Third Nine Weeks Assessment 2018 #1

The statement is true because the concept of natural rights, which are inherent and inalienable rights that every individual possesses, was indeed included in the Declaration of Independence. This concept was heavily influenced by the ideas of John Locke, an influential Enlightenment philosopher. Locke argued that individuals have natural rights to life, liberty, and property, and that these rights should be protected by the government. The Founding Fathers of the United States, including Thomas Jefferson who drafted the Declaration of Independence, drew inspiration from Locke's philosophy and incorporated the concept of natural rights into the document.

The printing press was a significant innovation during the Renaissance and the Reformation that helped spread their influence. Before the printing press, books were handwritten and therefore expensive and time-consuming to produce. The printing press revolutionized the way information was disseminated by allowing for mass production of books. This made books more accessible and affordable, leading to a wider distribution of knowledge and ideas. The printing press played a crucial role in the spread of Renaissance art, literature, and scientific discoveries, as well as the dissemination of Reformation ideas and religious texts.

During World War I, trenches were indeed dug in Europe and this method of warfare was widely used. Trenches provided soldiers with protection from enemy fire and served as defensive positions. They stretched across the Western Front and were used by both the Allied and Central Powers. Trench warfare was characterized by long periods of stalemate, with soldiers enduring harsh conditions and constant danger. This method of fighting played a significant role in the overall strategy and tactics employed during the war.

The positive impact of the Columbian Exchange is that it led to the spread of crops and new foods across the globe. This exchange of plants and animals between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres resulted in the introduction of crops such as potatoes, tomatoes, corn, and tobacco to Europe, Asia, and Africa. This had a significant impact on agriculture and food production, leading to increased diversity and improved nutrition in various regions of the world.

Life in the tenements could be best described as overcrowded with several people living in one room. Tenements were typically small, cramped apartments that housed multiple families or individuals. Due to limited space and high population density, it was common for several people to share a single room in these tenements. This overcrowding often led to poor living conditions, lack of privacy, and increased health risks.

The political cartoon is best described as depicting the power and impact of the British Empire on various parts of the world. It suggests that the British Empire had a significant influence globally.

The correct answer is republic/representative democracy. The United States of America has a republican form of government, where power is held by the people and their elected representatives. In a representative democracy, citizens vote for representatives who make decisions on their behalf. This form of government is characterized by the separation of powers, with a president as the head of state and a Congress that makes laws. The USA's government is not a dictatorship, monarchy, or theocracy, as it does not have a single ruler or a government based on religious principles.

During the Age of Exploration, the greatest cause of death to Native Americans was disease. When European explorers arrived in the Americas, they brought with them diseases such as smallpox, measles, and influenza, which the indigenous people had no immunity to. These diseases spread rapidly among Native American populations, causing widespread death and devastation. The lack of immunity and the high mortality rates from these diseases significantly impacted the Native American population, making disease the greatest cause of death during this time.

Both strategies mentioned in options A and B were used in WWI. The war of attrition was a strategy employed by both sides to wear down the enemy and exhaust their resources. This involved constant pressure and attacks to weaken the opponent. Additionally, fighting in trenches was a prominent feature of WWI, as both sides dug elaborate systems of trenches to protect their positions and provide cover for troops. These trenches became the primary battlegrounds and were central to the overall strategy of the war.

The Declaration of the Rights of Man was indeed a document written during the French Revolution. It aimed to establish the fundamental rights and freedoms that all individuals should possess, regardless of their social status. This document played a significant role in shaping modern concepts of human rights and influenced subsequent declarations and constitutions worldwide. Therefore, the statement that the Declaration of the Rights of Man described the basic human rights that all should be given is true.

According to Adam Smith, some people forget that in determining the wealth of a nation, it should not just be limited to gold and silver. Instead, wealth should include other assets such as houses, land, and consumable goods of all different kinds. While some writers initially acknowledge this, they tend to overlook these factors and focus solely on the accumulation of gold and silver. Smith argues that the true wealth of a country lies in a diverse range of assets, not just precious metals.

The correct answer is "Imperialism had a lasting negative impact upon the African continent, even after the European powers left." This can be inferred from the political cartoon, which likely depicts the negative consequences of imperialism on Africa. The statement suggests that even after the European powers left, the negative impact of imperialism continued to affect Africa.

The major common factor in all three revolutions is a weak or corrupt government. In each case, the government was either oppressive, corrupt, or mismanaged, leading to dissatisfaction among the people. This dissatisfaction then fueled the desire for change and revolution.

The statement is true because during the Islamic Golden Age, Muslim scholars translated and preserved many Greek and Roman texts, which were later reintroduced to Europe during the Renaissance. This reintroduction of classical knowledge had a significant impact on the intellectual and cultural development of Europe, leading to a "rebirth of learning."

WWI, also known as the First World War, took place from 1914 to 1918. It was a global conflict primarily centered in Europe and involved many countries. The years 1914-1918 accurately represent the duration of this war. The other options, 1814-1819, 1915-1917, and 1920-1930, are not correct as they do not encompass the entirety of WWI.

The correct answer is humanism because Machiavelli's description of people as ungrateful, fickle, false, cowardly, and covetous reflects a realistic view of human nature. Humanism emphasizes the importance of understanding and accepting human nature as it is, rather than idealizing or romanticizing it. Machiavelli's focus on practicality and the use of power aligns with the principles of humanism, which values reason, logic, and a pragmatic approach to understanding and influencing human behavior.

King Henry VIII created the Church of England, also known as the Anglican Church. He established it in the 16th century as a result of his desire to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, and marry Anne Boleyn. When the Pope refused to grant him an annulment, Henry VIII took matters into his own hands and declared himself the head of the new church, thus breaking away from the authority of the Roman Catholic Church. This act of creating the Church of England marked the beginning of the English Reformation.

Leonardo da Vinci incorporated the "Growth Mindset" into his life by believing that humans are fully capable of developing skills and talents in many areas. This is evident in his relentless pursuit of knowledge and his diverse range of interests and talents. He constantly worked on improving his investigation skills, which allowed him to excel not only as an artist but also as a scientist, engineer, and inventor. His dedication to lifelong learning and his belief in the potential for growth and development are key aspects of the growth mindset.

Martin Luther unintentionally sparked the Protestant Reformation. He was a German monk and theologian who criticized the Catholic Church's corrupt practices, particularly the selling of indulgences. Luther's famous "95 Theses" were published in 1517 and spread rapidly due to the invention of the printing press. His ideas gained traction and led to a widespread movement of religious reform, ultimately resulting in the establishment of Protestantism as a separate branch of Christianity. Therefore, Martin Luther's actions played a crucial role in initiating the Protestant Reformation.

During the Enlightenment, the Third Estate, which consisted of the common people such as peasants, artisans, and merchants, embraced the ideas the most. The Enlightenment emphasized reason, individualism, and equality, which resonated with the Third Estate as they were often oppressed and marginalized by the First and Second Estates. The Third Estate sought social and political reforms, leading to the French Revolution, which was a result of their desire for change and equality.

Martin Luther was motivated to speak out against the Catholic Church because he witnessed the sell of indulgences getting out of control. He observed that people were spending a significant portion of their salary on "buying" forgiveness, which went against his beliefs. This exploitation of the faithful led Luther to challenge the Church's practices and advocate for reform.

The atomic bomb was not used during World War I because it had not been developed yet. The atomic bomb was only developed and used during World War II, specifically in the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. Therefore, it is the technology that was not used during WWI.

During the Enlightenment, there was indeed a shift from monarchies to revolutions that led to the development of other forms of government in Europe. This period was characterized by a growing emphasis on reason, individual rights, and the power of the people. Philosophers like John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau advocated for the idea of popular sovereignty and the social contract, which challenged the absolute authority of monarchs. This ultimately fueled movements such as the American Revolution and the French Revolution, leading to the establishment of republics and constitutional monarchies.

According to Thomas Jefferson, a republic form of government means that the power of the government rests with the citizens. They are the ones who directly and personally act according to the majority's rules.

The weakness of an imperial power caused by factors such as Napoleon's invasion of Spain, divisions among social classes, desire for independent democratic government, and desire for economic independence can result in a revolution. These factors create a volatile environment where the people, fueled by their desire for change and independence, rise up against the imperial power and seek to establish a new political order. A revolution is a significant and often violent change in the social, political, and economic structure of a country, which aligns with the circumstances described in the question.

The quote by John Locke emphasizes the idea that all individuals are equal and independent, and therefore, no one should harm another in their life, health, liberty, or possessions. This aligns with the concept of people having a right to equality and freedom. Locke's statement suggests that law teaches mankind the importance of respecting and protecting each other's rights and freedoms, emphasizing the Enlightenment belief in the inherent rights and equality of all individuals.

Deforestation has had a significant impact on modern societies by destroying wildlife habitats in the areas affected by deforestation. This destruction has led to a loss of biodiversity, disruption of ecosystems, and the endangerment or extinction of numerous plant and animal species. The loss of these habitats also has negative consequences for the overall health of ecosystems and can disrupt important ecological processes. Additionally, the destruction of wildlife habitats can have indirect effects on societies, such as the loss of natural resources and the potential for increased conflicts between humans and wildlife.

The given quote is from the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of Independence is a document that was adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, declaring the thirteen American colonies to be independent from British rule. It is a foundational document of the United States, outlining the principles of equality and individual rights that the country was founded upon.

The French Revolution can be characterized by the ideals of "Liberty, Equality, Brotherhood." Similar to the American Revolution's slogan of "No taxation without representation," the French Revolution aimed to fight against the oppressive monarchy and aristocracy, advocating for the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity among the people. These ideals became the guiding principles of the French Revolution, shaping the goals and aspirations of the revolutionaries and leading to significant social and political changes in France.

The Renaissance helped to spur the Age of Exploration because of the technological innovations and renewed the spirit of investigation- learning more about the world around them. During the Renaissance, there were significant advancements in shipbuilding, navigation, and cartography, which made long-distance travel and exploration more feasible. Additionally, the Renaissance fostered a curiosity and desire for knowledge, encouraging explorers to seek out new lands and expand their understanding of the world.

The given quote from Romesh Dutt suggests that the author views imperialism in India as beneficial. The author mentions that Englishmen have brought peace and introduced Western education, which has connected India with modern thought, science, and life. The author also praises the strong and efficient administration, wise laws, and established courts of justice that imperialism has brought. Therefore, the statement "Imperialism helped the people of India by advancing and modernizing their government structures" reflects the author's positive view of the impact of imperialism in India.

A social Darwinist might explain divisions within society by arguing that the upper class has a better ability to adapt and thrive within modern societies compared to the middle and lower classes. This explanation aligns with Charles Darwin's quote, which suggests that individuals with any advantage, no matter how slight, have the best chance of surviving and reproducing. In this context, the upper class is seen as having advantageous traits or resources that allow them to succeed and maintain their position of privilege in society.

During the Renaissance and Reformation Eras, the power and authority shifted as the Catholic Church lost its control over the people and the monarchs gained more power. This can be attributed to various factors such as the Protestant Reformation, which challenged the authority of the Church, and the rise of nation-states where monarchs sought to consolidate their power. As a result, the Church's influence decreased, and monarchs became the primary authority figures in many European countries.

England's desire to expand its empire led to the colonization of various territories and regions around the world. This colonization allowed England to establish control over valuable resources and establish trade routes, which had a significant impact on the global economy. England became a dominant player in global trade, exporting goods and establishing economic dominance in the colonies. This expansion also led to the displacement and exploitation of indigenous populations, further shaping the global economy through forced labor and resource extraction.

The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand was the immediate trigger that set off World War I, but it is not considered one of the main causes of the war. The main causes of WWI were nationalism, militarism, and alliances. Nationalism led to rivalries and competition between nations, militarism involved the buildup of military forces and arms race, and alliances created a complex web of obligations and commitments between countries. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand was an event that escalated tensions between Austria-Hungary and Serbia, leading to the outbreak of war, but it was not one of the underlying causes.

The faith that does not belong with the Protestant religions that grew out of the Reformation is Roman Catholic. The Reformation was a movement in the 16th century that aimed to reform the Roman Catholic Church and led to the establishment of various Protestant denominations. Roman Catholicism, on the other hand, is a separate branch of Christianity that remained unchanged and did not undergo significant reforms during the Reformation.

The likely result of the building of the Chunnel is greater trade and travel between England and other nations. The Chunnel provides a direct and efficient transportation link between England and France, allowing for easier movement of goods and people. This would facilitate increased trade and tourism between England and other European nations.

During the Renaissance, artists and thinkers were exposed to classical knowledge and art, which led to a shift in their perspective. As artists like Leonardo da Vinci started to challenge the explanations provided by the Church for the natural world, intellectuals began to explore scientific explanations instead. This shift in thinking eventually influenced modern culture by encouraging a pursuit of knowledge through scientific inquiry. It marked a departure from the dominance of religious explanations and paved the way for the development of modern scientific thought and understanding of the world.

The Spanish leaders in Latin America misused the Encomienda system by taking land from the inhabitants and enslaving the natives. The Encomienda system was initially intended to grant Spaniards an allotment of Indians who were to be protected and Christianized. However, instead of fulfilling this purpose, the Spanish leaders exploited the system by seizing land from the indigenous people and forcing them into labor, such as working the land, mining, and constructing public buildings. This resulted in the natives becoming forced laborers and being enslaved, which goes against the original intention of the Encomienda system.

The author feels that colonization benefited both the colonizer and the colonized. The exportation of laborers and capital from old to new countries adds to the joint wealth of both the old and new country. The author affirms that colonization is the best affair of business in which the wealth of an old and wealthy country can engage.

A traditional economic system is characterized by direct trade, as individuals exchange goods and services without the involvement of intermediaries. There is no competition as the focus is on maintaining customs and traditions. The system relies heavily on farming as the primary means of production.

The preamble to the US Constitution sets forth the functions and purpose of the US government. It outlines the goals and objectives of the government, such as forming a more perfect union, establishing justice, ensuring domestic tranquility, providing for the common defense, promoting the general welfare, and securing the blessings of liberty. This preamble serves as an introduction to the Constitution and provides a guiding principle for the government's actions and policies.

Imperialism impacted African societies by foreigners using the most fertile lands and taking wealth out of African nations. This is evident from the excerpt which states that white rulers owned the most fertile lands and mineral resources, which were worked by natives under their direction. The foreigners benefited from the resources and wealth of the African nations, while the hard work was done by the natives. This exploitation of resources and labor by foreigners resulted in the economic and social exploitation of African societies during the period of imperialism.

The correct answer is that a government that denies its people certain basic rights can be overthrown. This idea is expressed in the Declaration of Independence, which states that when a government becomes destructive to the rights of the people, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it and to institute a new government that will protect their rights. This concept reflects the belief in the inherent rights and sovereignty of the people, and the idea that government exists to serve and protect the rights of its citizens.

Montesquieu's view of government can be summarized as the belief that the government should be divided in order to ensure fairness to citizens. He argues that political liberty is achieved when individuals feel safe and are not afraid of others. This can only be achieved when the legislative, executive, and judicial powers are separated, as the concentration of power in one person or body of magistrates can lead to tyranny. Therefore, the government should be divided to prevent the abuse of power and to protect the rights and liberties of the citizens.

The best conclusion that can be reached is that economic freedom is found within the market economy system. This is because in a market economy, industry and farms are privately owned and operated, allowing producers and consumers to make most of the economic decisions. In contrast, in a command economy, the state owns collective farms and all types of industry, and government officials make all major economic decisions. In a traditional economy, economic decisions are based on customs and habits, with subsistence farming being practiced on small family farms. Therefore, the concept of economic freedom is most closely associated with the market economy system.

Gandhi's views about how government should rule its people can be best reflected in the statement "governments can bring the decline of their nations by enforcing rules with violence." In the quote, Gandhi criticizes the use of violence as a means to counter injustice and states that wars and violence only lead to the decline of a nation. He emphasizes the importance of fair laws and peaceful resistance, stating that as long as there is life in their bones, they will never comply with arbitrary laws. Therefore, the best reflection of Gandhi's views is that governments can bring the decline of their nations by enforcing rules with violence.

Joseph Schumpeter would likely have agreed with the economic theory of socialism. This is because socialism promotes the idea of collective ownership and control of the means of production, which aligns with Schumpeter's statement that innovations are normally the creation of business people. In a socialist system, the focus is on the welfare of society as a whole, rather than individual profit, which supports the idea of innovations being for the benefit of the community.

During the Industrial Revolution, advancements in technology and transportation allowed for increased trade and communication between nations. This led to a greater degree of interdependence among nations as they began to rely on each other for resources, goods, and markets. The development of global supply chains and the expansion of international trade networks created economic relationships that were more interconnected than ever before. This interdependence promoted economic growth and cooperation among nations, as they recognized the benefits of working together for mutual prosperity.