Child Development Practice Exm Chpt 2-4

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  • 1/75 Questions

    The Apgar scale measures which of the following signs?

    • Mental alertness and hand-eye coordination
    • The speed with which the infant begins nursing
    • Breathing, blinking, and kicking
    • Heart rate, respiratory effort, reflex irritability, muscle tone, and color
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About This Quiz

A practice exam for the book Infants and Children by Laura E. Berk. Covers Chapter 2-4.

Child Development Practice Exm Chpt 2-4 - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Most home births are handled by

    • Doctors.

    • Certified nurse-midwives.

    • Experienced family members.

    • Childbirth managers.

    Correct Answer
    A. Certified nurse-midwives.
    Explanation
    Certified nurse-midwives are the most likely healthcare professionals to handle home births. They are trained and licensed to provide prenatal, childbirth, and postpartum care to low-risk pregnant individuals. They have the necessary skills and knowledge to handle the entire childbirth process in a home setting, ensuring the safety and well-being of both the mother and the baby. Doctors may also be involved in home births, but certified nurse-midwives are specifically trained for this purpose. Experienced family members and childbirth managers are not qualified healthcare professionals and are unlikely to handle home births.

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  • 3. 

    Male reproductive capacity gradually declines after age

    • 15

    • 20

    • 25

    • 30

    Correct Answer
    A. 30
    Explanation
    As men age, their reproductive capacity gradually declines. This decline is due to various factors such as a decrease in testosterone levels, a decrease in sperm quality and quantity, and an increased risk of genetic abnormalities in offspring. By the age of 30, men may start to experience a decline in fertility, making it more difficult for them to conceive naturally. Therefore, the correct answer is 30.

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  • 4. 

    The family is the most powerful context of development because it

    • Constitutes a macrosystem.

    • Protects children from environmental stressors.

    • Introduces children to the physical world, creates unique bonds, and teaches fundamental skills and values.

    • Guards children from most indirect influences.

    Correct Answer
    A. Introduces children to the physical world, creates unique bonds, and teaches fundamental skills and values.
    Explanation
    The family is considered the most powerful context of development because it plays a crucial role in introducing children to the physical world, creating unique bonds, and teaching them fundamental skills and values. Within the family, children learn about their surroundings, explore their environment, and develop their cognitive and social abilities. Additionally, the family provides a nurturing and supportive environment where children form close relationships and learn important life lessons. Through the family, children acquire essential skills, such as communication, problem-solving, and emotional regulation, as well as develop values and beliefs that shape their identity and behavior.

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  • 5. 

    The least developed of the senses at birth is

    • Taste.

    • Vision.

    • Hearing

    • Smell.

    Correct Answer
    A. Vision.
    Explanation
    At birth, a baby's vision is not fully developed. Newborns can only see objects that are within 8 to 12 inches from their face and their vision is blurry. As they grow, their visual acuity improves and they are able to see objects at a distance and perceive details. In contrast, babies are born with the ability to taste, hear, and smell, although these senses also continue to develop after birth. Therefore, vision is the least developed sense at birth.

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  • 6. 

    Of the following factors, which is especially likely to spark negative or ambivalent feelings about parenthood?

    • An unplanned pregnancy

    • If the mother is over age 35

    • The parents’ levels of education

    • A pregnancy in the third trimester

    Correct Answer
    A. An unplanned pregnancy
    Explanation
    An unplanned pregnancy is especially likely to spark negative or ambivalent feelings about parenthood because it can disrupt the plans and expectations of the individuals involved. It may lead to feelings of uncertainty, fear, and a sense of being unprepared for the responsibilities of parenthood. Additionally, it may also cause financial and emotional stress, as the individuals may not have had enough time to plan and prepare for the arrival of a child.

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  • 7. 

    During the period of the zygote, implantation occurs when the

    • Blastocyst burrows into the uterine lining.

    • Sperm penetrates and fertilizes the ovum.

    • Trophoblast forms the chorion.

    • Amnion encloses the developing organism.

    Correct Answer
    A. Blastocyst burrows into the uterine lining.
    Explanation
    During the period of the zygote, implantation occurs when the blastocyst burrows into the uterine lining. This is the correct answer because implantation is the process by which the blastocyst, which is a hollow ball of cells formed after fertilization, attaches to the uterine wall. The blastocyst then burrows or implants itself into the uterine lining, where it will continue to develop and receive nutrients from the mother's body. This is a crucial step in the early stages of pregnancy and is necessary for the embryo to establish a connection with the mother's blood supply.

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  • 8. 

    During the eighth month of pregnancy, a layer of fat develops to assist with

    • Temperature regulation.

    • Antibody production.

    • Blood circulation.

    • Waste filtration.

    Correct Answer
    A. Temperature regulation.
    Explanation
    During the eighth month of pregnancy, a layer of fat develops to assist with temperature regulation. This is because the mother's body needs to maintain a stable internal temperature to ensure the well-being of both herself and the developing fetus. The layer of fat acts as insulation, helping to keep the body warm and prevent heat loss. This is especially important as the body undergoes hormonal and physiological changes during pregnancy, which can affect temperature regulation. Antibody production, blood circulation, and waste filtration are all important processes during pregnancy, but they are not specifically related to the development of a layer of fat in the eighth month.

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  • 9. 

    Research indicates that mothers who are supported during labor

    • Are more likely to have an episiotomy.

    • Prefer lying flat on their backs with their feet in stirrups.

    • Are less likely to have cesarean births.

    • Tend to be more nervous and, therefore, experience more birth complications.

    Correct Answer
    A. Are less likely to have cesarean births.
    Explanation
    Research indicates that mothers who are supported during labor are less likely to have cesarean births. This is because having support during labor, such as from a doula or a supportive partner, can help reduce anxiety and stress levels, which in turn can lead to a more positive birthing experience. When mothers feel supported, they may be more confident in their ability to give birth naturally, and this can decrease the likelihood of needing a cesarean section.

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  • 10. 

    In addition to adequate quantities of food, which of the following nutritional factors is crucial to the health of newborns?

    • Vitamin-mineral enrichment

    • Reduced consumption of dairy products

    • Food that has been thoroughly irradiated

    • Foods that are low in folic acid

    Correct Answer
    A. Vitamin-mineral enrichment
    Explanation
    Newborns require adequate quantities of food for their health, but in addition to that, vitamin-mineral enrichment is crucial. This means that the food given to newborns should be fortified with essential vitamins and minerals to support their growth and development. These nutrients are important for various bodily functions and deficiencies can lead to health issues. Therefore, ensuring that newborns receive food with added vitamin-mineral enrichment is essential for their overall health.

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  • 11. 

    Pregnant women may become infected with toxoplasmosis

    • From contact with the urine of infected dogs.

    • By eating raw or undercooked meat.

    • Through unprotected sex with an infected person.

    • Through drug abuse.

    Correct Answer
    A. By eating raw or undercooked meat.
    Explanation
    Pregnant women may become infected with toxoplasmosis by eating raw or undercooked meat. Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection caused by the Toxoplasma gondii parasite. This parasite can be found in raw or undercooked meat, especially pork, lamb, and venison. If a pregnant woman consumes contaminated meat, she can contract the infection, which can be harmful to both her and the developing fetus. It is important for pregnant women to cook meat thoroughly and practice good hygiene to prevent toxoplasmosis.

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  • 12. 

    Of the following factors, which is a cause of declining family size in industrialized nations?

    • Earlier marriage.

    • Marital instability

    • Sexual abstinence

    • Governmental policy.

    Correct Answer
    A. Marital instability
    Explanation
    Marital instability is a cause of declining family size in industrialized nations because when marriages become unstable and end in divorce or separation, it often leads to a decrease in the number of children being born or raised within a family. Marital instability can result in couples choosing not to have children or delaying having children until their relationship becomes more stable. Additionally, marital instability can also lead to a decrease in the overall number of marriages, further contributing to declining family size in industrialized nations.

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  • 13. 

    Gametes that form in females carry

    • Either an X or a Y chromosome.

    • Only short chromosomes.

    • An X chromosome.

    • All the genetic material the human organism needs.

    Correct Answer
    A. An X chromosome.
    Explanation
    Gametes that form in females carry an X chromosome. This is because females have two X chromosomes, and during meiosis, one of the X chromosomes is randomly selected to be included in the gamete. The other X chromosome is discarded. Therefore, all the gametes produced by females will carry an X chromosome.

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  • 14. 

    Low levels of radiation, such as those resulting from medical X-rays, can increase the risk of

    • Adult diabetes.

    • A smooth or flattened philtrum.

    • Smaller head size.

    • Childhood cancer.

    Correct Answer
    A. Childhood cancer.
    Explanation
    Low levels of radiation, such as those resulting from medical X-rays, have been found to increase the risk of childhood cancer. Studies have shown that exposure to radiation during childhood can lead to the development of cancer later in life. This is why precautions are taken to limit the amount of radiation exposure in medical procedures, especially in children.

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  • 15. 

    Newborns spend most of their sleep time in

    • Quiet alertness.

    • The REM state.

    • Drowsiness.

    • Regular sleep.

    Correct Answer
    A. The REM state.
    Explanation
    Newborns spend most of their sleep time in the REM state. REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep is a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, increased brain activity, and vivid dreams. It is during this stage that newborns experience active sleep, which is important for their brain development and growth. During REM sleep, the brain is highly active, and it is believed to play a role in memory consolidation and learning. Therefore, it is understandable why newborns spend most of their sleep time in this state.

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  • 16. 

    Research findings suggest that both preterm and economically disadvantaged babies need

    • Kangaroo care.

    • Intensive intervention to achieve necessary developmental gains.

    • Help developing the rooting and sucking reflexes.

    • More time in an isolette than economically advantaged babies.

    Correct Answer
    A. Intensive intervention to achieve necessary developmental gains.
    Explanation
    Research findings suggest that both preterm and economically disadvantaged babies need intensive intervention to achieve necessary developmental gains. This means that these babies require extra support and assistance in order to reach their developmental milestones. This could include therapies, interventions, and specialized care to help them catch up to their peers in terms of their development. The other options mentioned, such as kangaroo care, rooting and sucking reflexes, and time in an isolette, may also be beneficial for these babies, but the research suggests that intensive intervention is the most important factor for achieving necessary developmental gains.

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  • 17. 

    The concept of genetic imprinting helps to explain why

    • Children inherit certain parent-specific diseases.

    • The rate of sickle cell anemia is rising among North Americans of European descent.

    • Females are more likely to suffer the effects of X-linked inheritance.

    • Fragile X syndrome results in 2 to 3 percent of autism cases.

    Correct Answer
    A. Children inherit certain parent-specific diseases.
    Explanation
    Genetic imprinting is a phenomenon in which certain genes are expressed differently depending on whether they are inherited from the mother or the father. This can result in the inheritance of parent-specific diseases, as certain genes may be turned on or off depending on their parental origin. Therefore, the concept of genetic imprinting helps to explain why children inherit certain parent-specific diseases.

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  • 18. 

    In older children, active genetic-environmental correlation becomes common because

    • As they gain more freedom, they seek environments that fit their genetic tendencies.

    • Their heredity evokes stronger responses that, in turn, prompt them to display certain behaviors even more.

    • Their hereditary traits become less strongly canalized.

    • They cease to engage in niche-picking.

    Correct Answer
    A. As they gain more freedom, they seek environments that fit their genetic tendencies.
    Explanation
    As children grow older and gain more freedom, they have the ability to choose and seek out environments that align with their genetic tendencies. This active genetic-environmental correlation occurs because they have the autonomy to select activities, hobbies, and social groups that cater to their natural inclinations. This correlation is a result of their increasing independence and the opportunities they have to shape their own experiences based on their genetic predispositions.

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  • 19. 

    Babies of depressed mothers often

    • Show delays in mental development.

    • Develop a heightened sensitivity to pain

    • Get low NNNS scores.

    • Become unusually attached to their parents.

    Correct Answer
    A. Show delays in mental development.
    Explanation
    Babies of depressed mothers often show delays in mental development. This is because maternal depression can negatively impact the mother-child relationship and the overall environment in which the baby grows. Depressed mothers may have difficulty providing consistent and responsive care, which is essential for the baby's cognitive and emotional development. Additionally, the stress and emotional instability associated with maternal depression can have detrimental effects on the baby's brain development and ability to learn and thrive.

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  • 20. 

    Most chromosomal defects result from

    • Radiation.

    • Mistakes during meiosis.

    • Somatic mutation.

    • Prader-Willi syndrome.

    Correct Answer
    A. Mistakes during meiosis.
    Explanation
    Chromosomal defects are abnormalities or changes in the structure or number of chromosomes. Meiosis is the process of cell division that produces gametes (eggs and sperm) and is responsible for the distribution of chromosomes. Mistakes during meiosis, such as errors in chromosome pairing, separation, or recombination, can lead to chromosomal defects. Radiation can also cause chromosomal defects, but it is not the most common cause. Somatic mutation refers to genetic changes that occur in non-reproductive cells and is not directly related to chromosomal defects. Prader-Willi syndrome is a specific genetic disorder, but it is not the most common cause of chromosomal defects.

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  • 21. 

    Compared to low-SES parents, high-SES parents tend to

    • Expect their children to be polite and obedient before all else.

    • Talk to and stimulate their infants and preschoolers more.

    • Encourage their female children more than their male children.

    • Pass on higher levels of stress to their children.

    Correct Answer
    A. Talk to and stimulate their infants and preschoolers more.
    Explanation
    High-SES parents tend to talk to and stimulate their infants and preschoolers more compared to low-SES parents. This can be attributed to the fact that high-SES parents often have more resources and access to educational materials, which allows them to engage in more interactive and stimulating activities with their children. This increased interaction and stimulation can have a positive impact on the cognitive and language development of the children.

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  • 22. 

    Women age 50 to 55 experience high rates of pregnancy complications because

    • They and the fetus tend to develop Rh factor incompatibility.

    • Their systems often produce high levels of cortisol.

    • Their bodies have had more time to absorb environmental teratogens.

    • Menopause and aging reproductive organs often prevent them from conceiving naturally.

    Correct Answer
    A. Menopause and aging reproductive organs often prevent them from conceiving naturally.
    Explanation
    As women age, their reproductive organs undergo changes, including a decrease in the number and quality of eggs. This makes it more difficult for them to conceive naturally. Additionally, menopause, which typically occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, marks the end of a woman's reproductive years. During this time, hormonal changes can increase the risk of pregnancy complications if conception does occur. Therefore, the statement that menopause and aging reproductive organs often prevent women aged 50 to 55 from conceiving naturally is a plausible explanation for the high rates of pregnancy complications in this age group.

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  • 23. 

    Programs in which a trained intervener visits the home of high-risk parents have

    • Had greater success in Canada than in the United States.

    • Resulted in improved parent-infant interaction.

    • Been generally less effective than counselor-led parenting groups.

    • Done little to improve children’s cognitive and social development

    Correct Answer
    A. Resulted in improved parent-infant interaction.
  • 24. 

    The largest cell in the human body is the

    • Fallopian tube.

    • Ovum.

    • Zygote.

    • Sperm.

    Correct Answer
    A. Ovum.
    Explanation
    The ovum, also known as the egg cell, is the largest cell in the human body. It is produced by the female reproductive system and is necessary for reproduction. The fallopian tube is a part of the female reproductive system where fertilization occurs, but it is not a cell. The zygote is the result of fertilization between the ovum and sperm, but it is smaller than the ovum. Sperm is the male reproductive cell and is much smaller than the ovum. Therefore, the correct answer is ovum.

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  • 25. 

    The overall success rate of in vitro fertilization is 30 percent, but

    • It often requires more ova than most women produce.

    • Success declines steadily with age.

    • That rate is far lower when the man has fertility problems.

    • It can increase the risk of X-linked disease.

    Correct Answer
    A. Success declines steadily with age.
    Explanation
    As a woman ages, her fertility naturally declines. This is because the quality and quantity of her eggs decrease over time. Therefore, the success rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF) also declines steadily with age. This is because older women have a lower chance of producing healthy embryos that can result in a successful pregnancy. Younger women, on the other hand, have a higher chance of success with IVF as they have healthier eggs.

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  • 26. 

    Research suggests that oxygen deprivation just before, during, or just after birth can result in

    • Poor cognitive and language skills in early and middle childhood.

    • Respiratory distress syndrome.

    • Placenta previa.

    • Apgar scores low in heart rate but high in color.

    Correct Answer
    A. Poor cognitive and language skills in early and middle childhood.
    Explanation
    Oxygen deprivation before, during, or after birth can have negative effects on a child's cognitive and language skills in early and middle childhood. This suggests that a lack of oxygen during this critical period can impair brain development, leading to difficulties in learning and communication. This is supported by research findings, which highlight the importance of oxygen supply for optimal brain functioning and development.

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  • 27. 

    Candidates for genetic counseling typically are

    • Women who have had three or more pregnancies.

    • Men with XYY syndrome.

    • Women of advanced maternal age.

    • Individuals with Down syndrome.

    Correct Answer
    A. Women of advanced maternal age.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is women of advanced maternal age. Genetic counseling is recommended for women who are over the age of 35 when they become pregnant, as they have a higher risk of having a child with chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome. This is because as women age, the quality of their eggs decreases, increasing the likelihood of genetic abnormalities in their offspring. Therefore, women of advanced maternal age are more likely to benefit from genetic counseling to assess their risk and make informed decisions about their pregnancies.

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  • 28. 

    The sickle cell carrier rate is believed to be higher in Canada than in the United States because

    • The risk of malaria is slightly higher in Canada.

    • More African Canadians are recent immigrants than African Americans.

    • Incomplete dominance patterns are more common throughout the entire Canadian population

    • More African Canadians live at higher altitudes than African Americans.

    Correct Answer
    A. More African Canadians are recent immigrants than African Americans.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "more African Canadians are recent immigrants than African Americans." This explanation suggests that the higher sickle cell carrier rate in Canada compared to the United States is due to the fact that there are more recent immigrants from Africa in Canada, who are more likely to carry the sickle cell trait.

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  • 29. 

    Lack of patient-sensitive prenatal care is particularly disturbing to women from cultures that

    • Value large families

    • Emphasize warm, personalized styles of interaction and a relaxed sense of time.

    • Encourage them to begin bearing children early.

    • Stress indirect discussion of intimate matters like pregnancy.

    Correct Answer
    A. Emphasize warm, personalized styles of interaction and a relaxed sense of time.
    Explanation
    Women from cultures that value large families, encourage them to begin bearing children early, and stress indirect discussion of intimate matters like pregnancy may still be able to adapt to a lack of patient-sensitive prenatal care. However, the lack of warm, personalized styles of interaction and a relaxed sense of time in prenatal care can be particularly disturbing to these women as it goes against their cultural norms and expectations.

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  • 30. 

    Fetal monitoring is controversial because it

    • Can cause the baby to produce too many stress hormones.

    • Is extremely painful for the mother.

    • May identify babies as being in danger, when, in fact, they are not.

    • Disrupts the home birth experience.

    Correct Answer
    A. May identify babies as being in danger, when, in fact, they are not.
    Explanation
    Fetal monitoring is controversial because it may identify babies as being in danger, when, in fact, they are not. This means that the monitoring can sometimes give false positive results, leading to unnecessary interventions such as cesarean sections or other medical interventions. This can potentially harm both the mother and the baby, as these interventions come with their own risks and complications. Therefore, the controversy arises from the concern that fetal monitoring may lead to unnecessary medical interventions and potentially harm healthy babies.

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  • 31. 

    The essential function of meiosis is to

    • Ensure that each generation receives a constant quantity of genetic material.

    • Stimulate the production of zygotes.

    • Prevent damaged genes from crossing over to the next generation.

    • Regulate the process of mitosis.

    Correct Answer
    A. Ensure that each generation receives a constant quantity of genetic material.
    Explanation
    Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms. Its essential function is to ensure that each generation receives a constant quantity of genetic material. This is achieved through the process of homologous chromosome pairing, crossing over, and separation of homologous chromosomes during the two rounds of cell division in meiosis. By reducing the chromosome number in half, meiosis helps to maintain genetic diversity while ensuring that each offspring receives a complete set of chromosomes from both parents. This process is crucial for the proper development and functioning of organisms.

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  • 32. 

    The combination of small body and large head means that the infant

    • Received too little oxygen during the birthing process.

    • Has a well-developed brain that enables quick learning in the first few months.

    • Bruised the mother’s cervix.

    • Produced the proper amount of cortisol.

    Correct Answer
    A. Has a well-developed brain that enables quick learning in the first few months.
    Explanation
    The combination of a small body and a large head in an infant suggests that the brain is well-developed, which enables quick learning in the first few months. This is because the brain plays a crucial role in cognitive development and learning abilities. A well-developed brain in the early stages of life allows infants to acquire new skills and knowledge rapidly.

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  • 33. 

    Research indicates that six weeks or less of childbirth leave

    • Is linked to maternal depression, anxiety, and sense of role overload.

    • Can help new parents establish essential bonds with their child.

    • Is the norm in the United States and Canada.

    • Is especially detrimental to middle-SES parents.

    Correct Answer
    A. Is linked to maternal depression, anxiety, and sense of role overload.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "is linked to maternal depression, anxiety, and sense of role overload." This is supported by research, indicating that a childbirth leave of six weeks or less can have negative effects on the mental health of mothers, leading to increased levels of depression and anxiety. It can also contribute to a sense of role overload, as new mothers may struggle to balance their responsibilities at home and work. This suggests that longer maternity leave periods may be beneficial for the well-being of mothers.

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  • 34. 

    The rise in cesarean births in Western industrialized nations is largely due to

    • An increase in Rh incompatibility between mothers and their babies.

    • Medical control over childbirth.

    • Complications during natural childbirth.

    • An increase in the number of babies in breech position.

    Correct Answer
    A. Medical control over childbirth.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is medical control over childbirth. This is because the rise in cesarean births in Western industrialized nations can be attributed to the increased intervention and medicalization of childbirth. Medical professionals have become more involved in the birthing process, leading to a higher rate of cesarean sections. This can be due to various factors such as the desire for a controlled and predictable birth, fear of complications during natural childbirth, or the convenience of scheduling a cesarean.

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  • 35. 

    During Stage 2 of childbirth, the mother

    • Feels a natural urge to squeeze and push with her abdominal muscles.

    • Pushes out the placenta.

    • Has contractions 8 to 10 minutes apart.

    • Transitions as her cervix opens completely.

    Correct Answer
    A. Feels a natural urge to squeeze and push with her abdominal muscles.
    Explanation
    During Stage 2 of childbirth, the mother feels a natural urge to squeeze and push with her abdominal muscles. This is because the baby's head has descended into the birth canal and is putting pressure on the mother's pelvic floor. The urge to push helps to facilitate the baby's passage through the birth canal and out of the mother's body. This stage is often referred to as the "pushing stage" and can last anywhere from a few minutes to a few hours.

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  • 36. 

    The results of welfare reform in Canada and the United States suggest that

    • The faster parents leave welfare for work, the faster their children’s lives will improve.

    • Work requirements should be more stringent.

    • Welfare reform promotes children’s development only when it results in a more adequate standard of living.

    • Both countries’ commitment to providing affordable child care helped to decrease their welfare roles.

    Correct Answer
    A. Welfare reform promotes children’s development only when it results in a more adequate standard of living.
    Explanation
    The correct answer suggests that welfare reform will only benefit children's development if it leads to a higher standard of living. This implies that simply requiring parents to work may not be enough to improve the lives of their children. Instead, it is necessary to ensure that the welfare reform measures result in an improved standard of living for families.

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  • 37. 

    Low-forceps delivery is associated with risk of

    • Bleeding beneath the baby’s skin and external to the skull.

    • Low Apgar scores in infants.

    • Neck and torso deformities

    • Injury to the baby’s head and the mother’s tissues

    Correct Answer
    A. Injury to the baby’s head and the mother’s tissues
    Explanation
    Low-forceps delivery is associated with injury to the baby's head and the mother's tissues because the use of forceps during delivery can put pressure on the baby's head and cause trauma. This can result in bruising, swelling, or even lacerations on the baby's head. Additionally, the forceps can also cause tears or lacerations in the mother's tissues, leading to potential complications and increased risk of infection.

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  • 38. 

    U.S. opponents of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child maintain that it

    • Would shift the burden of child rearing from the family to the state.

    • Is insufficiently collectivist.

    • Does not go as far toward protecting children as U.S. policies already in place.

    • Forces the United States to adopt principles that few other nations observe.

    Correct Answer
    A. Would shift the burden of child rearing from the family to the state.
    Explanation
    The opponents of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child argue that it would shift the responsibility of raising children from families to the state. They believe that the convention would give the government more control over parenting decisions and undermine the authority and autonomy of families. This perspective suggests that the convention would lead to a greater reliance on state intervention in child-rearing, potentially diminishing the role of parents in making decisions about their children's upbringing.

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  • 39. 

    Research indicates that preterm babies stimulated with attractive mobiles, special waterbeds, and other means achieved

    • Few significant developmental gains.

    • Greater mental advancement by the end of their first year.

    • Faster weight gain, more predictable sleep patterns, and greater alertness.

    • Slower weight gain than preterm babies cared for in an isolette.

    Correct Answer
    A. Faster weight gain, more predictable sleep patterns, and greater alertness.
    Explanation
    The research suggests that preterm babies who were stimulated with attractive mobiles, special waterbeds, and other means experienced faster weight gain, more predictable sleep patterns, and greater alertness. This means that these interventions had a positive impact on the babies' physical and cognitive development, as they were able to gain weight at a faster rate, sleep more regularly, and be more alert.

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  • 40. 

    Reflexes can help parents comfort their baby because they

    • Put infants to sleep.

    • Function as a shared language between parent and child.

    • Help infants control distress and amount of stimulation.

    • Enable parents to manage their own anxieties.

    Correct Answer
    A. Help infants control distress and amount of stimulation.
    Explanation
    Reflexes can help parents comfort their baby because they help infants control distress and amount of stimulation. Reflexes are involuntary responses that infants have to certain stimuli, such as the rooting reflex when they turn their head towards something that touches their cheek. These reflexes can help infants regulate their emotions and level of arousal, allowing parents to provide the appropriate amount of comfort and stimulation. By understanding and responding to their baby's reflexes, parents can help create a soothing and comforting environment for their child.

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  • 41. 

    Heritability estimates are controversial because they

    • Are too dependent on the extent to which twin pairs reflect genetic and environmental variation.

    • Can easily be misapplied to suggest dubious genetic bases for certain traits.

    • Employ simplistic statistical procedures.

    • Tell us nothing about personality traits.

    Correct Answer
    A. Can easily be misapplied to suggest dubious genetic bases for certain traits.
    Explanation
    Heritability estimates are controversial because they can easily be misapplied to suggest dubious genetic bases for certain traits. This means that people may incorrectly attribute certain traits solely to genetics without considering the influence of environmental factors. It highlights the potential for misinterpretation and oversimplification of the complex interactions between genes and the environment in determining traits.

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  • 42. 

    The purpose of the natural childbirth movement that arose during the 1950s and 1960s was to

    • Make hospital birth as comfortable and rewarding as possible.

    • Introduce European-style freestanding birth centers to North America.

    • Remove doctors entirely from the birthing experience.

    • Persuade women to have their babies at home.

    Correct Answer
    A. Make hospital birth as comfortable and rewarding as possible.
    Explanation
    The purpose of the natural childbirth movement during the 1950s and 1960s was to make hospital birth as comfortable and rewarding as possible. This suggests that the movement aimed to improve the experience of giving birth in a hospital setting, potentially by advocating for pain management techniques, supportive environments, and empowering women in their birthing choices. The movement did not seek to introduce European-style freestanding birth centers, remove doctors from the birthing experience, or persuade women to have their babies at home.

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  • 43. 

    Most homeless families consist of

    • Women with children under age 5.

    • Ethnic minorities.

    • One or more members with mental illness.

    • People turned away from government-supported housing.

    Correct Answer
    A. Women with children under age 5.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is women with children under age 5. This is because homeless families often consist of single mothers with young children who are more vulnerable and have limited resources to secure stable housing. The presence of young children adds to the urgency and complexity of their situation, making them more likely to experience homelessness.

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  • 44. 

    If untreated, toxemia in pregnant women can cause

    • Extreme facial malformations in babies.

    • High birth weight.

    • Convulsions in the mother and fetal death.

    • Higher levels of stress hormones crossing the placenta.

    Correct Answer
    A. Convulsions in the mother and fetal death.
    Explanation
    Untreated toxemia in pregnant women can lead to convulsions in the mother and fetal death. Toxemia, also known as preeclampsia, is a serious condition characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys. If left untreated, it can progress to eclampsia, which is marked by seizures or convulsions. These convulsions can be life-threatening for both the mother and the fetus, potentially leading to fetal death. Therefore, it is crucial to diagnose and manage toxemia during pregnancy to prevent such complications.

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  • 45. 

    Of the following, which factor accounts for continued prenatal exposure to the teratogenic drug Accutane?

    • Manufacturers have failed to provide adequate warnings.

    • The drug’s teratogenic effects have only recently been established.

    • The pregnancies were unplanned, and women who become pregnant without planning are often less responsive to teratogen counseling.

    • The pregnant women smoked while taking the drug.

    Correct Answer
    A. The pregnancies were unplanned, and women who become pregnant without planning are often less responsive to teratogen counseling.
  • 46. 

    In industrialized nations, how many commonly used chemicals are potentially dangerous to the developing organism?

    • Less than 20,000

    • About 50,000

    • More than 75,000

    • Nearly 1,000,000

    Correct Answer
    A. More than 75,000
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "more than 75,000." This suggests that in industrialized nations, there are over 75,000 commonly used chemicals that have the potential to be dangerous to the developing organism.

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  • 47. 

    According to many researchers, crying peaks around 6 weeks, and then declines because

    • Normal readjustments of the central nervous system occur during that period.

    • Babies begin to learn more mature ways of expressing their desires.

    • After 6 weeks, babies sleep more

    • Around that time, parents generally feel more confident in their soothing techniques.

    Correct Answer
    A. Normal readjustments of the central nervous system occur during that period.
    Explanation
    During the first 6 weeks of life, the central nervous system of babies undergoes normal readjustments. This means that their neurological development is progressing, and as a result, crying peaks around this time. As the central nervous system continues to develop, babies learn more mature ways of expressing their desires, which leads to a decline in crying. Therefore, the correct answer is that crying peaks around 6 weeks because normal readjustments of the central nervous system occur during that period.

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  • 48. 

    The frequency of identical twins is

    • Much higher in industrialized nations.

    • Slightly lower in Asia than elsewhere.

    • The same around the world.

    • Steadily rising in North America.

    Correct Answer
    A. The same around the world.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "the same around the world." This suggests that the frequency of identical twins does not vary significantly across different regions or countries. This implies that factors such as genetics or environmental conditions do not have a significant impact on the occurrence of identical twins.

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  • 49. 

    Most conceptions result from intercourse

    • Within 6 hours before or after ovulation.

    • During the week of ovulation.

    • On the day of or during the 2 days preceding ovulation.

    • During the 2 hours before or after ovulation.

    Correct Answer
    A. On the day of or during the 2 days preceding ovulation.
    Explanation
    Conception occurs when a sperm fertilizes an egg. Ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary, and it typically occurs around the middle of a woman's menstrual cycle. Sperm can survive in the female reproductive system for up to 5 days, while the egg is viable for about 24 hours after ovulation. Therefore, the most likely time for conception to occur is on the day of ovulation or during the two days preceding it, when both sperm and egg are present in the reproductive system.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 22, 2023 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

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  • Mar 22, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Oct 24, 2011
    Quiz Created by
    Aeria_j
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