Chapters 1 And 2 Practice Quiz

Metalloids are elements that have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals. They are located along the staircase line on the periodic table, separating the metals from the nonmetals. Metalloids have properties of both metals, such as being good conductors of electricity and having metallic luster, and nonmetals, such as being brittle and poor conductors of heat. Some examples of metalloids include silicon, germanium, and arsenic.

Columns in the periodic table are called groups. Groups are vertical columns that contain elements with similar chemical properties. The elements within a group have the same number of valence electrons, which determines their reactivity and the type of compounds they can form. The periodic table is organized into 18 groups, each numbered from 1 to 18. The groups are further divided into subgroups, such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, and noble gases. Each group has a unique set of properties and characteristics, making it easier to classify and study the elements.

A proton is a subatomic particle that carries a positive charge. It is one of the fundamental particles that make up an atom's nucleus, along with neutrons. Protons have a charge of +1 and are attracted to particles with a negative charge, such as electrons. This charge difference between protons and electrons is what creates the electrical forces that hold atoms together and allow for chemical reactions to occur.

Nonmetals are dull, poor conductors, and mostly exist as gases at room temperature. Unlike metals, which are shiny and good conductors of heat and electricity, nonmetals have properties that are opposite to those of metals. They have high ionization energies and electronegativities, making them less likely to lose electrons and more likely to gain or share electrons. This results in their poor conductivity. Additionally, nonmetals tend to be brittle and have lower melting and boiling points compared to metals. Examples of nonmetals include elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon.

The "17" in this context refers to the atomic number. The atomic number represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, and it determines the element's identity. In this case, the atomic number 17 corresponds to chlorine.

The number "35.453" is called the atomic mass. This is the average mass of an atom of chlorine, taking into account the different isotopes of chlorine and their relative abundance. The atomic mass is expressed in atomic mass units (amu) and is an important characteristic of an element as it helps in identifying and comparing different elements.

Metals are shiny, metallic, and good conductors of electricity. They have a lustrous appearance due to their ability to reflect light. Additionally, metals have a high electrical conductivity, allowing them to easily transfer electric charges. These properties make metals suitable for various applications, such as electrical wiring, construction materials, and manufacturing of electronic devices.

Rows in the Periodic table are called "periods" because they represent the energy levels or shells in which the electrons of the elements are arranged. Each period corresponds to a specific number of electron shells, starting from the first period with only one shell and increasing as you move down the table. The elements within a period have the same number of electron shells, but different numbers of electrons in their outermost shell, which determines their chemical properties. Therefore, the term "periods" accurately describes the horizontal arrangement of elements in the Periodic table.

J.J Thompson is the correct answer because he discovered the electron through his experiments with cathode rays in the late 19th century. He observed that these rays were negatively charged particles and proposed the existence of a subatomic particle called the electron. Thompson's discovery revolutionized the understanding of atomic structure and laid the foundation for the development of modern atomic theory.

Thompson did not create an atomic model that looks like the Jimmy Neutron symbol. This statement is false.

The correct answer is Thompson because his model of the atom, also known as the "plum pudding" model, depicted a positively charged sphere with electrons scattered throughout it like plums in a pudding. This model suggested that atoms were made up of a positively charged substance with negatively charged electrons embedded within it.

The number "17" represents the number of protons and neutrons in the chlorine atom. Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom, while neutrons are neutral particles also found in the nucleus. The sum of the number of protons and neutrons gives the atomic mass of an atom. In the case of chlorine, it has 17 protons and typically has 18 neutrons, giving it an atomic mass of approximately 35.453 atomic mass units.

J.J. Thompson had a device called a cathode ray. In this device, the anode had a positive charge and the cathode had a negative charge.

Rutherford's atomic model proposed that atoms have a positively charged nucleus at the center, which is surrounded by electrons moving in random paths around it. This model was based on his famous gold foil experiment, where he observed that some alpha particles were deflected when they passed through the gold foil, indicating the presence of a concentrated positive charge in the center of the atom. This model was a significant advancement in understanding the structure of atoms and laid the foundation for further developments in atomic theory.