Chemistry 121 Chapter 1 Part 1

Explanation
Chemistry is the correct answer because it is the scientific study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Chemistry involves the investigation of the properties, composition, structure, and behavior of substances, as well as the changes they undergo during chemical reactions. It explores the interactions between atoms and molecules and provides a fundamental understanding of the physical and chemical properties of matter. Alchemy, on the other hand, is an ancient philosophical and protoscientific tradition that aimed to transform base metals into noble metals and discover the elixir of life. The scientific method is a systematic approach used in various scientific disciplines, including chemistry, to acquire knowledge and understand natural phenomena.

Explanation
Alchemy is the correct answer because it refers to the belief in the conversion of one substance into another. Alchemy was a precursor to modern chemistry and was practiced in the Middle Ages and Renaissance periods. Alchemists sought to transform base metals into gold and to discover the elixir of life. While alchemy was not based on the scientific method, it played a significant role in the development of chemistry as a scientific discipline.

Explanation
Antoine Lavoisier is the correct answer because he is widely considered the "Father of Modern Chemistry" and is credited with formulating the first laws of chemistry. Lavoisier's experiments and observations led to the development of the law of conservation of mass and the identification of oxygen as a key element in chemical reactions. His work laid the foundation for the understanding of chemical reactions and the establishment of the field of chemistry as a distinct scientific discipline.

Explanation
Antoine Lavoisier is the correct answer because he was a French chemist who played a significant role in the development of the metric system. Lavoisier was part of a committee that worked on standardizing measurements in France during the French Revolution. He was instrumental in establishing the metric system, which is now used worldwide as a standard system of measurement. Queen Elizabeth and Thomas Edison, on the other hand, did not have any direct involvement in the development of the metric system.

Explanation
Antoine Lavoisier was beheaded in France. He was a prominent French chemist who is often referred to as the "Father of Modern Chemistry." Lavoisier made significant contributions to the understanding of chemical reactions and the concept of conservation of mass. However, during the French Revolution, he fell out of favor and was accused of being a traitor and a member of the aristocracy. As a result, he was sentenced to death by guillotine and beheaded in 1794.

Explanation
The first step in the Scientific Method is conducting an experiment. This is because the scientific method is a systematic approach to solving problems or answering questions through observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, and conclusion. Experimentation allows scientists to test their hypotheses and gather data that can be analyzed to draw conclusions. By conducting experiments, scientists can gather evidence and determine whether their hypothesis is supported or refuted, leading to further scientific inquiry and understanding.

Explanation
The second step in the Scientific Method is observation. This involves carefully observing and gathering information about the subject or phenomenon being studied. Through observation, scientists can gather data and identify patterns or trends that can help formulate hypotheses and guide further experimentation. By observing and collecting data, scientists can make objective and evidence-based conclusions about the natural world.

Explanation
The third step in the Scientific Method is to acquire information. This is an essential step as it involves gathering relevant data, facts, and evidence related to the problem or question being investigated. Acquiring information helps researchers to gain a better understanding of the topic, identify existing knowledge gaps, and determine the most appropriate methods and approaches for conducting further research. By acquiring information, scientists can build a strong foundation for their study and ensure that their hypotheses and experiments are based on reliable and accurate information.

Explanation
The fourth step in the Scientific Method is to form a hypothesis. This involves making an educated guess or prediction about the outcome of an experiment or study based on prior knowledge or observations. The hypothesis serves as a tentative explanation for the phenomenon being studied and provides a framework for further investigation and experimentation. It is an essential step in the scientific process as it helps guide the research and allows for the testing of the hypothesis through the collection and analysis of data.

Explanation
The fifth step in the Scientific Method is "Conclusion." After conducting an experiment and acquiring data, scientists analyze the results to draw a conclusion. This involves interpreting the data, identifying patterns or trends, and making inferences or generalizations based on the findings. The conclusion summarizes the outcomes of the experiment and determines whether the hypothesis was supported or rejected. It is an essential step in the scientific process as it allows scientists to communicate their findings and contribute to the existing body of knowledge in their field.

Explanation
Data is the factual information that is collected, observed, or measured and used as evidence or support for reasoning, analysis, or calculation. In this context, data is mentioned along with hypothesis and theory, suggesting that data is one of the known facts that are used as the basis for the reckoning of information. Data provides the empirical evidence on which hypotheses are tested and theories are developed, making it a crucial component in the scientific process.

Explanation
The given set of observations suggests that the answer is "Hypothesis" because in the scientific method, observations are made first, then a hypothesis is formulated to explain those observations, and finally, experiments are conducted to test the hypothesis. Therefore, "Hypothesis" is the most logical and appropriate term to complete the given set.

Explanation
A theory is a well-substantiated explanation that is able to explain and predict a wide range of phenomena. It is based on extensive evidence and has been tested and confirmed through repeated experiments and observations. In contrast, a hypothesis is a tentative explanation that is proposed before any evidence is gathered, and an observation is simply the act of noticing or perceiving something. Therefore, a theory is the most appropriate choice as it provides a comprehensive explanation for the facts observed in the experiment.

Explanation
A law is a concise mathematical or verbal description of a relationship between phenomena that remains constant under the same conditions. Unlike a hypothesis, which is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon that requires further testing, a law has been repeatedly tested and confirmed, providing a reliable and predictable explanation for the observed phenomena. A theory, on the other hand, is a well-substantiated explanation that incorporates multiple laws and hypotheses and can be used to make predictions about a wide range of related phenomena.

Explanation
The correct answer is qualitative because it refers to the general observations about the experiment, such as the change in color of the green spheres. This suggests that the observations are based on qualities or characteristics rather than numerical measurements or quantities, which would be more indicative of a quantitative approach.

Explanation
The given statement indicates a specific change in the system, where 12 green spheres are converted to 12 yellow spheres after 100 seconds. This information provides a numerical value (12) and a unit (spheres) to describe the change, making it a quantitative measurement.

Explanation
Matter refers to anything that occupies space and has mass. It includes both atoms and molecules, as they are the building blocks of matter. Therefore, matter is the correct answer in this context.

Explanation
The term "substance" refers to anything that has a definite composition and distinct properties. This means that a substance is made up of specific elements or compounds and can be identified by its unique characteristics. In the context of the given options, both atom and matter can be considered as substances because they have definite composition and distinct properties. However, the term "substance" is a more general and inclusive term that encompasses both atoms and matter.