Chapter 7 Electric Current

A filament is a thin wire that is part of the circuit through the bulb. It is responsible for producing light when an electric current passes through it. The filament is typically made of tungsten or another high-resistance material that can withstand the high temperatures generated when electricity flows through it. The filament heats up and emits light, making it an essential component of an incandescent light bulb.

Current flows when there is a closed path that connects one battery terminal to the other battery terminal. This is because current is the flow of electric charge, and it requires a complete circuit for the charges to move. If there is an open circuit or a break in the path, the current cannot flow. Therefore, as long as there is a closed path connecting the battery terminals, current will flow.

Ohm's Law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage difference across the conductor and inversely proportional to the resistance of the conductor. This means that if the voltage difference increases, the current will also increase, and if the resistance increases, the current will decrease. Therefore, the statement "The current in a circuit equals the voltage difference divided by the resistance" aligns with Ohm's Law.

Voltage difference is measured in volts. Volts is the unit of measurement for voltage, which represents the potential difference between two points in an electrical circuit. It quantifies the force or pressure that drives electric current through a conductor. Amps, electrodes, and centimeters are not units of measurement for voltage difference.

The electrolyte is a conductor that allows the movement of charged particles, such as ions, between the electrodes in an electrochemical cell. This movement of charges is essential for the flow of electric current in the cell. Therefore, the statement "The electrolyte enables charges to move from one electrode to the other" is true.

Resistance is the tendency for a material to oppose the flow of electrons, changing electrical energy into thermal energy and light.

An electric circuit is a closed path through which electric current can flow. It consists of various components such as resistors, batteries, and voltage sources. When a complete path is formed, electrons can move through the circuit, creating a flow of electric current. Therefore, an electric circuit is the correct answer as it describes the closed path that electric current follows.

The correct answer is "resists, electrons". When electric current moves through the filament, the filament resists the flow of electrons. This resistance causes the electrons to lose energy as they move through the filament.

Ohm's Law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage difference across the conductor. This means that when an object is connected to a source of voltage difference, the current flowing in the circuit can be measured. The voltage difference creates an electric field, which in turn causes the flow of electric charges (current) through the conductor. By measuring the current, one can determine the relationship between the voltage and current, allowing for the calculation of resistance using Ohm's Law.

Electric current refers to the flow of electric charges in a single direction. It is the net movement of charged particles, such as electrons, through a conductor. Voltage difference, electric circuits, and batteries are all related to electric current as they are necessary for the establishment and maintenance of a continuous flow of charges. Voltage difference provides the driving force for the charges to move, electric circuits provide a path for the charges to flow, and batteries are a common source of voltage difference in many circuits.

Ohms Law is the correct answer because it is a fundamental principle in electrical engineering and physics that relates the voltage across a conductor to the current flowing through it and the resistance of the conductor. It states that the current is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance. Therefore, by using Ohms Law, one can measure the resistance of objects and materials by measuring the voltage and current in a circuit.

As the electrons flow through the filament, they collide with the metal atoms, causing resistance in the flow of electrical energy. This resistance converts some of the electrical energy into thermal energy, which is the energy associated with heat. This phenomenon is known as thermal energy and resistance.

A battery can provide the voltage difference that is needed to keep current flowing in a circuit. When a circuit is connected to a battery, the battery acts as a power source and supplies the necessary electrical energy to push the electrons through the circuit. The chemical reactions within the battery create a potential difference between its terminals, which drives the flow of electrons and maintains the current in the circuit.

A cell consists of two electrodes surrounded by a material called an electrolyte. The electrolyte is a substance that conducts electricity and allows the movement of ions between the electrodes, facilitating the flow of electric current in the cell. It is essential for the functioning of the cell as it helps maintain the balance of charges and enables the chemical reactions that generate electricity.

Lead acid batteries typically provide a voltage difference of 12 volts. This is a standard voltage for many lead acid batteries used in various applications such as automotive, marine, and backup power systems. The 12-volt rating allows for compatibility with a wide range of devices and equipment that require this voltage level.

A simple circuit consists of a source of voltage difference, such as a battery, a device with resistance (such as a lightbulb), and conductors that connect the device to the battery terminals. This circuit allows the flow of electric current, and according to Ohm's Law, the current flowing through the circuit is directly proportional to the voltage applied and inversely proportional to the resistance. Therefore, the given answer, "Simple circuit," accurately describes the components and behavior of the described system.

The given statement describes a lead-acid battery, which is a type of wet cell battery. Wet cell batteries consist of lead and lead dioxide plates submerged in a sulfuric acid solution. This type of battery is commonly used in vehicles and backup power systems due to its high energy density and ability to provide high current. It is different from dry cell batteries, which use a paste electrolyte instead of a liquid solution. The term "terminal batteries" does not provide any relevant information in this context.

The statement is true because it states that there is no net movement of electrons in one direction. This means that the electrons are not flowing in a consistent direction, indicating that there is no current. In order for current to exist, there needs to be a continuous flow of electrons in one direction. Therefore, if there is no net movement of electrons in one direction, it implies that there is no current.

Voltage difference is related to the force that causes electric charges to flow. When there is a difference in voltage between two points in an electric circuit, it creates an electric field that pushes the charges to move from higher voltage to lower voltage. This movement of charges is what we refer to as electric current. Therefore, voltage difference plays a crucial role in the flow of electric charges and the generation of electric currents.

Dry cell batteries contain electrolytes which contain most paste of several chemicals

A wet cell battery contains two connected plates made of different metals or metallic compounds in a conducting solution. This solution, often an electrolyte, allows for the flow of electric current between the plates. The conducting solution is typically a liquid, making the battery "wet" in nature. Wet cell batteries are commonly used in automotive applications, such as in lead-acid batteries found in cars.

When two terminals of a dry-cell battery are connected in a circuit involving zinc and several chemicals in the paste, electrons are transferred between some of the compounds in this chemical reaction. This transfer of electrons creates an electric current that flows through the circuit, allowing the battery to power the connected device or system.