Copy Of Gateway B2 Unit 8 Reading And Use Of English
- 1.
Questions 13-20.Complete the second sentence so it means the same as the first, using the word given. Do not change the word given. Use between two and five words.
- 2.
Questions 1-12.Read the article about flooding. Six sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A–G the one which fits each gap. There is one extra sentence.
- 3.
People say that animals can predict a natural disaster.ABLEAnimals ……………………… to predict a natural disaster.
Explanation
Animals are said to be able to predict a natural disaster. This suggests that there is a belief or anecdotal evidence that animals possess some kind of instinct or sensitivity that allows them to sense impending natural disasters such as earthquakes or tsunamis. While the exact mechanisms behind this ability are not fully understood, it is thought that animals may be more attuned to subtle changes in the environment, such as shifts in electromagnetic fields or changes in behavior of other animals, which could indicate an imminent disaster. However, it is important to note that scientific evidence for this claim is limited and more research is needed to fully understand the extent of animals' predictive abilities.Rate this question:
- 4.
They believe that a cigarette started the fire.BEENThe fire ……………………… started by a cigarette.
Explanation
The given correct answer "is believed to have been" is the correct passive form of the sentence. It implies that there is a belief among some people that a cigarette started the fire. The use of the passive voice emphasizes the action of the cigarette as the cause of the fire, rather than focusing on who actually started it.Rate this question:
- 5.
They don’t know when the area will flood again.KNOWNIt ……………………… the area will flood again.
Explanation
The sentence states that the timing of the next flood in the area is uncertain or unknown. The correct answer options "is not known when" and "isn't known when" both convey this meaning accurately.Rate this question:
- 6.
People think that the climate will change a great deal over the next 20 years.ISIt ……………………… will change a great deal over the next 20 years.
Explanation
The correct answer is "is thought that the climate." This is because the phrase "is thought" indicates that it is a belief or perception held by people. Therefore, the sentence is saying that people believe or perceive that the climate will change a great deal over the next 20 years.Rate this question:
- 7.
They expect that the firefighters will arrive soon.TOThe firefighters ……………………… soon.
Explanation
The given sentence is in passive voice, indicating that someone has an expectation that the firefighters will arrive soon. The correct answer "are expected to arrive" maintains the passive voice and correctly completes the sentence by indicating that the firefighters are the ones who are expected to arrive soon.Rate this question:
- 8.
People need protection from flooding.BEPeople ……………………… from flooding.
Explanation
People need protection from flooding because it poses a significant risk to their safety, property, and livelihoods. Flooding can cause severe damage to homes, infrastructure, and the environment, leading to displacement, loss of life, and economic hardship. By being protected from flooding, individuals and communities can reduce the potential harm and negative impacts associated with this natural disaster. This can involve implementing measures such as building flood defenses, improving drainage systems, and implementing early warning systems to mitigate the risks and consequences of flooding events.Rate this question:
- 9.
The teacher gave the students an essay about pollution.WEREThe ……………………… about pollution by the teacher.
Explanation
The sentence is asking for a rephrasing using the word "WERE". The correct answer states "students were given an essay". This accurately conveys the original meaning of the sentence by indicating that the students received an essay on pollution from the teacher.Rate this question:
- 10.
My tutor often praises my work and I like that.BYI like ……………………… for my work.
Explanation
The answer "being praised by my tutor" is correct because the sentence implies that the speaker enjoys receiving praise from their tutor. The phrase "I like that" indicates a positive sentiment towards the action of being praised.Rate this question:
- 11.
Flooding: the new danger Areas in certain parts of the world have recently been hit by disastrous floods and others by a sequence of earthquakes. (1) …………… Away from earthquake zones, one worrying problem these days is flooding and it is predicted that as a result of the changes in climate, this type of disaster will occur with greater frequency in the future, affecting millions of people.
- A.
They drown, trapped in cars or swept away by fast-moving rivers.
- B.
There are also many ways in which people can improve defences to their own homes.
- C.
Unscrupulous builders develop low-lying land that is in great danger of flooding.
- D.
Firstly, there are those (one in five people in Britain) who live in constant fear of heavy rainfall.
- E.
This is welcome and will no doubt mean that they will be able to evacuate and save more people in the event of a massive flood.
- F.
Most of us know someone who has been caught up in the devastation caused by these events.
- G.
Therefore, some people may not have sufficient insurance to carry out the repairs to their flood damaged houses; others may have none.
Correct Answer
F. Most of us know someone who has been caught up in the devastation caused by these events.Explanation
The given answer is correct because it supports the statement in the passage that flooding is a worrying problem affecting millions of people. The answer suggests that most people have personal experiences or know someone who has been affected by flooding, reinforcing the idea that this type of disaster is widespread and has a significant impact on communities.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Read the article again and choose the best answers, A, B or C.Incidences of flooding are
- A.
Likely to increase.
- B.
Responsible for climate change.
- C.
Unpredictable.
Correct Answer
A. Likely to increase.Explanation
The correct answer is "likely to increase." This is because the article suggests that incidences of flooding are expected to increase in the future. It does not mention anything about flooding being responsible for climate change or being unpredictable.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Rescue services are usually
- A.
Ready for anything.
- B.
Inadequate.
- C.
Incompetent.
Correct Answer
B. Inadequate.Explanation
The correct answer is inadequate. This means that rescue services are not sufficient or capable enough to handle all situations. They may lack the necessary resources, training, or personnel to effectively respond to emergencies. This suggests that there is room for improvement in the preparedness and capabilities of rescue services.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The cost of flooding is
- A.
Purely financial.
- B.
Covered by insurance.
- C.
Also psychological.
Correct Answer
C. Also psychological.Explanation
The given answer, "also psychological," suggests that the cost of flooding is not only financial but also includes psychological impacts. Flooding can cause significant emotional distress, anxiety, and trauma to individuals and communities affected by it. The loss of personal belongings, displacement from homes, and the disruption of daily life can have long-lasting psychological effects on individuals and communities. Therefore, the cost of flooding extends beyond the financial aspect and includes the psychological toll it takes on those affected.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Practising for flood emergencies doesn’t
- A.
Provide realistic training.
- B.
Deal with the root of the problem.
- C.
Happen often enough.
Correct Answer
B. Deal with the root of the problem.Explanation
Practising for flood emergencies doesn't deal with the root of the problem. While practicing for flood emergencies is important for preparedness and response, it doesn't address the underlying causes of flooding or take measures to prevent or mitigate flood risks. Dealing with the root of the problem would involve implementing measures such as improving drainage systems, managing land use, and promoting sustainable water management practices to reduce the likelihood and impact of flooding.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Investment in flood defences now is
- A.
Worth it in the long run.
- B.
Too expensive.
- C.
Not a serious proposition.
Correct Answer
A. Worth it in the long run.Explanation
Investment in flood defences now is worth it in the long run because it implies that although the initial cost may be high, the benefits and protection provided by these defences in the future outweigh the expenses. By investing in flood defences, the potential damages caused by floods can be minimized, leading to reduced costs for repairs and recovery efforts. Additionally, it can help protect lives, infrastructure, and the economy in the long term, making it a worthwhile investment.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Experts believe we need to
- A.
Build more flood defences.
- B.
Redesign flooded houses.
- C.
Consider a variety of solutions.
Correct Answer
C. Consider a variety of solutions.Explanation
The correct answer is "consider a variety of solutions." This is because experts believe that addressing flood-related issues requires a comprehensive approach that includes considering multiple solutions. Simply building more flood defences or redesigning flooded houses may not be enough to effectively tackle the problem. By considering a variety of solutions, such as implementing better urban planning, improving drainage systems, and promoting sustainable water management practices, we can develop a more holistic and effective strategy to mitigate the impacts of flooding.Rate this question:
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- 18.
There are many victims of flooding. (2) …………… Every time it rains for longer than a day or two, they ask, ‘Will it be us this time? Will it be our house that is flooded?’ After the fear, comes the reality; tons of water spilling over the river banks, into roads, houses and over fields. People become trapped in their own homes when the road becomes a river and need to berescued by ill-prepared rescue services.
- A.
They drown, trapped in cars or swept away by fast-moving rivers.
- B.
There are also many ways in which people can improve defences to their own homes.
- C.
Unscrupulous builders develop low-lying land that is in great danger of flooding.
- D.
Firstly, there are those (one in five people in Britain) who live in constant fear of heavy rainfall.
- E.
This is welcome and will no doubt mean that they will be able to evacuate and save more people in the event of a massive flood.
- F.
Most of us know someone who has been caught up in the devastation caused by these events.
- G.
Therefore, some people may not have sufficient insurance to carry out the repairs to their flood damaged houses; others may have none.
Correct Answer
D. Firstly, there are those (one in five people in Britain) who live in constant fear of heavy rainfall.Explanation
The correct answer is "Firstly, there are those (one in five people in Britain) who live in constant fear of heavy rainfall." This answer is supported by the statement in the passage that "Every time it rains for longer than a day or two, they ask, 'Will it be us this time? Will it be our house that is flooded?'" This shows that a significant portion of the population lives in fear of flooding due to heavy rainfall.Rate this question:
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- 19.
How will we pay for it? Some insurance companies refuse to cover properties in certain areas because of the high risk of flooding. (4) ……………
- A.
They drown, trapped in cars or swept away by fast-moving rivers.
- B.
There are also many ways in which people can improve defences to their own homes.
- C.
Unscrupulous builders develop low-lying land that is in great danger of flooding.
- D.
Firstly, there are those (one in five people in Britain) who live in constant fear of heavy rainfall.
- E.
This is welcome and will no doubt mean that they will be able to evacuate and save more people in the event of a massive flood.
- F.
Most of us know someone who has been caught up in the devastation caused by these events.
- G.
Therefore, some people may not have sufficient insurance to carry out the repairs to their flood damaged houses; others may have none.
Correct Answer
G. Therefore, some people may not have sufficient insurance to carry out the repairs to their flood damaged houses; others may have none.Explanation
Some insurance companies refuse to cover properties in certain areas because of the high risk of flooding. Therefore, some people may not have sufficient insurance to carry out the repairs to their flood damaged houses; others may have none.Rate this question:
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- 20.
And people die in floods. (3) ……………………… Then we have the emotional and financial cost of flooding. Lifelong possessions are lost, security disappears and there is the worry over restoration.
- A.
They drown, trapped in cars or swept away by fast-moving rivers.
- B.
There are also many ways in which people can improve defences to their own homes.
- C.
Unscrupulous builders develop low-lying land that is in great danger of flooding.
- D.
Firstly, there are those (one in five people in Britain) who live in constant fear of heavy rainfall.
- E.
This is welcome and will no doubt mean that they will be able to evacuate and save more people in the event of a massive flood.
- F.
Most of us know someone who has been caught up in the devastation caused by these events.
- G.
Therefore, some people may not have sufficient insurance to carry out the repairs to their flood damaged houses; others may have none.
Correct Answer
A. They drown, trapped in cars or swept away by fast-moving rivers.Explanation
The given answer explains that people die in floods by being trapped in cars or swept away by fast-moving rivers. This suggests that the force and speed of the water can overpower individuals, leading to their drowning or being carried away. This explanation aligns with the previous statement regarding the emotional and financial cost of flooding, highlighting the potential loss of life as one of the tragic consequences.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Rescue services regularly carry out flood simulation emergency practice where they get vital, realistic practice of what to do if the real thing should happen. (5) …………… However, this is like a doctor treating the symptoms and not the cause of a problem. We need to prevent the flooding in the first place.
- A.
They drown, trapped in cars or swept away by fast-moving rivers.
- B.
There are also many ways in which people can improve defences to their own homes.
- C.
Unscrupulous builders develop low-lying land that is in great danger of flooding.
- D.
Firstly, there are those (one in five people in Britain) who live in constant fear of heavy rainfall.
- E.
This is welcome and will no doubt mean that they will be able to evacuate and save more people in the event of a massive flood.
- F.
Most of us know someone who has been caught up in the devastation caused by these events.
- G.
Therefore, some people may not have sufficient insurance to carry out the repairs to their flood damaged houses; others may have none.
Correct Answer
E. This is welcome and will no doubt mean that they will be able to evacuate and save more people in the event of a massive flood.Explanation
The given answer suggests that the regular flood simulation emergency practice conducted by rescue services is a positive and beneficial action. It implies that this practice allows rescue services to gain valuable experience and skills, enabling them to effectively evacuate and save more people in the event of a real flood.Rate this question:
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- 22.
It is accepted that we cannot reverse climate change, but we can certainly spend money on strengthening sea and river walls. (6) …………… The problem is that, as always, these things cost a lot of money. However, surely it is worth investing this money now, if it will prevent even greater monetary loss later. It is something that the government needs to take seriously because it’s a problem that is not going to go away. Indeed, if anything, the situation is likely to get worse. Many experts believe that those responsible will need to look at a range of measures, not just flood defences, but also land management schemes and even how we design our homes so that floods do less damage to property when they do occur and houses can be lived in again soon after the waters recede. It seems that our approach to flooding needs a complete rethink.
- A.
They drown, trapped in cars or swept away by fast-moving rivers.
- B.
There are also many ways in which people can improve defences to their own homes.
- C.
Unscrupulous builders develop low-lying land that is in great danger of flooding.
- D.
Firstly, there are those (one in five people in Britain) who live in constant fear of heavy rainfall.
- E.
This is welcome and will no doubt mean that they will be able to evacuate and save more people in the event of a massive flood.
- F.
Most of us know someone who has been caught up in the devastation caused by these events.
- G.
Therefore, some people may not have sufficient insurance to carry out the repairs to their flood damaged houses; others may have none.
Correct Answer
B. There are also many ways in which people can improve defences to their own homes.Explanation
The given correct answer suggests that one of the ways to address the problem of flooding is for individuals to improve the defenses of their own homes. This implies that individuals can take proactive measures to protect their properties from flood damage, such as installing flood barriers, raising electrical outlets, or waterproofing basements. By doing so, individuals can reduce the impact of flooding on their homes and potentially minimize the need for costly repairs or relocation. This emphasizes the importance of individual responsibility and action in mitigating the effects of flooding.Rate this question:
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