Chapter 7 Burton

2.

Reinforcers that are exchangeable for some reinforcer of value to students is known as:

Activity reinforcer
Proprioceptive reinforcers
Token reinforcers
Tactile reinforcers

Correct Answer

A. Tactile reinforcers

Explanation

Tactile reinforcers are reinforcers that can be exchanged for some reinforcer of value to students. This means that students can receive a tactile reinforcer, such as a sticker or a small toy, in exchange for something they find rewarding or motivating. These reinforcers are often used in behavior modification programs to encourage desired behaviors and increase student engagement.

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3.

The schedule of reinforcement having a one-to-one ratio is:

Intermittent
Variable
Interval
Continuous

Correct Answer

A. Continuous

Explanation

Continuous reinforcement refers to a schedule of reinforcement where a behavior is reinforced every time it occurs. In other words, every instance of the desired behavior is followed by a reward or reinforcement. This type of reinforcement schedule is often used in initial stages of learning to establish and strengthen a behavior. It provides a clear and immediate link between the behavior and the reinforcement, making it effective for shaping and maintaining behaviors.

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4.

After lunch Mrs. Davis began to work with Marquis on acquistion of his sight words. Marquis was reinforced on a CRF schedule with primary reinforcers (pocorn). However, Mrs. Davis notcies that the popcorn was not serving as a reinforcer. What behavioral term describes the phenomenon that Mrs. Davis was observing?

Deprivation
Satiation
Pairing
Reinforcer sampling

Correct Answer

A. Satiation

Explanation

Satiation describes the phenomenon that Mrs. Davis was observing. Satiation occurs when a reinforcer loses its effectiveness due to overexposure or excessive consumption. In this case, Marquis had likely consumed enough popcorn that it was no longer reinforcing his behavior of acquiring sight words.

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5.

Joe was on a CRF schedule to reinforce the behavior of raising his hand before speaking out. His teacher decided she needed to thin his schedule of reinforcement from a CRF to VI 10 schedule. Joe's use of handing raising decreased and he began to call out without raising his hand. The behavioral principle that explains this situation is _________.

Ratio strain
Thinning
Premack Principle
Pairing

Correct Answer

A. Ratio strain

Explanation

Ratio strain refers to a situation where a person's behavior decreases or becomes less consistent when the schedule of reinforcement is thinned or made less frequent. In this case, Joe's behavior of raising his hand decreased when the reinforcement schedule was changed from a continuous reinforcement (CRF) to a variable interval (VI) 10 schedule. This change in reinforcement schedule caused ratio strain, leading to Joe's behavior of calling out without raising his hand.

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6.

An example of a constructive feedback reinforcer is:

That's right
Good try! You almost finished on time
Keep Working!
You're doing much better!

Correct Answer

A. Good try! You almost finished on time

Explanation

This statement can be considered a constructive feedback reinforcer because it acknowledges the effort and progress made by the person. It recognizes that they were close to completing the task on time, which is a positive aspect. By providing this feedback, it encourages the person to continue working and motivates them to improve further.

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7.

Confirmation of the reinforcing properties of a stimulus lies in:

The stimulus
The effect on behavior
The schedule
The teacher

Correct Answer

A. The effect on behavior

Explanation

The correct answer is "the effect on behavior." This is because the confirmation of the reinforcing properties of a stimulus can be observed through the effect it has on behavior. If the behavior increases or is maintained after the presentation of a stimulus, it suggests that the stimulus has reinforcing properties. The other options, such as the stimulus itself, the schedule, or the teacher, may play a role in the reinforcement process, but they do not directly confirm the reinforcing properties of the stimulus.

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8.

A "learned" reinforcer is also known as:

Natural reinforcer
Deprived reinforcer
Aversive reinforcer
Conditional reinforcer

Correct Answer

A. Conditional reinforcer

Explanation

A "learned" reinforcer refers to a stimulus or event that becomes reinforcing to an individual through learned associations. This type of reinforcer is also known as a conditional reinforcer because its reinforcing properties are contingent upon certain conditions or learned associations. Unlike natural reinforcers, which are inherently reinforcing (e.g., food, water), or aversive reinforcers, which involve the removal of an unpleasant stimulus, a learned reinforcer only becomes reinforcing after being paired with other reinforcers or stimuli through conditioning processes. Therefore, the correct answer is conditional reinforcer.

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9.

The Premack Principle is the reinforcement system use most often by teachers. Which of the following is an example if the Premack Principle?

If you stay outside for 10 more minutes, then you must do your entire math problems
If you finish all your work, then you may have free timme for 10 minutes
If you are the line leader for today, then you must be quiet during study period
If you get a drink of water, then you must stay in your seat the rest of the day

Correct Answer

A. If you finish all your work, then you may have free timme for 10 minutes

Explanation

The correct answer is an example of the Premack Principle because it involves using a preferred or high-probability activity (having free time for 10 minutes) as a reinforcement for completing a less preferred or low-probability activity (finishing all your work). This principle suggests that individuals are more likely to engage in a less preferred behavior if it is followed by a more preferred behavior. In this case, the promise of free time serves as a motivator to complete all the work.

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10.

____________ is a naturally occurring phenomenon

Time out
Reinforcement
Contingency contracting
Response cost

Correct Answer

A. Reinforcement

Explanation

Reinforcement is a naturally occurring phenomenon because it involves the process of strengthening a behavior by providing a consequence that increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future. In nature, organisms are naturally reinforced by the consequences of their actions, such as obtaining food or avoiding predators. This natural process of reinforcement plays a crucial role in shaping behavior and promoting survival and adaptation.

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Chapter 7 Burton

The best way to determine wheather something is reinforcing to a student is to use

Reinforcers that are exchangeable for some reinforcer of value to students is known as:

The schedule of reinforcement having a one-to-one ratio is:

An example of a constructive feedback reinforcer is:

Confirmation of the reinforcing properties of a stimulus lies in:

A "learned" reinforcer is also known as:

The Premack Principle is the reinforcement system use most often by teachers. Which of the following is an example if the Premack Principle?

____________ is a naturally occurring phenomenon