part that can be seen and trimmed. This is true for both fingers and toes.

Melanin is the natural hair pigment found in the cortex layer of the hair. It is responsible for the color of our hair, skin, and eyes. Melanin is produced by specialized cells called melanocytes, which are located in the hair follicles. The amount and type of melanin determine the color of our hair, with higher levels of melanin resulting in darker hair and lower levels resulting in lighter hair. Melanin also provides protection against harmful UV radiation from the sun.

Notching or pointing is the correct answer because it refers to the technique of cutting the hair ends with the points of the shears to create texture. This technique involves making small, intentional cuts in the hair to add dimension and movement, resulting in a textured look. Layering, blunt cutting, and undercutting are different cutting techniques that do not specifically involve using the points of the shears to create texture in the hair ends.

If the hair is not evenly damp, it means that some parts of the hair are wetter or drier than others. This can lead to an uneven haircut because the hair may behave differently when wet or dry. Cutting hair that is unevenly damp can result in an inconsistent length or shape, causing the haircut to look uneven overall.

Keratin is the main protein found in the natural nail. Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein that makes up the structure of the nail, providing strength and durability. It is also found in other parts of the body, such as hair and skin. Water, cuticle, and melanin are not proteins and do not make up the main component of the natural nail.

According to the EPA, it is against federal law to use any disinfecting product contrary to its labeling. This implies that you must follow the instructions for mixing the product, the specified contact time, and the type of surface the disinfecting product can be used on.

Tension refers to how tightly the hair is pulled when cutting. This is an important factor to consider as it can affect the overall outcome of the haircut. The amount of tension applied can determine the precision and shape of the cut, as well as the amount of weight and volume left in the hair. By understanding and controlling the tension, hairstylists can achieve the desired results and create different styles and textures.

Colors with a predominance of red are considered to be warm tones because red is a warm color. Warm colors are associated with feelings of warmth, energy, and excitement. Red, along with colors like orange and yellow, are often used to create a cozy and inviting atmosphere. In contrast, cool colors like blue and green are associated with feelings of calmness and tranquility. Neutral colors, on the other hand, are considered to be neither warm nor cool, as they do not have a strong presence of any particular color temperature. Primary colors refer to the basic colors from which all other colors are created and are not directly related to warm or cool tones.

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary

The number of hairs per square inch on the head relates to the hair's density. Density refers to the concentration or amount of hair in a given area. A higher density means there are more hairs packed closely together, while a lower density means there are fewer hairs in the same area.

Colors with a predominance of blue are considered to be cool tones because blue is often associated with calmness, tranquility, and a sense of coolness. Cool colors are typically found on the blue side of the color spectrum and include shades of blue, green, and purple. These colors are often used to create a soothing and relaxing atmosphere.

Blunt cutting is the technique of cutting the hair straight across the strand, creating a weight line where all the lengths of hair hang at the same level. This technique is commonly used to create a clean and even look, without any layers or graduation. It is often used for creating a classic bob or a blunt fringe.

Mitosis is the correct answer because it is the process by which a bacterial cell divides into two identical daughter cells. During mitosis, the genetic material of the bacterial cell is replicated and then evenly distributed between the two daughter cells. This process allows for growth and reproduction of bacterial populations. Spore growth, decomposing, and fertilizing are not accurate terms to describe the division of a bacterial cell into two cells.

Hair texture is determined by the diameter of the individual hair strand. The diameter refers to the thickness or width of the hair strand. Hair strands with a larger diameter tend to have a coarser or thicker texture, while those with a smaller diameter have a finer or thinner texture. The diameter of the hair strand affects how the hair feels, looks, and behaves, such as being more prone to frizz or being easier to style. Therefore, the diameter of the hair strand plays a significant role in determining hair texture.

A guideline that does not move as the hair cut progresses is referred to as a stationary guideline. This means that the guideline remains fixed in place throughout the haircutting process, providing a consistent reference point for the stylist. This allows for precision and accuracy in achieving the desired haircut.

Ergonomics is the study of designing a workplace that promotes comfort, safety, efficiency, and productivity. It focuses on creating an environment that is tailored to the needs of the workers, taking into consideration factors such as the arrangement of furniture, equipment, lighting, and the overall layout of the workspace. By optimizing the design, ergonomics aims to reduce physical strain, prevent injuries, and enhance overall well-being, thus improving productivity and job satisfaction.

The living skin on which the nail plate sits is called the nail bed. The nail bed is located underneath the nail plate and provides nourishment and support to the growing nail. It contains blood vessels and nerves that supply nutrients and sensation to the nail. The nail bed also plays a role in nail growth and helps to anchor the nail plate in place. The cuticle refers to the thin layer of skin at the base of the nail, the nail fold is the skin that surrounds the sides of the nail, and the ligament is a connective tissue structure that attaches the nail to the underlying bone.

A hydrogen bond is a weak type of physical side bond that can be easily broken by water or heat. Hydrogen bonds occur when a hydrogen atom is attracted to an electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen. These bonds are important in many biological processes, such as the folding of proteins and the structure of DNA. Water molecules also form hydrogen bonds with each other, which gives water its unique properties, such as high boiling point and surface tension.

A job description is a document that outlines all the duties and responsibilities of a particular position. It provides a detailed summary of the tasks, skills, qualifications, and expectations required for the job. This document is essential for both employers and employees as it helps in setting clear expectations and understanding the scope of work. It serves as a guide for recruitment, performance evaluations, and career development.

Hydrogen peroxide is a powerful oxidizing agent, but its chemical action can be enhanced by adding an activator. An activator is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. In the case of hydrogen peroxide, an activator is added to increase its ability to break down into water and oxygen. This reaction is commonly used in various applications, such as hair bleaching or as a cleaning agent. Therefore, the correct answer is "activator."

Sodium hypochlorite is commonly known as household bleach. It is a chemical compound that is used as a disinfectant and cleaning agent in households. It is effective in killing bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms, making it a popular choice for cleaning and sanitizing surfaces. Sodium hypochlorite is also used in water treatment and as a bleaching agent in the textile and paper industries. Its strong oxidizing properties make it an effective and versatile household product.

Kanekalon is considered to be a synthetic fiber because it is a type of hair fiber that is made from a synthetic material. Synthetic fibers are man-made and often designed to mimic the look and feel of natural hair. Kanekalon is commonly used in wigs, hair extensions, and braids because it is durable, lightweight, and has a natural-looking appearance. Unlike natural hair, synthetic fibers are not derived from animal or plant sources, making them a more affordable and versatile option for hair products.

A guide is a section of hair that determines the length the hair will be cut. It acts as a reference point for the hairdresser or barber to ensure that the desired length is achieved throughout the haircut. The guide is usually created by taking a small section of hair at the desired length and using it as a reference to cut the rest of the hair to the same length.

The matrix is the part of the nail structure where nail cells are formed. It is located at the base of the nail, underneath the cuticle. The matrix is responsible for producing the cells that make up the nail plate, which is the hard, visible part of the nail.

The correct answer is "base color". The term "perdominant tonality" refers to the main or most prominent color in an existing color. This color is considered as the base color, which forms the foundation or primary hue of the overall color palette.

Sectioning is necessary to help control the hair and perform a more uniform cut. By dividing the hair into smaller, manageable sections, the stylist can have better control over the cutting process. This allows for a more precise and even cut, ensuring that each section of hair is cut to the desired length and style. Sectioning also helps in maintaining symmetry and balance throughout the haircut.

The term used to describe the warmth or coolness of a color is tone or tonality. Tone refers to the overall color characteristic of a hue, whether it appears warm (reddish, orange, or yellow) or cool (bluish or greenish). Tonality, on the other hand, refers to the arrangement of tones in a composition or artwork. In this context, tone or tonality is the most appropriate term to describe the warmth or coolness of a color.

The foil technique of lightening refers to a hair coloring technique where sections of hair are separated and wrapped in foil, and then a lightening product is applied to the hair to create highlights or lowlights. The correct answer, slicing, is a method used in the foil technique where the hair is sliced horizontally and the lightening product is applied to the sliced sections. This technique allows for precise placement of color and creates a more blended and natural look.

The technical name for a nail is "onyx". This term refers to the hard, translucent substance that forms the outer layer of the nail. It is derived from the Greek word "onyx" which means "claw" or "nail". This term is commonly used in medical and anatomical contexts to describe the structure of the nail.

The correct answer is balayage technique. Balayage is a hair coloring technique where the lightener is painted directly onto clean, styled hair. It creates a natural, sun-kissed effect by hand-painting highlights onto the hair, resulting in a more blended and seamless look compared to traditional foil highlights. The cap technique involves placing a cap over the hair and pulling strands through it to create highlights. Reverse highlighting technique refers to the process of adding lowlights to lighten hair, and foil technique involves using foils to separate and isolate sections of hair for highlighting or coloring.

Horizontal lines are straight lines that are parallel to the horizon or the floor. They run from left to right or right to left, never deviating from the same level. These lines are commonly seen in landscapes, horizons, and the flat surfaces of tables or floors. They create a sense of stability, balance, and calmness in an image or design.

Eumelanin is the correct answer because it is the pigment responsible for giving black and brown color to hair. Pheomelanin, on the other hand, is responsible for red and yellow colors. Neomelanin and euromelanin are not terms commonly used to describe hair pigmentation.

There are 10 degrees !

Palming the shear refers to the technique of holding the scissors with the ring and little fingers while combing the hair. This technique allows for better control and precision while cutting the hair. It is a common technique used by hairstylists to ensure a smooth and even haircut.

During lightning, the underlying color that emerges is known as the contributing pigment. This term refers to the pigments that are responsible for the coloration of an object or organism. In the context of lightning, the contributing pigment refers to the pigments present in the atmosphere or the materials involved in the lightning process that contribute to the color that is observed. The other options, pheomelanin and eumelanin, are types of pigments found in human hair and skin, while intensity is a measure of the strength or brightness of light.

Human hair is primarily composed of protein, specifically a protein called keratin. Keratin is made up of various amino acids, which contain nitrogen and sulfur. These elements play a crucial role in the structure and strength of the hair. Nitrogen is necessary for the formation of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins, while sulfur helps to form disulfide bonds that contribute to the hair's strength and resilience. Therefore, nitrogen and sulfur are essential elements in the chemical composition of human hair.

An alkalizing agent is used to open the cuticle of the hair fiber so that tint can penetrate it. Alkalizing agents have a high pH level, which helps to raise the hair's cuticle and make it more receptive to color. By opening the cuticle, the alkalizing agent allows the tint to penetrate the hair shaft more effectively, resulting in better color absorption and longer-lasting results.

A predisposition test is performed to determine if someone has an allergy to aniline. Aniline is a chemical compound that is commonly found in hair dyes and other products. This test helps to identify individuals who may have an allergic reaction to aniline, so that they can avoid using products that contain it and prevent any potential adverse effects.

When performing a tint back, a filler may be used. This is because when removing a dark hair color and trying to achieve a lighter shade, the hair may become porous and lack the necessary underlying pigment. In such cases, a filler is used to restore the missing pigment before applying the desired lighter shade. The filler helps to even out the hair's porosity and creates a more balanced and uniform color result.

Beveling is a technique used to cut the ends of the hair at a slight taper using diagonal lines. This creates a softer and more natural look compared to blunt cutting, which involves cutting the hair straight across. Sectioning refers to dividing the hair into smaller sections for easier styling or cutting, while carving is a technique used to create texture and movement in the hair. Therefore, the correct answer is beveling.

The term musculoskeletal disorders refers to injuries or conditions that affect the muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments, and other structures of the body. Work-related repetitive injuries are a specific type of musculoskeletal disorder that occur due to repetitive motions or activities performed in the workplace. These injuries can be caused by tasks such as typing, lifting heavy objects, or using vibrating tools. They often result in pain, stiffness, inflammation, and reduced range of motion in the affected area. Therefore, work-related repetitive injuries are a fitting explanation for the term musculoskeletal disorders.

The correct answer is pliable. Waving lotion is used to make hair pliable, which means it becomes flexible and easy to shape. It helps to keep the hair in place during the finger-waving procedure, allowing for the desired style to be created and maintained.

It should appear PINKISH

The correct answer is "Bed epithelium." The bed epithelium is a thin layer of tissue that helps guide and support the growth of the nail plate. It is located underneath the nail plate and plays a crucial role in the formation and maintenance of healthy nails. The matrix cells are responsible for producing new nail cells, while the nail groove refers to the indentation on the sides of the nail plate. Nail enhancement typically refers to artificial methods of improving the appearance of nails.

Fillers are used to deposit a base color. This means that fillers are used to add a specific color to the hair in order to create a base for further color application. Fillers are often used when the desired color is significantly different from the current hair color or when the hair is too porous and needs a base color to even out the porosity. By depositing a base color, the hair becomes ready for the desired color to be applied evenly and effectively.

When cutting hair, tension refers to the amount of force applied to the hair while it is being cut. Cutting between the second and third knuckles would create a different level of tension compared to cutting at other points. This change in tension would result in an uneven haircut because the hair would be cut at different angles and lengths, leading to an inconsistent and uneven appearance.

A system for understanding the relationship of color is called the law of color. In cosmetology, the "law of color" refers to the fundamental principles governing how colors interact with each other, particularly in the context of hair coloring and makeup application. Understanding the law of color is crucial for cosmetologists, hairstylists, and makeup artists to achieve desired shades, tones, and effects.

The four basic types of massage are Effleurage, Petrissage, Friction, and Tapotement. Effleurage involves long, sweeping strokes that help to warm up the muscles and promote relaxation. Petrissage involves kneading and squeezing the muscles to release tension and improve circulation. Friction involves deep, circular movements that target specific areas of tension or pain. Tapotement involves rhythmic tapping or pounding movements that help to stimulate the muscles and invigorate the body. Rolling and Fulling are not considered as the four basic types of massage.

Semipermanent hair color partially penetrates the hair shaft and stains the cuticle layer. It slowly fades with each shampoo because it does not fully penetrate the cortex, which is the innermost layer of the hair shaft. This type of hair color typically lasts for a few weeks before completely fading away.

The length guard attachment is the tool that allows you to cut all the hair evenly to one exact length. This attachment is typically used with clippers and helps to maintain a consistent length throughout the haircut. Thinning shears are used to remove bulk and create texture, while haircutting shears are used for precision cutting. Edgers or trimmers are used for detailing and shaping the hairline.