The solubility product expression describes the equilibrium between a sparingly soluble ionic compound

the amount of substance added to solution.

the number of moles in the reaction.

What is indicated by a large value for Keq?

Products are favored in the reaction.

Reactants are favored in the reaction.

What can be determined if the ion product is compared to the solubility product constant?

whether a substance will precipitate

Chemistry Ch18&19 Exam

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1/79 Questions

The law of chemical equilibrium states that at a given pressure, a chemical system may reach a state in which a particular ratio of reactant to product concentrations has a constant value.
- True
- False

About This Quiz

This Chemistry Ch18&19 Exam assesses understanding of chemical equilibrium concepts, including the law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants, and reaction favorability. It tests critical thinking and application of theoretical knowledge in practical scenarios.

Quiz Preview

2.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True
3.

If an equilibrium constant has a value less than one, the reactants are favored at equilibrium.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

If an equilibrium constant has a value less than one, it indicates that the concentration of products at equilibrium is lower than the concentration of reactants. This means that the reaction is more likely to favor the reactants and proceed in the reverse direction. Therefore, the statement "the reactants are favored at equilibrium" is true in this case.

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4.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True
5.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True
6.

A heterogeneous equilibrium means that reactants and products are present in more than one state.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

A heterogeneous equilibrium refers to a chemical reaction where the reactants and products are present in different states. This means that they can exist in different phases, such as solid, liquid, or gas. In contrast, a homogeneous equilibrium occurs when all the reactants and products are in the same state. Therefore, the statement that a heterogeneous equilibrium means that reactants and products are present in more than one state is true.

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7.

If the equilibrium constant for a reaction at 300 K is 49.7, the concentration of the reactants will be greater than the concentration of the products.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

Based on the given information, the equilibrium constant for the reaction is 49.7. The equilibrium constant is defined as the ratio of the concentrations of products to the concentrations of reactants at equilibrium. Therefore, if the equilibrium constant is greater than 1, it indicates that the concentration of products is greater than the concentration of reactants at equilibrium. Since the given equilibrium constant is 49.7, it suggests that the concentration of products will be greater than the concentration of reactants at equilibrium. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

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8.
- 0.16 mol/L
- 0.0014 mol/L
- 0.075 mol/L
- 0.75 mol/L
Correct Answer

A. 0.075 mol/L
9.

The solubility product expression describes the equilibrium between a sparingly soluble ionic compound
- The amount of substance added to solution.
- The number of moles in the reaction.
- Its ions in solution.
- The equilibrium constant.
Correct Answer

A. Its ions in solution.

Explanation

The solubility product expression describes the equilibrium between a sparingly soluble ionic compound and its ions in solution. This expression is used to calculate the solubility of the compound and determine the concentration of its ions in the solution at equilibrium. It is based on the principle that the product of the ion concentrations raised to their respective stoichiometric coefficients is equal to a constant value at equilibrium. Therefore, the correct answer is "its ions in solution."

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10.
- Le Châtelier’s principle
- Common ion effect
- Solubility product constant
- Law of chemical equilibrium
Correct Answer

A. Le Châtelier’s principle
11.

What is indicated by a large value for K_eq?
- A solution is saturated.
- Products are favored in the reaction.
- Reactants are favored in the reaction.
- The reaction is endothermic.
Correct Answer

A. Products are favored in the reaction.

Explanation

A large value for Keq indicates that the products are favored in the reaction. Keq, or the equilibrium constant, is a measure of the ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations at equilibrium. A large value of Keq means that the equilibrium position is shifted towards the products, indicating that the products are favored over the reactants in the reaction.

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12.

The value of any equilibrium constant is correct only at
- A specific volume.
- A specific pressure.
- A specific concentration.
- A specific temperature.
Correct Answer

A. A specific temperature.

Explanation

The value of any equilibrium constant is correct only at a specific temperature because temperature affects the rate at which reactions occur and the balance between reactants and products. Changing the temperature alters the energy of the particles, which can either speed up or slow down the reaction. Therefore, the equilibrium constant, which represents the ratio of the concentrations of products and reactants at equilibrium, is only valid at a specific temperature.

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13.
Correct Answer

A.
14.

What might cause the solubility of a substance to decrease?
- A decrease in temperature
- A decrease in pressure
- The presence of a common ion
- All of the choices
Correct Answer

A. All of the choices

Explanation

All of the choices can cause the solubility of a substance to decrease. A decrease in temperature generally reduces the kinetic energy of the particles, making them less likely to overcome the attractive forces and dissolve. A decrease in pressure can also decrease solubility by reducing the number of gas molecules available to dissolve in a liquid. The presence of a common ion can cause a decrease in solubility through the common ion effect, where the presence of an ion already in solution reduces the solubility of a compound containing the same ion. Therefore, all of these factors can contribute to a decrease in solubility.

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15.

What can be determined if the ion product is compared to the solubility product constant?
- Equilibrium
- whether a substance will precipitate
- The law of mass action
- The volume of the solution
Correct Answer

A. whether a substance will precipitate

Explanation

The solubility product constant is a value that represents the equilibrium between a solute and its ions in a saturated solution. It is determined by multiplying the concentrations of the ions raised to their respective stoichiometric coefficients. The ion product, on the other hand, is calculated by multiplying the concentrations of the ions in any given solution. By comparing the ion product to the solubility product constant, it can be determined whether a substance will precipitate. If the ion product is greater than the solubility product constant, the solution is supersaturated and precipitation will occur. If the ion product is less than the solubility product constant, the solution is unsaturated and no precipitation will occur.

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16.

The solubility product of aluminum sulfate Al₂(SO₄)₃ is given by the expression ____________________.
- Completion
- Reversible reaction
- Chemical equilibrium
- Constant, equal
Correct Answer

A.

Explanation

The solubility product of aluminum sulfate Al2(SO4)3 is given by the expression "chemical equilibrium constant, equal". This means that the solubility product is equal to the product of the concentrations of the ions raised to their stoichiometric coefficients in the balanced chemical equation. This expression represents the state of equilibrium between the dissolved ions and the solid compound, indicating that the compound is in a saturated solution and no further dissolution or precipitation will occur.

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17.

At equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products are ____________________, but that does not mean that the amounts or concentrations are ____________________.
- Completion
- Reversible reaction
- Chemical equilibrium
- Constant, equal
Correct Answer

A. Constant, equal

Explanation

At equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products are constant, meaning they do not change over time. However, this does not imply that the amounts or concentrations of reactants and products are equal. The equilibrium constant, which is a ratio of the concentrations of products and reactants at equilibrium, determines the extent of the reaction and whether the reactants or products are present in higher concentrations. Therefore, the concentrations can be unequal at equilibrium depending on the specific reaction and its equilibrium constant.

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18.

____________________ is a state in which the forward and reverse reactions balance each other because they take place at equal rates.
- Completion
- Reversible reaction
- Chemical equilibrium
- Constant, equal
Correct Answer

A. Chemical equilibrium

Explanation

Chemical equilibrium is a state in which the forward and reverse reactions of a chemical reaction occur at equal rates, resulting in a balance between the reactants and products. This means that the concentration of the reactants and products remains constant over time. In other words, the reaction is in a state of dynamic balance, where the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction. This state is often represented by the double arrow symbol (⇌) in chemical equations.

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19.

A reaction that can occur in both the forward and the reverse directions is called a(n) ____________________.
- Completion
- Reversible reaction
- Chemical equilibrium
- Constant, equal
Correct Answer

A. Reversible reaction

Explanation

A reversible reaction is a reaction that can occur in both the forward and the reverse directions. In other words, the products of the reaction can react with each other to form the original reactants. This type of reaction reaches a state of chemical equilibrium, where the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at the same rate. The reaction can be reversed by changing the conditions, such as temperature or pressure. Therefore, "reversible reaction" is the correct answer for this question.

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20.

Equilibrium reaction in which the reactants and products are present in more than one physical state
- Heterogeneous equilibrium
- Chemical equilibrium
- Solubility product constant
- Common ion
- Le Châtelier’s principle
Correct Answer

A. Heterogeneous equilibrium

Explanation

A heterogeneous equilibrium refers to an equilibrium reaction where the reactants and products are present in more than one physical state. This means that the substances involved in the reaction exist as a mixture of solids, liquids, and/or gases. In a heterogeneous equilibrium, the concentrations of the reactants and products may vary depending on the phase they are in. This is in contrast to a homogeneous equilibrium where all the reactants and products are in the same phase.

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21.

Barium sulfate is used when X rays are taken of the digestive system, based on the ____________________ effect.
- Reversible
- Forward
- Chemical equilibrium
- Common ion
Correct Answer

A. Common ion

Explanation

Barium sulfate is used when X rays are taken of the digestive system, based on the common ion effect. This effect occurs when the addition of a common ion, in this case, the sulfate ion, reduces the solubility of a slightly soluble compound, such as barium sulfate. By adding barium sulfate, which is not very soluble in water, to the digestive system, it helps to enhance the contrast in the X-ray images, allowing for better visualization of the digestive system.

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22.
- Reversible
- Forward
- Chemical equilibrium
- Common ion
Correct Answer

A. Forward
23.

If a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system shifts in the direction that relieves the stress.
- Heterogeneous equilibrium
- Chemical equilibrium
- Solubility product constant
- Common ion
- Le Châtelier’s principle
Correct Answer

A. Le Châtelier’s principle

Explanation

Le Châtelier's principle states that if a stress, such as a change in temperature, pressure, or concentration, is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will shift in a way that counteracts the stress and restores equilibrium. In other words, if a stress is applied to a system, the system will adjust itself to relieve the stress and maintain equilibrium. This principle is widely used to predict and explain the behavior of chemical reactions and equilibria.

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24.

An equilibrium constant for the dissolving of a sparingly soluble ionic compound in water
- Heterogeneous equilibrium
- Chemical equilibrium
- Solubility product constant
- Common ion
- Le Châtelier’s principle
Correct Answer

A. Solubility product constant

Explanation

The solubility product constant is the correct answer because it specifically refers to the equilibrium constant for the dissolving of a sparingly soluble ionic compound in water. This constant represents the equilibrium between the dissolved ions and the undissolved solid, and is used to calculate the solubility of the compound. The solubility product constant is a characteristic property of the compound and is independent of the amount of solid present.

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25.

The solubility of a substance is lowered because of this.
- Equilibrium constant
- Reversible reaction
- Homogeneous equilibrium
- Law of chemical equilibrium
- Common ion effect
Correct Answer

A. Common ion effect

Explanation

The common ion effect is the phenomenon where the solubility of a substance is decreased when a common ion is added to the solution. This occurs because the presence of the common ion reduces the concentration of the dissolved substance, shifting the equilibrium towards the solid form. As a result, the solubility of the substance is lowered.

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26.

At a given temperature, a chemical system may reach a state in which a particular ratio of reactant and product concentrations has a constant value.
- Equilibrium constant
- Reversible reaction
- Homogeneous equilibrium
- Law of chemical equilibrium
- Common ion effect
Correct Answer

A. Law of chemical equilibrium

Explanation

The law of chemical equilibrium states that at a given temperature, a chemical system may reach a state in which a particular ratio of reactant and product concentrations has a constant value. This means that the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at equal rates, resulting in a dynamic equilibrium where the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time. The equilibrium constant is a numerical value that represents the ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations at equilibrium, and it is determined by the stoichiometry of the balanced equation for the reaction.

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27.

A reaction that can occur in both the forward and the reverse directions
- Equilibrium constant
- Reversible reaction
- Homogeneous equilibrium
- Law of chemical equilibrium
- Common ion effect
Correct Answer

A. Reversible reaction

Explanation

A reversible reaction is a reaction that can occur in both the forward and the reverse directions. This means that the reactants can form products, but the products can also react to form the original reactants. The equilibrium constant is a measure of the extent to which a reversible reaction proceeds in the forward or reverse direction. Therefore, the answer "reversible reaction" is the correct choice as it best describes a reaction that can occur in both directions.

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28.

Buffers resist change in pH.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Buffers are solutions that are able to resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added to them. They contain a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid. When an acid is added to a buffer solution, the weak base in the buffer reacts with the acid to form its conjugate acid, preventing a significant change in pH. Similarly, when a base is added, the weak acid in the buffer reacts with the base to form its conjugate base, again preventing a significant change in pH. Therefore, buffers do indeed resist changes in pH, making the statement true.

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29.

A neutral solution contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

A neutral solution contains an equal number of hydroxide ions and hydrogen ions, resulting in a balanced pH level of 7. Therefore, the statement that a neutral solution contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions is false.

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30.

A buffer system should contain considerably more acid than base.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

A buffer system should contain equal amounts of acid and base, or slightly more base than acid, in order to effectively resist changes in pH. Having considerably more acid than base would result in an unbalanced buffer system, making it less effective in maintaining a stable pH. Therefore, the given statement is false.

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31.

Specific buffer systems should be chosen based on the pH that must be maintained.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The statement is true because different buffer systems are effective at different pH levels. Buffer systems are solutions that resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. Each buffer system has a specific range of pH where it is most effective. Therefore, it is important to choose a buffer system that can maintain the desired pH level.

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32.

A buffer solution changes pH only a small amount even if large amounts of acid or base are added.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

A buffer solution is designed to resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. However, if large amounts of acid or base are added to a buffer solution, it will not be able to effectively resist the change in pH and the pH of the solution will be significantly altered. Therefore, the statement that a buffer solution changes pH only a small amount even if large amounts of acid or base are added is incorrect.

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33.

An example of a buffer solution is a mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

A buffer solution is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added to it. It consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid. In the given example, acetic acid is a weak acid and sodium acetate is its conjugate base. When combined, they create a buffer solution that can maintain a relatively constant pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. Therefore, the statement is true.

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34.

A buffer can be a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added to it. It consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base. The weak acid can donate hydrogen ions to neutralize any added base, while the conjugate base can accept hydrogen ions to neutralize any added acid. This allows the buffer to maintain a relatively constant pH. Therefore, the statement that a buffer can be a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base is true.

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35.

Acid A and acid B are of equal concentration and are tested with a conductivity apparatus. When the electrodes are placed in acid A, the bulb glows dimly. When they are placed in acid B, the bulb glows more brightly. Which of the following is true?
- Acid A is stronger than acid B.
- Acid B is stronger than acid A.
- Acid A and acid B are of equal strength.
- No comparison of strength can be made from the results.
Correct Answer

A. Acid B is stronger than acid A.

Explanation

The conductivity of a solution is directly related to the concentration of ions present in the solution. In this case, when the electrodes are placed in acid A and the bulb glows dimly, it indicates that acid A has a lower concentration of ions and therefore lower conductivity. On the other hand, when the electrodes are placed in acid B and the bulb glows more brightly, it suggests that acid B has a higher concentration of ions and therefore higher conductivity. This implies that acid B is stronger than acid A in terms of ion concentration and conductivity.

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36.

At 298 K, the H⁺ ion concentration of an aqueous solution is 1.00 x 10^–5 M. What is the pH of the solution?
- –4.04
- 5.00
- 3.99
- 3.82
Correct Answer

A. 5.00

Explanation

The pH of a solution is a measure of its acidity or alkalinity. It is determined by the concentration of H+ ions in the solution. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with values below 7 indicating acidity, values above 7 indicating alkalinity, and a pH of 7 indicating neutrality. In this case, the H+ ion concentration is given as 1.00 x 10^-5 M. To find the pH, we take the negative logarithm (base 10) of the H+ ion concentration. In this case, the pH is equal to -log(1.00 x 10^-5) = 5.00. Therefore, the correct answer is 5.00.

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37.

Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration of an aqueous solution, given the pOH of the solution is 4.50 and the ion product constant for water, K_W, is 1.00 x 10^–14.
- 3.16 x 10^–10 M
- 3.16 x 10^–9 M
- 3.16 x 10^–5 M
- 3.16 x 10^–7 M
Correct Answer

A. 3.16 x 10^–10 M

Explanation

The pOH of a solution is calculated by taking the negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration. In this case, the pOH is 4.50. To find the hydrogen ion concentration (H+), we can use the relationship between pOH and pH. pH + pOH = 14. Therefore, the pH of the solution is 9.50 (14 - 4.50). The hydrogen ion concentration can be calculated by taking the antilogarithm (inverse logarithm) of the pH. So, 10^-9.50 = 3.16 x 10^-10 M.

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38.

Calculate the H⁺ concentration of an aqueous solution, given the concentration of OH^– is 1 x 10^–5 M and the ion product constant for water, K_W is 1 x 10^–14.
- 1 x 10^-9 M
- 1 x 10⁹ M
- 1 x 10^-5 M
- 1 x 10⁵ M
Correct Answer

A. 1 x 10^-9 M

Explanation

The H+ concentration of an aqueous solution can be calculated using the ion product constant for water, KW. KW is equal to the concentration of H+ multiplied by the concentration of OH-. In this case, the concentration of OH- is given as 1 x 10-5 M. Since KW is known to be 1 x 10-14, we can rearrange the equation to solve for the concentration of H+. By dividing KW by the concentration of OH-, we find that the H+ concentration is 1 x 10-9 M.

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39.

In general, compounds formed from active metals, and hydroxide ions are
- Strong acids.
- Strong bases.
- Weak acids.
- Weak bases.
Correct Answer

A. Strong bases.

Explanation

Compounds formed from active metals and hydroxide ions are strong bases because active metals have a strong tendency to donate electrons and hydroxide ions (OH-) are strong bases themselves. When active metals react with water, they form metal hydroxides which dissociate completely in water, releasing hydroxide ions. These hydroxide ions then react with water molecules, increasing the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution. This high concentration of hydroxide ions makes the solution highly alkaline and therefore a strong base.

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40.

In solution, a weak acid produces
- A mixture of molecules and ions.
- All ions.
- All molecules.
- Anions, but no hydronium ions.
Correct Answer

A. A mixture of molecules and ions.

Explanation

A weak acid is a substance that only partially dissociates in water, meaning it forms a mixture of molecules and ions. This is in contrast to a strong acid, which completely dissociates into ions. Therefore, the correct answer is that a weak acid produces a mixture of molecules and ions.

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41.

Sulfuric acid is a strong acid. What is true about its conjugate base?
- Its conjugate base is amphoteric.
- Its conjugate base is strong.
- Its conjugate base is weak.
- No conclusion can be made regarding the strength of the conjugate base.
Correct Answer

A. Its conjugate base is weak.

Explanation

Sulfuric acid is a strong acid, which means it completely ionizes in water to produce a high concentration of hydrogen ions (H+). The conjugate base of sulfuric acid is the sulfate ion (SO4^2-). Since sulfuric acid is a strong acid, it donates its proton (H+) very easily, resulting in a weak conjugate base. Therefore, the correct answer is that the conjugate base of sulfuric acid is weak.

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42.

Contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
- Acid
- Base
- Neither
- Both
Correct Answer

A. Acid

Explanation

An acid is a substance that contains more hydrogen ions (H+) than hydroxide ions (OH-). This is because acids donate H+ ions when dissolved in water. Therefore, the given statement "Contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions" accurately describes an acid.

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43.

Reacts with certain metals
- Acid
- Base
- Neither
- Both
Correct Answer

A. Acid

Explanation

The given answer, "acid," is correct because acids react with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas. This reaction is known as metal-acid reaction. Acids have a pH less than 7 and can donate protons (H+) in a chemical reaction. When an acid reacts with a metal, it displaces hydrogen from the acid, leading to the formation of metal salts and hydrogen gas. Therefore, the statement "Reacts with certain metals" is characteristic of acids.

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44.

Tastes sour
- Acid
- Base
- Neither
- Both
Correct Answer

A. Acid

Explanation

The taste of sourness is commonly associated with acidic substances. Acids are known to have a sour taste, while bases usually have a bitter taste. Therefore, the correct answer is "acid" as it explains the sour taste mentioned in the question.

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45.

Tastes bitter
- Acid
- Base
- Neither
- Both
Correct Answer

A. Base

Explanation

A base is a substance that tastes bitter. Bitter taste is a characteristic property of bases. Acids, on the other hand, typically taste sour. Since the given substance tastes bitter, it can be concluded that it is a base.

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46.

The stoichiometric point of a titration
- Acid-base indicator
- End point
- Equivalence point
- Neutralization
- Salt
- Standard solution
- Titration
Correct Answer

A. Equivalence point

Explanation

The equivalence point of a titration refers to the point at which the stoichiometric quantities of the reactants have been completely reacted. At this point, the moles of the acid and base are in the exact ratio required by the balanced chemical equation. It is indicated by a sudden change in the pH of the solution being titrated. This is different from the end point, which is the point at which the indicator changes color, and the acid-base indicator, which is a substance that changes color depending on the pH of the solution.

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47.

The point in a titration in which an indicator changes color
- Acid-base indicator
- End point
- Equivalence point
- Neutralization
- Salt
- Standard solution
- Titration
Correct Answer

A. End point

Explanation

The end point in a titration is the point at which an indicator changes color. This indicates that the reaction between the acid and base is complete and that the solution has reached the desired pH. The end point is used to determine the equivalence point, which is the point at which the acid and base have reacted in stoichiometric proportions. The end point is an important indicator of when to stop the titration and calculate the concentration of the unknown solution.

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48.

A solution of known concentration
- Acid-base indicator
- End point
- Equivalence point
- Neutralization
- Salt
- Standard solution
- Titration
Correct Answer

A. Standard solution

Explanation

A standard solution is a solution of known concentration that is used to determine the concentration of another substance through a process called titration. In titration, the standard solution is slowly added to the solution of unknown concentration until a chemical reaction between the two is complete. The point at which the reaction is complete is called the equivalence point. The standard solution is used to determine the concentration of the unknown solution by measuring the volume of standard solution needed to reach the equivalence point.

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49.

A method for using a neutralization reaction to determine the concentration of a solution
- Acid-base indicator
- End point
- Equivalence point
- Neutralization
- Salt
- Standard solution
- Titration
Correct Answer

A. Titration

Explanation

Titration is a method used to determine the concentration of a solution by adding a standardized solution (known as the titrant) to the solution of unknown concentration until a reaction between the two is complete. In this case, the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base is used to determine the concentration of the solution. The point at which the reaction is complete is called the equivalence point, which is often detected using an acid-base indicator. Titration allows for accurate and precise determination of the concentration of a solution by comparing it to a known standard solution.

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Chemistry Ch18&19 Exam

The law of chemical equilibrium states that at a given pressure, a chemical system may reach a state in which a particular ratio of reactant to product concentrations has a constant value.

Quiz Preview

If an equilibrium constant has a value less than one, the reactants are favored at equilibrium.

A heterogeneous equilibrium means that reactants and products are present in more than one state.

If the equilibrium constant for a reaction at 300 K is 49.7, the concentration of the reactants will be greater than the concentration of the products.

The solubility product expression describes the equilibrium between a sparingly soluble ionic compound

What is indicated by a large value for Keq?

The value of any equilibrium constant is correct only at

What might cause the solubility of a substance to decrease?

What can be determined if the ion product is compared to the solubility product constant?

The solubility product of aluminum sulfate Al2(SO4)3 is given by the expression ____________________.

At equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products are ____________________, but that does not mean that the amounts or concentrations are ____________________.

____________________ is a state in which the forward and reverse reactions balance each other because they take place at equal rates.

A reaction that can occur in both the forward and the reverse directions is called a(n) ____________________.

Equilibrium reaction in which the reactants and products are present in more than one physical state

Barium sulfate is used when X rays are taken of the digestive system, based on the ____________________ effect.

If a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system shifts in the direction that relieves the stress.

An equilibrium constant for the dissolving of a sparingly soluble ionic compound in water

The solubility of a substance is lowered because of this.

At a given temperature, a chemical system may reach a state in which a particular ratio of reactant and product concentrations has a constant value.

A reaction that can occur in both the forward and the reverse directions

Buffers resist change in pH.

A neutral solution contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions.

A buffer system should contain considerably more acid than base.

Specific buffer systems should be chosen based on the pH that must be maintained.

A buffer solution changes pH only a small amount even if large amounts of acid or base are added.

An example of a buffer solution is a mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate.

A buffer can be a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base.

Acid A and acid B are of equal concentration and are tested with a conductivity apparatus. When the electrodes are placed in acid A, the bulb glows dimly. When they are placed in acid B, the bulb glows more brightly. Which of the following is true?

At 298 K, the H+ ion concentration of an aqueous solution is 1.00 x 10–5 M. What is the pH of the solution?

Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration of an aqueous solution, given the pOH of the solution is 4.50 and the ion product constant for water, KW, is 1.00 x 10–14.

Calculate the H+ concentration of an aqueous solution, given the concentration of OH– is 1 x 10–5 M and the ion product constant for water, KW is 1 x 10–14.

In general, compounds formed from active metals, and hydroxide ions are

In solution, a weak acid produces

Sulfuric acid is a strong acid. What is true about its conjugate base?

Contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions

Reacts with certain metals

Tastes sour

Tastes bitter

The stoichiometric point of a titration

The point in a titration in which an indicator changes color

A solution of known concentration

A method for using a neutralization reaction to determine the concentration of a solution

What is indicated by a large value for K_eq?

The solubility product of aluminum sulfate Al₂(SO₄)₃ is given by the expression ____________________.

At equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products are , but that does not mean that the amounts or concentrations are .

At 298 K, the H⁺ ion concentration of an aqueous solution is 1.00 x 10^–5 M. What is the pH of the solution?

Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration of an aqueous solution, given the pOH of the solution is 4.50 and the ion product constant for water, K_W, is 1.00 x 10^–14.

Calculate the H⁺ concentration of an aqueous solution, given the concentration of OH^– is 1 x 10^–5 M and the ion product constant for water, K_W is 1 x 10^–14.