A practice exam for the book Infants and Children by Laura E. Berk. Covers Chapter 2-4.
Doctors.
Certified nurse-midwives.
Experienced family members.
Childbirth managers.
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15
20
25
30
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Constitutes a macrosystem.
Protects children from environmental stressors.
Introduces children to the physical world, creates unique bonds, and teaches fundamental skills and values.
Guards children from most indirect influences.
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Taste.
Vision.
Hearing
Smell.
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An unplanned pregnancy
If the mother is over age 35
The parents’ levels of education
A pregnancy in the third trimester
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Blastocyst burrows into the uterine lining.
Sperm penetrates and fertilizes the ovum.
Trophoblast forms the chorion.
Amnion encloses the developing organism.
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Temperature regulation.
Antibody production.
Blood circulation.
Waste filtration.
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Are more likely to have an episiotomy.
Prefer lying flat on their backs with their feet in stirrups.
Are less likely to have cesarean births.
Tend to be more nervous and, therefore, experience more birth complications.
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Vitamin-mineral enrichment
Reduced consumption of dairy products
Food that has been thoroughly irradiated
Foods that are low in folic acid
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From contact with the urine of infected dogs.
By eating raw or undercooked meat.
Through unprotected sex with an infected person.
Through drug abuse.
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Earlier marriage.
Marital instability
Sexual abstinence
Governmental policy.
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Either an X or a Y chromosome.
Only short chromosomes.
An X chromosome.
All the genetic material the human organism needs.
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Adult diabetes.
A smooth or flattened philtrum.
Smaller head size.
Childhood cancer.
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Quiet alertness.
The REM state.
Drowsiness.
Regular sleep.
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Kangaroo care.
Intensive intervention to achieve necessary developmental gains.
Help developing the rooting and sucking reflexes.
More time in an isolette than economically advantaged babies.
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Children inherit certain parent-specific diseases.
The rate of sickle cell anemia is rising among North Americans of European descent.
Females are more likely to suffer the effects of X-linked inheritance.
Fragile X syndrome results in 2 to 3 percent of autism cases.
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As they gain more freedom, they seek environments that fit their genetic tendencies.
Their heredity evokes stronger responses that, in turn, prompt them to display certain behaviors even more.
Their hereditary traits become less strongly canalized.
They cease to engage in niche-picking.
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Show delays in mental development.
Develop a heightened sensitivity to pain
Get low NNNS scores.
Become unusually attached to their parents.
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Radiation.
Mistakes during meiosis.
Somatic mutation.
Prader-Willi syndrome.
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Expect their children to be polite and obedient before all else.
Talk to and stimulate their infants and preschoolers more.
Encourage their female children more than their male children.
Pass on higher levels of stress to their children.
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They and the fetus tend to develop Rh factor incompatibility.
Their systems often produce high levels of cortisol.
Their bodies have had more time to absorb environmental teratogens.
Menopause and aging reproductive organs often prevent them from conceiving naturally.
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Had greater success in Canada than in the United States.
Resulted in improved parent-infant interaction.
Been generally less effective than counselor-led parenting groups.
Done little to improve children’s cognitive and social development
Fallopian tube.
Ovum.
Zygote.
Sperm.
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It often requires more ova than most women produce.
Success declines steadily with age.
That rate is far lower when the man has fertility problems.
It can increase the risk of X-linked disease.
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Poor cognitive and language skills in early and middle childhood.
Respiratory distress syndrome.
Placenta previa.
Apgar scores low in heart rate but high in color.
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Women who have had three or more pregnancies.
Men with XYY syndrome.
Women of advanced maternal age.
Individuals with Down syndrome.
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The risk of malaria is slightly higher in Canada.
More African Canadians are recent immigrants than African Americans.
Incomplete dominance patterns are more common throughout the entire Canadian population
More African Canadians live at higher altitudes than African Americans.
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Value large families
Emphasize warm, personalized styles of interaction and a relaxed sense of time.
Encourage them to begin bearing children early.
Stress indirect discussion of intimate matters like pregnancy.
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Can cause the baby to produce too many stress hormones.
Is extremely painful for the mother.
May identify babies as being in danger, when, in fact, they are not.
Disrupts the home birth experience.
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Ensure that each generation receives a constant quantity of genetic material.
Stimulate the production of zygotes.
Prevent damaged genes from crossing over to the next generation.
Regulate the process of mitosis.
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Received too little oxygen during the birthing process.
Has a well-developed brain that enables quick learning in the first few months.
Bruised the mother’s cervix.
Produced the proper amount of cortisol.
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Is linked to maternal depression, anxiety, and sense of role overload.
Can help new parents establish essential bonds with their child.
Is the norm in the United States and Canada.
Is especially detrimental to middle-SES parents.
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An increase in Rh incompatibility between mothers and their babies.
Medical control over childbirth.
Complications during natural childbirth.
An increase in the number of babies in breech position.
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Feels a natural urge to squeeze and push with her abdominal muscles.
Pushes out the placenta.
Has contractions 8 to 10 minutes apart.
Transitions as her cervix opens completely.
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The faster parents leave welfare for work, the faster their children’s lives will improve.
Work requirements should be more stringent.
Welfare reform promotes children’s development only when it results in a more adequate standard of living.
Both countries’ commitment to providing affordable child care helped to decrease their welfare roles.
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Bleeding beneath the baby’s skin and external to the skull.
Low Apgar scores in infants.
Neck and torso deformities
Injury to the baby’s head and the mother’s tissues
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Would shift the burden of child rearing from the family to the state.
Is insufficiently collectivist.
Does not go as far toward protecting children as U.S. policies already in place.
Forces the United States to adopt principles that few other nations observe.
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Few significant developmental gains.
Greater mental advancement by the end of their first year.
Faster weight gain, more predictable sleep patterns, and greater alertness.
Slower weight gain than preterm babies cared for in an isolette.
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Put infants to sleep.
Function as a shared language between parent and child.
Help infants control distress and amount of stimulation.
Enable parents to manage their own anxieties.
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Are too dependent on the extent to which twin pairs reflect genetic and environmental variation.
Can easily be misapplied to suggest dubious genetic bases for certain traits.
Employ simplistic statistical procedures.
Tell us nothing about personality traits.
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Make hospital birth as comfortable and rewarding as possible.
Introduce European-style freestanding birth centers to North America.
Remove doctors entirely from the birthing experience.
Persuade women to have their babies at home.
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Women with children under age 5.
Ethnic minorities.
One or more members with mental illness.
People turned away from government-supported housing.
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Extreme facial malformations in babies.
High birth weight.
Convulsions in the mother and fetal death.
Higher levels of stress hormones crossing the placenta.
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Manufacturers have failed to provide adequate warnings.
The drug’s teratogenic effects have only recently been established.
The pregnancies were unplanned, and women who become pregnant without planning are often less responsive to teratogen counseling.
The pregnant women smoked while taking the drug.
Less than 20,000
About 50,000
More than 75,000
Nearly 1,000,000
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Normal readjustments of the central nervous system occur during that period.
Babies begin to learn more mature ways of expressing their desires.
After 6 weeks, babies sleep more
Around that time, parents generally feel more confident in their soothing techniques.
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Much higher in industrialized nations.
Slightly lower in Asia than elsewhere.
The same around the world.
Steadily rising in North America.
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Within 6 hours before or after ovulation.
During the week of ovulation.
On the day of or during the 2 days preceding ovulation.
During the 2 hours before or after ovulation.
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