Clp Midterm Exam Study
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Is rooted in cultural heritage, nationality characteristics, race, religion, and language.
- A.
Gender
- B.
Culture
- C.
Ethnicity
- D.
Psychology
Correct Answer
C. EthnicityExplanation
Ethnicity refers to a person's cultural background, nationality characteristics, race, religion, and language, which are all factors that contribute to a person's identity. It is a social construct that defines a group of individuals who share common cultural traditions and customs. Therefore, the given answer is ethnicity as it accurately describes the concept of cultural heritage, nationality characteristics, race, religion, and language.Rate this question:
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- 2.
“This is the greatest self-help book I’ve ever read,” says Belle. “The author really knows what she is talking about. She bases her advice on her own experiences.” Based upon the guidelines presented in your textbook, Belle ought to be
- A.
Cautious of the advice given since it is based on anecdotal experiences.
- B.
Thankful for getting sound wisdom founded on reliable personal evidence.
- C.
Grateful for the similarity of the author’s and reader’s intuitions.
- D.
Cautious since the book is based on psycholinguistics.
Correct Answer
A. Cautious of the advice given since it is based on anecdotal experiences.Explanation
The correct answer is cautious of the advice given since it is based on anecdotal experiences. This is because Belle mentions that the author bases her advice on her own experiences, which means that it is subjective and not necessarily backed by scientific evidence or research. Anecdotal experiences can be biased and may not apply to everyone's situation, so it is important to approach such advice with caution.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Three undecided voters watch the presidential debates. One thought the Democratic candidate performed better, one thought the Republican candidate did better, and one saw the debate as a tie. If these friends are critical thinkers, they will listen to the others’ observations because they:
- A.
Want to be able to convince the other two to vote for his/her candidate.
- B.
Recognize the importance of multiple perspectives.
- C.
Realize that only one perspective can be correct.
- D.
Like to argue.
Correct Answer
B. Recognize the importance of multiple perspectives.Explanation
Critical thinkers recognize the importance of multiple perspectives because they understand that different individuals may have different observations and interpretations. They value diverse viewpoints as it provides a more comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. By listening to the others' observations, they can broaden their own understanding and make more informed decisions. This aligns with the principle of critical thinking, which encourages individuals to consider various viewpoints before forming their own conclusions.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Jeffery wanted to make sure that the preexisting condition of motivation would not affect his experiment on the effects of study skills on grades. He should:
- A.
Allow the subjects to volunteer to be in the experimental and control groups
- B.
Use personality tests to place subjects in the experimental and control groups
- C.
Use random assignment of subjects to the experimental and control groups
- D.
Teach both groups study skills and see which group actually utilized the skills
Correct Answer
C. Use random assignment of subjects to the experimental and control groupsExplanation
Random assignment of subjects to the experimental and control groups is the correct answer because it helps in minimizing the impact of preexisting conditions, such as motivation, on the experiment. By randomly assigning subjects to the groups, any potential differences in motivation or other variables are spread evenly across both groups. This allows for a more accurate comparison of the effects of study skills on grades, as any observed differences can be attributed to the intervention rather than preexisting conditions.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Consist of thoughts, feelings, and motives that each person experiences privately but cannot be observed directly.
- A.
Inferences
- B.
Behavior
- C.
Contexts
- D.
Mental Processes
Correct Answer
D. Mental ProcessesExplanation
The given statement describes mental processes, which are the internal activities of the mind that include thoughts, feelings, and motives. These processes are subjective and cannot be directly observed by others. Inferences refer to conclusions or deductions made based on observations or evidence. Behavior pertains to the actions or reactions displayed by individuals. Contexts refer to the circumstances or surroundings in which something occurs. Therefore, the correct answer is mental processes as it aligns with the description provided.Rate this question:
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- 6.
According to your textbook, adjustment without _______ is likely to be a hollow achievement.
- A.
Passive acceptance
- B.
Compromise
- C.
Growth
- D.
Positive reinforcement
Correct Answer
C. GrowthExplanation
Adjustment without growth is likely to be a hollow achievement because growth implies progress, development, and improvement. Without growth, any adjustment made would be stagnant and lack meaningful change. Growth is necessary for individuals and organizations to evolve, learn from experiences, and adapt to new challenges. It is through growth that adjustments can lead to real and lasting transformation, making them meaningful and impactful.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Conclusions that people draw from behavior:
- A.
Mental Processes
- B.
Inferences
- C.
Contexts
- D.
Psychology
Correct Answer
B. InferencesExplanation
The correct answer is "Inferences". When people observe someone's behavior, they often make inferences about their mental processes, the context in which the behavior occurs, and the underlying psychology behind it. Inferences involve using available information to make logical deductions and assumptions about someone's thoughts, feelings, and intentions based on their behavior. This process helps individuals understand and interpret the actions of others, allowing them to make judgments and predictions about their behavior.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The process of thinking reflectively, productively, and evaluating the evidence.
- A.
Critical Thinking
- B.
Adjustment
- C.
Contexts
- D.
Gender
Correct Answer
A. Critical ThinkingExplanation
Critical thinking is the process of analyzing and evaluating information or arguments in a reflective and productive manner. It involves considering different perspectives, questioning assumptions, and assessing the evidence to make informed decisions or judgments. Critical thinking helps individuals to think logically, solve problems effectively, and make sound judgments based on evidence and reasoning. It is an essential skill in various contexts, such as education, professional settings, and everyday life, as it enables individuals to think independently and make well-informed decisions.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Since being in college, you have learned to manage your time and get along with your roommate, and you have changed your major. The psychological process of __________ has allowed you to have a more fulfilling year in college.
- A.
Cognitive dissonance
- B.
Assimilation
- C.
adjustment
- D.
Introspection
Correct Answer
C. adjustmentExplanation
Adjustment refers to the process of adapting and making changes in response to new experiences or situations. In this context, the individual has learned to manage their time, get along with their roommate, and change their major, indicating that they have made necessary adjustments to have a more fulfilling year in college.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The scientific term for how people evaluate their lives in terms of their happiness and life satisfaction.
- A.
Contexts
- B.
Ethnicity
- C.
Culture
- D.
Subjective well-being
Correct Answer
D. Subjective well-beingExplanation
Subjective well-being refers to the scientific term for how individuals assess and evaluate their lives in terms of happiness and life satisfaction. It encompasses an individual's subjective perception of their overall well-being, including their emotional experiences and cognitive judgments about their life. This term takes into account various factors such as personal values, goals, and cultural influences that contribute to an individual's overall sense of well-being. It provides a holistic understanding of an individual's happiness and life satisfaction beyond objective measures, allowing for a more comprehensive evaluation of one's overall quality of life.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The belief that one can master a situation and produce positive outcomes.
- A.
Self-efficacy
- B.
Classical conditioning
- C.
Operant conditioning
- D.
Reinforcement
Correct Answer
A. Self-efficacyExplanation
Self-efficacy refers to the belief that one can successfully control and influence their own actions and the outcomes of those actions. It is the belief in one's ability to master a situation and achieve positive results. This belief in self-efficacy plays a crucial role in motivation, goal-setting, and perseverance. It is different from classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and reinforcement, which are all related to learning and behavior modification.Rate this question:
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- 12.
A pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world.
- A.
Collective unconscious
- B.
Archetypes
- C.
Individual psychology
- D.
Personality
Correct Answer
D. PersonalityExplanation
Personality refers to a pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world. It encompasses a person's unique traits, attitudes, and behaviors that are consistent over time and across different situations. Personality is influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and social factors, and it plays a significant role in shaping an individual's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The correct sequence of Freud's stages of personality development are:
- A.
Anal, oral, phallic, genital, latency
- B.
Oral, anal, latency, genital, phallic
- C.
Anal, oral, phallic latency, genital
- D.
oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
Correct Answer
D. oral, anal, phallic, latency, genitalExplanation
Freud's stages of personality development begin with the oral stage, where the focus is on the mouth and oral activities such as sucking and biting. This is followed by the anal stage, where the focus shifts to the anus and toilet training becomes important. The next stage is the phallic stage, where the focus is on the genitals and children develop unconscious sexual desires for the opposite-sex parent. After the phallic stage comes the latency stage, where sexual desires are repressed and children focus on developing social and intellectual skills. Finally, the genital stage occurs during adolescence and adulthood, where individuals develop mature sexual interests and establish intimate relationships.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Clinical techniques that involve an individual drawing a person, completing incomplete sentences, or saying the first word that comes to mind when presented with a word, such as fear or happy, would be considered:
- A.
Self-report tests
- B.
Projective tests
- C.
Cognitive assessments
- D.
Behavioral assessments
Correct Answer
B. Projective testsExplanation
Projective tests involve presenting ambiguous stimuli to individuals and asking them to respond, allowing their unconscious thoughts and feelings to be revealed. The techniques mentioned, such as drawing a person, completing sentences, or responding to words, are all examples of projective tests. These tests aim to uncover hidden aspects of a person's personality, emotions, or motivations that may not be easily accessible through other types of assessments. Self-report tests, on the other hand, rely on individuals' conscious and voluntary responses, while cognitive and behavioral assessments focus more on specific cognitive abilities or observable behaviors.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The Freudian structure of personality that deals with morality.
- A.
Personality
- B.
Id
- C.
Ego
- D.
Superego
Correct Answer
D. SuperegoExplanation
The superego is the Freudian structure of personality that deals with morality. It represents the internalized moral standards and values that an individual acquires from society and authority figures. The superego acts as a moral compass, regulating and controlling the individual's behavior based on societal norms and ideals. It is responsible for feelings of guilt and shame when one goes against these moral standards. The superego helps to balance the impulsive and pleasure-seeking nature of the id with the reality and moral constraints imposed by the ego.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which psychological perspective views personality as being primarily unconscious and emphasizes that early experiences with parents play an important role in the development of one’s personality?
- A.
Humanistic perspective
- B.
Behavioral perspective
- C.
Trait perspective
- D.
Psychodynamic perspective
Correct Answer
D. Psychodynamic perspectiveExplanation
The psychodynamic perspective views personality as primarily unconscious and emphasizes the role of early experiences with parents in shaping one's personality. This perspective, developed by Sigmund Freud, suggests that unconscious desires and conflicts influence behavior and personality development. It focuses on the importance of childhood experiences, particularly the relationship with parents, in shaping one's personality and behavior patterns. This perspective also highlights the role of defense mechanisms in protecting the individual from anxiety and maintaining psychological equilibrium.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The Freudian structure of personality that consists of instincts and is the individual's reservoir of psychic energy.
- A.
Superego
- B.
Ego
- C.
Id
- D.
Personality
Correct Answer
C. IdExplanation
The correct answer is "Id". The Id is the Freudian structure of personality that consists of instincts and is the individual's reservoir of psychic energy. It operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of desires and impulses without considering the consequences or societal norms. It is the most primitive and unconscious part of the mind, representing basic biological drives such as hunger, thirst, and sexual impulses. The Id operates on the unconscious level and is in constant conflict with the superego, which represents societal rules and moral values. The ego acts as a mediator between the Id and the superego, balancing the individual's desires with the demands of reality.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which of the following psychological theorists viewed behavior as merely a surface characteristic and advocated the understanding of personality through the exploration of the symbolic meanings of behavior and the deep inner-workings of the mind?
- A.
Albert Bandura
- B.
B.F. Skinner
- C.
Sigmund Freud
- D.
Carl Rogers
Correct Answer
C. Sigmund FreudExplanation
Sigmund Freud is the correct answer because he believed that behavior is a surface characteristic and that understanding personality requires exploring the symbolic meanings of behavior and the deep inner-workings of the mind. Freud's psychoanalytic theory emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind and the role of childhood experiences in shaping personality. He believed that unconscious conflicts and desires influenced behavior and that exploring these unconscious processes was essential in understanding personality.Rate this question:
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- 19.
As Mario is filling out his income tax forms, he makes the decision not to report all of his income. He figures that it is okay, because everyone cheats on their taxes; and besides, he needs the money more than the government does. Mario is exhibiting which defense mechanism?
- A.
Regression.
- B.
Displacement.
- C.
Rationalization.
- D.
Sublimation
Correct Answer
C. Rationalization.Explanation
Mario is exhibiting the defense mechanism of rationalization. This defense mechanism involves justifying or explaining one's actions or feelings in a rational or logical manner, even if they are not actually rational or logical. In this case, Mario is rationalizing his decision to not report all of his income by believing that everyone cheats on their taxes and that he needs the money more than the government does.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The Freudian structure of personality that deals with the demands of reality.
- A.
Ego
- B.
Superego
- C.
Psychodynamic perspectives
- D.
Id
Correct Answer
A. EgoExplanation
The ego, in Freudian psychology, is the part of the personality that deals with the demands of reality. It operates based on the reality principle, which seeks to satisfy the id's desires in a realistic and socially acceptable manner. The ego helps to mediate between the impulsive and instinctual desires of the id and the moral and societal standards of the superego. It strives to find a balance between these conflicting forces and make decisions that are practical and realistic.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Your representation of the attributes you believe or you actually possess.
- A.
Morita therapy
- B.
Value conflict
- C.
Actual self
- D.
Values
Correct Answer
C. Actual selfExplanation
The actual self refers to the representation of the attributes that an individual believes or actually possesses. It is the true reflection of one's personality, values, and characteristics. It is the perception of oneself as they truly are, without any pretense or façade. The actual self is important for self-awareness and self-acceptance, as it allows individuals to understand their true identity and make decisions based on their genuine values and beliefs.Rate this question:
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- 22.
A sense of integration of self in which different parts come together in a unified whole.
- A.
Possible selves
- B.
Identity
- C.
Self-esteem
- D.
Actual self
Correct Answer
B. IdentityExplanation
Identity refers to a sense of integration of self, where different parts come together in a unified whole. It encompasses the understanding and recognition of one's own unique qualities, values, beliefs, and experiences. Identity plays a crucial role in shaping an individual's behavior, choices, and interactions with others. It provides a sense of continuity and coherence in one's sense of self, helping to establish a stable and consistent sense of personal identity.Rate this question:
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- 23.
A form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community, aiming to help adolescents and emerging adults to become less self-centered and more strongly motivated to help others.
- A.
Ethnic identity
- B.
Psychological moratorium
- C.
Narcissism
- D.
Service learning
Correct Answer
D. Service learningExplanation
Service learning is a form of education that encourages students to actively engage in their communities and develop a sense of social responsibility. It aims to shift their focus from self-centeredness to a strong motivation to help others. Through service learning, adolescents and emerging adults can gain practical experience while also learning about social issues and the importance of making a positive impact in their communities. This approach helps students develop empathy, compassion, and a sense of civic duty, ultimately fostering a more well-rounded and socially conscious generation.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Every time David smells the least amount of smoke, he tends to relive the house fire he was in six months ago. Since that fire, David has also had difficulty sleeping, is easily startled, and has felt emotionally numb and unable to experience any real pleasure. David would most likely be diagnosed with:
- A.
Histrionic personality disorder.
- B.
Bipolar disorder.
- C.
Conversion disorder.
- D.
Post-traumatic stress disorder.
Correct Answer
D. Post-traumatic stress disorder.Explanation
David's symptoms of reliving the traumatic event, difficulty sleeping, being easily startled, and emotional numbness are consistent with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is a mental health condition that can occur after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. It is characterized by intrusive thoughts or memories of the event, avoidance of reminders of the event, negative changes in mood and cognition, and increased arousal and reactivity. Given David's symptoms and the fact that he experienced a house fire six months ago, it is likely that he would be diagnosed with PTSD.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Standards that we apply to determine the worth of things, ideas, or events. Our values reflect what matters most to us.
- A.
Psychological moratorium
- B.
Identity foreclosure
- C.
Identity achievement
- D.
Values
Correct Answer
D. ValuesExplanation
Values are the standards that we use to assess the importance or worth of things, ideas, or events. They represent what is most significant to us and guide our behavior and decision-making. Values can vary among individuals and cultures, reflecting their unique priorities and beliefs.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Marty is in a very unhappy and conflict-ridden marriage. Marty has begun to smoke again. According to stress research, what other behaviors is Marty likely to exhibit?
- A.
Overeating
- B.
Lack of exercise.
- C.
Increased blood pressure.
- D.
All of the above.
Correct Answer
D. All of the above.Explanation
In a very unhappy and conflict-ridden marriage, Marty is likely to exhibit various stress-related behaviors. Smoking again is one such behavior, which can be seen as a coping mechanism or a way to relieve stress. Additionally, stress can also lead to overeating as a form of emotional eating or seeking comfort. Lack of exercise is another common behavior as stress often decreases motivation and energy levels. Lastly, stress can increase blood pressure due to the body's physiological response to stress hormones. Therefore, all of the mentioned behaviors are likely to be exhibited by Marty.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Due to cutbacks in the state budget, Patti’s caseload as a social worker has increased from 45 clients to 75 clients. For the last six months, Patti has put in overtime and even taken paperwork home in order to continue meeting the needs of all of her clients. Patti is constantly tired; and no matter how much she does, Patti still feels that she is not doing enough. Patti is probably beginning to experience:
- A.
Conflict.
- B.
Eustress.
- C.
The alarm stage.
- D.
Burnout.
Correct Answer
D. Burnout.Explanation
Patti's increased workload, constant tiredness, and feeling of not doing enough indicate that she is likely experiencing burnout. Burnout is a state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by prolonged stress and overwork. Patti's symptoms align with the common signs of burnout, such as feeling overwhelmed, depleted, and having a reduced sense of accomplishment. This is a common issue for individuals in high-stress professions, like social work, when they become emotionally and physically drained due to excessive demands and limited resources.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Your representation of the attributes you would like to ideally posses that is, a representation of your hopes, aspirations, and values.
- A.
Actual self
- B.
Self-esteem
- C.
Ideal self
- D.
Self-concept
Correct Answer
C. Ideal selfExplanation
The ideal self refers to the representation of the attributes that an individual would ideally like to possess. It represents their hopes, aspirations, and values. It is a reflection of how they would like to be perceived by themselves and others. The ideal self is often influenced by societal norms, personal goals, and the individual's own perception of what is desirable. It serves as a guide for personal growth and development, motivating individuals to work towards becoming their best version.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Karen has consistently experienced the same daily hassles at her job for the past year. Karen is most likely to develop:
- A.
A Type A personality.
- B.
A Type B personality.
- C.
Eustress
- D.
A negative self-image.
Correct Answer
D. A negative self-image.Explanation
Karen has consistently experienced the same daily hassles at her job for the past year. This repeated exposure to stressful situations can lead to the development of a negative self-image. Constantly dealing with daily hassles can erode one's self-confidence and self-esteem, leading to a negative perception of oneself. This can have a detrimental effect on Karen's overall well-being and mental health.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Allan is jogging when he is confronted by a large, snarling dog. Allan’s heart beats faster, his muscles tense, and he gasps for air. Allan is in the _________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.
- A.
Resistance.
- B.
Appraisal.
- C.
Exhaustion.
- D.
Alarm.
Correct Answer
D. Alarm.Explanation
In the given scenario, Allan is jogging and suddenly encounters a large, snarling dog. This unexpected and potentially threatening situation triggers a physiological response in Allan, including an increased heart rate, tense muscles, and gasping for air. These symptoms are characteristic of the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome. During this stage, the body prepares itself to confront or flee from a perceived threat, activating the fight-or-flight response. Therefore, the correct answer is "alarm."Rate this question:
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- 31.
The response of individuals to stressors.
- A.
Stressors
- B.
Hardiness
- C.
Burnout
- D.
Stress
Correct Answer
D. StressExplanation
The response of individuals to stressors refers to how people react and cope with the various factors that cause stress in their lives. Stressors can be anything that causes physical or emotional tension, such as work pressure, relationship issues, or financial difficulties. Understanding how individuals respond to stressors is important in determining their level of resilience and ability to handle stressful situations.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Scott wants to purchase a car so he can drive himself to school. However, owning a car can be very expensive with insurance, gas, and repairs. Scott must be experiencing a(n):
- A.
Approach-avoidance conflict.
- B.
Avoidance-avoidance conflict.
- C.
Approach-approach conflict.
- D.
Double approach-avoidance conflict.
Correct Answer
A. Approach-avoidance conflict.Explanation
Scott wants to purchase a car because it would allow him to drive himself to school, which is an approach motivation. However, he is aware that owning a car can be very expensive, with costs such as insurance, gas, and repairs, which creates an avoidance motivation. Therefore, Scott is experiencing an approach-avoidance conflict, as he is both attracted to the benefits of owning a car and averse to the associated costs.Rate this question:
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- 33.
An anxiety disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event, severely oppressive situations, severe abuse, and natural and unnatural disasters.
- A.
Avoidance/Avoidance conflict
- B.
Post-traumatic stress disorder
- C.
Acculturative stress
- D.
Psychoneuroimmunology
Correct Answer
A. Avoidance/Avoidance conflictExplanation
The given correct answer, "Avoidance/Avoidance conflict," does not seem to be a fitting explanation for the description provided. The description mentions an anxiety disorder that develops through exposure to traumatic events, oppressive situations, abuse, and disasters. Avoidance/Avoidance conflict refers to a type of conflict where an individual is faced with two undesirable options and must choose between them. This does not align with the given description, so the answer appears to be incorrect or unrelated.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Selye's term for the common effects on the body when stressors persist. The GAS consists of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
- A.
Catharsis
- B.
Cognitive appraisal
- C.
Psychoneuroimmunology
- D.
General adaptation syndrome
Correct Answer
D. General adaptation syndromeExplanation
General adaptation syndrome (GAS) is Selye's term for the common effects on the body when stressors persist. It consists of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. This term describes the body's response to stress and how it adapts to prolonged stressors. The alarm stage is the initial reaction to stress, where the body prepares for fight or flight. The resistance stage is when the body tries to cope with the stressor and maintain normal functioning. Finally, the exhaustion stage occurs when the body's resources are depleted, leading to physical and emotional exhaustion.Rate this question:
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- 35.
A state of physical and emotional exhaustion that includes a hopeless feeling, chronic fatigue, and low energy.
- A.
Stress
- B.
Burnout
- C.
Approach/Avoidance conflict
- D.
Avoidance/Avoidance conflict
Correct Answer
B. BurnoutExplanation
Burnout is a state of physical and emotional exhaustion that includes a hopeless feeling, chronic fatigue, and low energy. This term is commonly used to describe the negative impact of chronic stress, particularly in work-related situations. Burnout can occur when individuals experience prolonged periods of stress without adequate rest and recovery. It is characterized by feelings of cynicism, detachment, and a reduced sense of accomplishment. Burnout can have significant consequences on both mental and physical health, and it is important to address and manage it effectively to prevent further negative outcomes.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Lazarus' term for individuals' interpretation of the events in their lives as harmful, threatening, or challenging and their determination of whether they have the resources to effectively cope with the events.
- A.
Hardiness
- B.
General adaptation syndrome
- C.
Cognitive appraisal
- D.
Catharsis
Correct Answer
C. Cognitive appraisalExplanation
Cognitive appraisal refers to individuals' interpretation of the events in their lives as harmful, threatening, or challenging and their determination of whether they have the resources to effectively cope with the events. This involves assessing the significance of the event and evaluating one's ability to handle it. This concept is important in Lazarus' theory of stress and coping, as it emphasizes the role of cognitive processes in determining how individuals perceive and respond to stressful situations.Rate this question:
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- 37.
They teach individuals how to appraise stressful events, how to develop skills for coping with stress, and how to put these skills into use in one’s everyday life.
- A.
Avoidance coping strategies
- B.
Active-behavioral strategies
- C.
Active-cognitive strategies
- D.
Stress-management programs
Correct Answer
D. Stress-management programsExplanation
Stress-management programs are designed to teach individuals how to assess and evaluate stressful events, develop effective coping skills, and apply these skills in their daily lives. These programs aim to help individuals better manage and reduce stress by providing them with strategies and techniques to deal with stressors in a proactive and constructive manner. By participating in stress-management programs, individuals can learn how to effectively cope with stress and improve their overall well-being.Rate this question:
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- 38.
A system of mental exercises that help the individual to attain bodily or mental control and well-being, as well as enlightenment.
- A.
Meditation
- B.
Social Support
- C.
Transcendental Meditation
- D.
Self-Talk
Correct Answer
A. MeditationExplanation
Meditation is a system of mental exercises that can help individuals achieve control over their body and mind, leading to overall well-being and enlightenment. Through meditation, individuals can cultivate mindfulness, reduce stress, improve concentration, and enhance self-awareness. It involves techniques such as focusing attention on the breath, practicing visualization, or repeating mantras. Regular meditation practice has been shown to have numerous benefits for mental and physical health, including reducing anxiety and depression, improving sleep quality, and boosting immune function. Therefore, meditation is the correct answer in this context.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Involves managing taxing circumstances, expending effort to solve life's problems, and seeking to master or reduce stress.
- A.
Meditation
- B.
Self-Talk
- C.
Coping
- D.
Thought Stopping
Correct Answer
C. CopingExplanation
Coping refers to the process of managing challenging or stressful situations in life. It involves actively dealing with taxing circumstances, expending effort to solve problems, and seeking to master or reduce stress. Coping strategies can vary from person to person and may include various techniques such as relaxation exercises, seeking support from others, or engaging in activities that help alleviate stress. Coping is an essential skill that helps individuals navigate through difficult times and maintain their well-being.Rate this question:
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- 40.
It is the second week in Nov, and Donna is beginning to review some of her earlier notes in psychology so she will be better prepared for the final exam next month. Donna is using:
- A.
Reactive coping.
- B.
Anticipatory coping.
- C.
Preventative coping.
- D.
Emotion-focused coping.
Correct Answer
B. Anticipatory coping.Explanation
Donna is engaging in anticipatory coping because she is proactively reviewing her earlier notes in psychology to prepare for the final exam next month. This coping strategy involves taking action in advance to prevent or minimize potential stressors or problems. By reviewing her notes ahead of time, Donna is preparing herself mentally and increasing her chances of success on the exam.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Janie is facing a very stressful semester with several very difficult courses as well as added responsibilities at her part-time job. According to the textbook, which of the following strategies would BEST help Janie to manage this cluster of stressful life events?
- A.
The use of social support.
- B.
Exercising regularly.
- C.
The use of meditation or relaxation.
- D.
The use of all of these in combination rather than a single strategy.
Correct Answer
D. The use of all of these in combination rather than a single strategy.Explanation
Using a combination of social support, regular exercise, and meditation or relaxation would be the best strategy for Janie to manage her cluster of stressful life events. Social support can provide emotional and practical assistance, while regular exercise can help reduce stress and improve overall well-being. Additionally, meditation or relaxation techniques can help Janie relax and manage her stress levels. By utilizing all of these strategies together, Janie can effectively cope with the challenges she is facing.Rate this question:
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- 42.
A specific self-control strategy in which the individual says “Stop!” when an unwanted thought occurs and then immediately replaces it with a more pleasant thought.
- A.
Active-cognitive strategies
- B.
Active-behavioral strategies
- C.
Thought Stopping
- D.
Avoidance coping strategies
Correct Answer
C. Thought StoppingExplanation
Thought stopping is a self-control strategy that involves interrupting unwanted thoughts by saying "Stop!" and replacing them with more pleasant thoughts. This technique helps individuals to gain control over their thought processes and redirect their focus towards more positive and helpful thoughts. By actively stopping negative thoughts and replacing them with positive ones, individuals can improve their emotional well-being and reduce distress. Thought stopping is considered an effective strategy for managing intrusive or distressing thoughts.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Also called self-statements, self-talk refers to the soundless, mental speech people use when they think about something, plan, or solve problems.
- A.
Biofeedback
- B.
Self-Talk
- C.
Coping
- D.
Empowerment
Correct Answer
B. Self-TalkExplanation
Self-talk, also known as self-statements, is a form of internal speech that individuals engage in when they think, plan, or solve problems. It is a soundless and mental process that allows individuals to process information and guide their actions. Self-talk can be positive or negative, and it plays a significant role in regulating emotions, boosting confidence, and enhancing problem-solving skills. It is a powerful tool for self-reflection, self-motivation, and self-control.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Toby keeps a journal listing all the ridiculous events that happen each day, including his own laughable mistakes. According to research, this informal log:
- A.
Will decrease Toby's stress levels.
- B.
Will strengthen Toby's immune system.
- C.
Is a reflection of Toby's self-acceptance.
- D.
Includes all of the above benefits.
Correct Answer
D. Includes all of the above benefits.Explanation
Keeping a journal listing ridiculous events and laughable mistakes can have multiple benefits for Toby. Firstly, it can help decrease his stress levels by providing an outlet for him to express and reflect on his experiences. Secondly, it can strengthen his immune system as research has shown that expressive writing can have positive effects on physical health. Lastly, maintaining such a journal can be seen as a reflection of Toby's self-acceptance, as he embraces and acknowledges both the good and the bad in his life. Therefore, the correct answer is that the journal includes all of the above benefits.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Chuck is having trouble growing vegetables in his new garden plot, so he sends a sample of the soil to a lab for analysis. According to Lazarus, Chuck is trying to deal with this situation by:
- A.
Emotion-focused coping.
- B.
Meaning-making coping.
- C.
Problem-focused coping.
- D.
Active-cognitive strategies.
Correct Answer
C. Problem-focused coping.Explanation
Chuck is using problem-focused coping because he is taking a proactive approach to address the issue of not being able to grow vegetables in his new garden plot. He is seeking a solution by sending a soil sample to a lab for analysis, which indicates that he is focused on identifying and solving the problem directly.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Sydney has been described as having an internal locus of control and a high degree of self-efficacy. However, she is still having trouble losing the weight that she wants to lose. According to the social cognitive theorists, the MOST likely cause of her failure to lose weight would be:
- A.
Her perception of herself as a victim.
- B.
Her lack of support from her family and friends.
- C.
Her inability to delay the gratification of eating her favorite foods.
- D.
Her genetic make-up and her slower middle-age metabolism.
Correct Answer
C. Her inability to delay the gratification of eating her favorite foods.Explanation
According to the social cognitive theorists, Sydney's inability to delay the gratification of eating her favorite foods is the most likely cause of her failure to lose weight. This suggests that she lacks self-control and is unable to resist the temptation of indulging in unhealthy foods, which hinders her weight loss efforts. Despite having an internal locus of control and a high degree of self-efficacy, her inability to control her eating habits is preventing her from achieving her weight loss goals.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Jun 30, 2010Quiz Created by
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