Chapter 8 Muscular System Medical Terminology Test (4 Ross)

The correct answer is "gastr/o, gastro" because both terms refer to the stomach. "Gastr/o" is a combining form that specifically denotes the stomach, while "gastro" is a prefix that is commonly used in medical terminology to indicate the stomach or gastric-related conditions. Therefore, both "gastr/o" and "gastro" are valid medical terms for the stomach.

The words "kinesi/o," "kinesia," and "kinesis" all relate to or signify movement.

The term "algia" is a medical suffix that is used to refer to pain. It is derived from the Greek word "algos" which also means pain. Therefore, when "algia" is added as a suffix to a word, it indicates that the condition or symptom is related to pain.

The term "muscul/o" is a combining form that is derived from the Latin word "musculus," which means muscle. Therefore, "muscul/o" is used in medical terminology to refer to anything related to muscles.

Tenotomy is a surgical procedure that involves cutting a tendon. This procedure is typically performed to release tension or correct deformities caused by tight or shortened tendons. By cutting the tendon, the tension is relieved, allowing for improved movement and flexibility. Tenotomy is commonly used in orthopedic surgeries to treat conditions such as tendonitis, contractures, and certain types of spasticity.

Gastritis is the medical term used to describe inflammation of the stomach. This condition can be caused by various factors such as infection, excessive alcohol consumption, certain medications, or autoimmune disorders. Gastritis can lead to symptoms like abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. It can be diagnosed through medical tests such as endoscopy or blood tests. Treatment for gastritis usually involves lifestyle changes, such as avoiding irritants like spicy foods and alcohol, as well as medications to reduce stomach acid and treat underlying causes.

Inflammation of the liver is commonly referred to as hepatitis. Hepatitis can be caused by various factors such as viral infections (hepatitis A, B, C, etc.), alcohol abuse, certain medications, autoimmune diseases, and toxins. It is characterized by symptoms like fatigue, jaundice, abdominal pain, nausea, and loss of appetite. Hepatitis can be acute or chronic, and it is important to diagnose and treat the underlying cause to prevent further damage to the liver.

The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum are parts of the small intestines. These three sections are responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption and digestion in the digestive system. They play a crucial role in breaking down food particles and extracting essential nutrients before passing them into the large intestines for further processing.

Cholecystitis is the inflammation of the gallbladder. The term "chole-" refers to the gallbladder, and "-cystitis" refers to inflammation. Therefore, cholecystitis is the correct term for inflammation of the gallbladder.

The terms "ten/o" and "tendin/o" are both medical terms that refer to the same thing, which is a tendon. Tendons are tough bands of fibrous tissue that connect muscles to bones. They play a crucial role in allowing movement and transmitting the force generated by muscles to the bones, enabling joint movement. Therefore, "tendon" is the correct answer for this question.

Pancreatitis is the correct answer because it refers to the inflammation of the pancreas. This condition can be acute or chronic and is usually caused by gallstones, alcohol abuse, or certain medications. Pancreatitis can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and digestive issues. It is a serious condition that requires medical attention and treatment to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

The medical term for gallbladder is "cholecyst/o". This term combines the root word "cholecyst" which specifically refers to the gallbladder, and the combining form "-o" which indicates a condition or a part of the body. Therefore, "cholecyst/o" accurately represents the medical term for gallbladder.

Colitis is the inflammation of the colon, which is the large intestine. It can be caused by various factors such as infections, autoimmune disorders, or inflammatory bowel disease. Symptoms of colitis may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stools, and weight loss. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and severity of the condition and may include medications, lifestyle changes, and in severe cases, surgery.

Cholecystitis refers to the inflammation of the gallbladder. It is typically caused by the presence of gallstones, which obstruct the bile ducts and lead to the accumulation of bile in the gallbladder. This build-up of bile causes irritation and inflammation of the gallbladder wall. Symptoms of cholecystitis include severe abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and vomiting. If left untreated, cholecystitis can lead to complications such as gallbladder rupture or infection. Treatment usually involves antibiotics to control infection, pain medication, and in severe cases, surgical removal of the gallbladder.

Cholecystectomy is the medical term for the surgical removal of the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small organ located beneath the liver that stores bile, a substance produced by the liver to aid in the digestion of fats. Cholecystectomy is usually performed when the gallbladder is inflamed or when gallstones are present, causing symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. The procedure can be done through open surgery or laparoscopically, using small incisions and a camera to guide the surgeon. Cholecystectomy is a common and effective treatment for gallbladder-related conditions.

A visual exam of the colon is known as a colonoscopy. During this procedure, a flexible tube with a camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon for any abnormalities or signs of disease. It allows doctors to detect and diagnose conditions such as colon cancer, polyps, and inflammatory bowel disease. Colonoscopy is considered the gold standard for colon cancer screening and is recommended for individuals over the age of 50 or those with certain risk factors. It is a safe and effective procedure that can help prevent and treat colon-related health issues.

Chyme refers to the partially digested contents of the stomach. It is a thick, semi-fluid mixture that is formed when food mixes with gastric juices in the stomach. Chyme is then gradually released into the small intestine for further digestion and absorption of nutrients. The term "chyme" accurately describes the state of the partially digested food in the stomach, making it the correct answer.

The correct answer is "col/ostomy, colostomy." This term refers to the creation of a new opening between the colon and the abdominal wall. The prefix "col" indicates that it involves the colon, and the suffix "ostomy" refers to the surgical creation of an opening. Therefore, "col/ostomy" and "colostomy" both accurately describe the procedure of making a new opening into the colon.

Myopathy is the correct answer because it is a medical term used to describe any disease or disorder that affects the muscles. It is a general term that encompasses various muscular diseases, including muscular dystrophy, myositis, and muscle weakness. Myopathy can be caused by genetic factors, autoimmune conditions, infections, or certain medications. Symptoms of myopathy may include muscle weakness, pain, stiffness, and difficulty in movement. Diagnosis is usually done through physical examination, medical history, and various tests such as blood tests, electromyography, and muscle biopsy. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes.

Kinesiology is the study of movement. It involves the analysis of human motion, including the mechanics, anatomy, and physiology behind it. This field explores how the body moves and functions during various activities, such as sports, exercise, and everyday movements. Kinesiology is interdisciplinary, drawing knowledge from areas such as biomechanics, physiology, psychology, and anatomy. It is used in various fields, including sports science, physical therapy, and rehabilitation.

The correct answer for the medical term for liver is "hepat/o" or "hepato". These terms are derived from the Greek word "hepar" which means liver. In medical terminology, the prefix "hepat/o" or "hepato" is commonly used to refer to the liver or related conditions and diseases.

The correct answer is gastroenteritis. Gastroenteritis refers to the inflammation of the stomach and intestine. It is typically caused by a viral or bacterial infection and is characterized by symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever. Gastroenteritis can be spread through contaminated food or water, or through close contact with an infected individual. Treatment for gastroenteritis usually involves rest, fluid replacement to prevent dehydration, and in some cases, medication to relieve symptoms.

Cholecystectomy refers to the surgical removal of the gallbladder. This procedure is typically performed to treat gallstones, inflammation, or other conditions that affect the gallbladder. The removal of the gallbladder is necessary when it becomes dysfunctional or poses a risk to the patient's health. Cholecystectomy can be done through open surgery or minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopy. After the procedure, bile flows directly from the liver to the small intestine, bypassing the gallbladder.

The correct answer is "leg, the legs, the leg." The hamstrings are a group of muscles located at the back of the thigh, specifically in the leg region. They play a crucial role in bending the knee and extending the hip joint.

The correct answer is muscul/o, my/o. The question is asking for the medical term for muscle. "Muscul/o" and "my/o" are both combining forms that refer to muscles. "Muscul/o" specifically refers to skeletal muscle, while "my/o" can refer to any type of muscle. Therefore, both terms are correct answers for the medical term for muscle.

The correct answer is "enter/o" because it is the medical term for the small intestine. The suffix "-o" is commonly used in medical terminology to indicate a body part or organ, and "enter-" specifically refers to the intestine. Therefore, "enter/o" accurately represents the small intestine in medical terminology.

Tendinitis refers to the inflammation of a tendon. This condition occurs when a tendon, which connects muscle to bone, becomes irritated or damaged due to overuse or repetitive movements. Common symptoms include pain, swelling, and tenderness in the affected area. Tendinitis can occur in various parts of the body, such as the wrist, elbow, shoulder, or knee. It is often treated with rest, ice, physical therapy, and anti-inflammatory medications.

Tenotomy is the medical term for the cutting of a tendon. This procedure is often performed to treat conditions such as contractures or to release tension in a tendon. During a tenotomy, the tendon is cut to relieve pressure or allow for better movement. This can be done through open surgery or minimally invasive techniques. Tenotomy is a common procedure performed by orthopedic surgeons and can help improve mobility and reduce pain in patients with tendon-related issues.

The term "ton/o" is the medical term for tone or tension. It refers to the state of tension or firmness in a muscle. This term is commonly used in medical contexts to describe the level of muscle tone or tension in a patient.

The upper arm muscle is called the deltoid. The term "deltoid" refers to the triangular shape of the muscle, which resembles the Greek letter delta. It is a large muscle located on the outer side of the upper arm and is responsible for lifting and rotating the arm. The capitalization of "Deltoid" in the answer is likely just a formatting error and does not affect the correctness of the answer.

The correct answer for the medical term for colon is "col/o" or "COL/O". The term "col/o" refers to the colon, which is the longest part of the large intestine. It is responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from the undigested food, forming stool, and eliminating waste from the body. The term "COL/O" is the capitalized form of "col/o" and can also be used to represent the colon in medical terminology.

The correct answer is "trapezius" or "Trapezius". The trapezius is a large muscle located in the upper back and neck region. It is shaped like a trapezoid and is responsible for various movements of the shoulder and neck, such as shrugging, rotating, and retracting the scapula. The term "trapezius" is commonly used in medical terminology to refer to this specific muscle.

The correct answer is "quadriceps femoris." The term "quadriceps femoris" refers to a group of four muscles located in the front of the thigh. These muscles work together to extend the leg and are responsible for movements such as walking, running, and jumping. The term "quadriceps" is derived from Latin, meaning "four heads," while "femoris" refers to the femur bone to which these muscles are attached. Therefore, "quadriceps femoris" is the appropriate medical term for the thigh muscle.

The correct answer is "latissimus dorsi" or "Latissimus Dorsi." This is the medical term for the back muscle that is located on the sides of the upper body, extending from the lower back to the armpits. It is responsible for various movements of the shoulder and arm, including pulling the arm down and back.

Fibromyalgia is a medical condition characterized by chronic muscle pain. It is a disorder that causes widespread pain, fatigue, and tenderness in the muscles and soft tissues. People with fibromyalgia often experience pain and stiffness in various parts of their body, including the muscles. This condition can also cause sleep disturbances, mood changes, and cognitive difficulties. While the exact cause of fibromyalgia is unknown, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Treatment for fibromyalgia typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, including medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes.

The correct answer is "All of the above" because both "stomy" and "-stomy" are valid suffixes that can be used to create a new opening. "Stomy" is a suffix that is commonly used in medical terminology to refer to the creation of an artificial opening, while "-stomy" is a more general suffix that can be used to indicate the creation of any type of opening. Therefore, both options are correct and can be used to create a new opening.