Chapter 6 / Ancient Greece

Democracy is a form of government in which citizens have the power to make decisions and govern themselves. It is characterized by free and fair elections, where individuals have the right to vote and participate in the political process. In a democratic system, the government is accountable to the people and their rights and freedoms are protected. This form of government promotes equality, representation, and the voice of the people in shaping policies and laws.

The correct answer is Pelopn-nesian. The war fought between Athens and Sparta was called the Peloponnesian War. This conflict lasted for 27 years from 431 to 404 BC and was primarily a power struggle between the two dominant Greek city-states. The war resulted in the eventual decline of Athens as a major power and marked the end of the Golden Age of Athens.

Slavery refers to the condition of being owned by and forced to work for someone else. It is a system where individuals are treated as property and have no control over their own lives or labor. In contrast to democracy, which is a form of government where power is vested in the people, slavery represents a complete lack of freedom and autonomy. The terms vendor and agora are unrelated to the concept of slavery.

Plague is a widespread disease that has caused devastating pandemics throughout history. It is characterized by high fever, chills, and the formation of painful, swollen lymph nodes. Plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, which is primarily transmitted through fleas that infest rats. The disease has had a significant impact on human populations, causing millions of deaths in the past. The word "plague" is commonly used to refer to any widespread and highly contagious disease, making it the correct answer in this context.

Alexander the Great is the correct answer because he was a famous historical figure who was the King of Macedonia. He is known for his military conquests and for spreading Greek culture throughout the ancient world. His title "the Great" is a testament to his achievements and the impact he had on history. The other options, Mr. King the Great, Socrates the Great, and Zeus the Great, do not accurately represent the historical context or the accomplishments of Alexander the Great.

Helen is the correct answer because she is widely known in Greek mythology as the woman whose abduction by Paris of Troy sparked the Trojan War. She was the wife of Menelaus, the king of Sparta, and her beauty was said to be unparalleled. Helen's elopement with Paris caused a conflict between the Greeks and the Trojans, leading to a decade-long war that resulted in the fall of Troy.

Sparta is the correct answer because it was known for its militaristic society. In ancient Greece, Sparta was focused on military training and discipline. The city-state had a highly organized and powerful army, which was the backbone of its society. The Spartan government and way of life revolved around the military, with all aspects of life geared towards producing strong and skilled soldiers. This emphasis on military strength and readiness set Sparta apart from other city-states like Athens, which had a more democratic and intellectual focus.

Zeus was the main god of the Greeks. In Greek mythology, Zeus was the king of the gods and the god of the sky and thunder. He was considered the most powerful deity and the ruler of Mount Olympus. Zeus was often depicted as a mature man with a beard and a lightning bolt in his hand. He was worshipped and revered by the ancient Greeks as the supreme god who controlled the forces of nature and had authority over all other gods and mortals.

The Greek gods lived on Mt. Olympus. This is a well-known fact in Greek mythology. Mt. Olympus is considered the dwelling place of the gods and is often depicted as a majestic and divine mountain. Many Greek myths and legends are set on Mt. Olympus, and it is portrayed as a place of power and grandeur. Therefore, the correct answer is Mt. Olympus.

In ancient Sparta, boys were sent to live in military barracks at the age of 7. This was part of their training and education to become strong and disciplined warriors. The Spartan society placed a strong emphasis on military training and believed that by separating the boys from their families and immersing them in a military environment, they would develop the necessary skills and qualities to become successful soldiers. This practice was unique to Sparta and not followed in Athens or other ancient Greek city-states.

The Spartans won the war between Sparta and Athens. This is because the Spartans were able to defeat the Athenians in the Peloponnesian War, which lasted from 431 to 404 BC. The Spartans had a superior military and were able to surround and besiege Athens, ultimately leading to their victory.

Homer is the correct answer because he is widely believed to be the author of both the Iliad and the Odyssey. These epic poems are considered to be two of the greatest works of ancient Greek literature. Homer's authorship of these texts is supported by historical evidence and literary analysis, as well as the traditional attribution of these works to him. Zeus, Helen, and Mrs. Goulette are not associated with the writing of these epic poems.

Athens is the correct answer because it was an ancient Greek city-state that was known for its strong economy based on trade and agriculture. The Athenians were skilled traders and had a thriving marketplace, which allowed them to engage in extensive trade with other city-states and regions. Additionally, Athens had fertile land that was suitable for agriculture, and the Athenians cultivated crops such as olives, grapes, and grains. These economic activities played a significant role in the prosperity and development of Athens.

Athens is the correct answer because it was indeed a city-state in ancient Greece and is widely recognized as the birthplace of democracy. It was known for its democratic government system and its influence on the development of political philosophy. Athens played a significant role in ancient Greek culture, arts, and education, making it a prominent city-state during that time.

During ancient Greece, it was common for slaves to be captured during wars. The Greeks frequently engaged in warfare with neighboring city-states and other civilizations, and it was during these conflicts that many individuals were taken as prisoners and subsequently enslaved. Slavery played a significant role in the ancient Greek society, with slaves being utilized for various tasks such as labor, domestic work, and even as concubines. Therefore, it is accurate to say that most slaves in ancient Greece were indeed captured during war.

Greek art was characterized by a pursuit of perfection in form, balance, and harmony. The ancient Greeks believed that beauty and excellence were essential qualities in art, and they strived to achieve this ideal in their sculptures, paintings, and architecture. This can be seen in the lifelike proportions and idealized representations of the human body in Greek art, as well as the meticulous attention to detail and symmetry. The concept of perfection in Greek art was closely tied to their philosophical and cultural values, making the statement "The goal of Greek art was perfection" true.

The correct answer is Agora. In ancient Greek cities, the Agora was a public market and meeting place where people would gather to buy and sell goods, as well as engage in social and political activities. It was a central hub of daily life in the city and played a crucial role in the development of Greek society and culture. The Agora was not directly related to slavery, Athens, or being a vendor, but rather represented a broader concept of a marketplace and communal space.

Athens is the correct answer because it was known for its democratic government and open society. In Athens, citizens had the freedom to participate in the political process, express their opinions, and engage in trade and commerce. The city-state valued individual freedoms and encouraged intellectual and artistic pursuits. This openness and freedom set Athens apart from Sparta, which had a more rigid and militaristic society.

In ancient Athens, slaves made up a significant portion of the population. They were considered property and were owned by the citizens of Athens. Slavery was an integral part of the Athenian society, with slaves performing various tasks such as labor, household chores, and even serving as tutors or entertainers. Therefore, it can be inferred that one-third of the people living in Athens were slaves.

Sparta is the correct answer because it was a city-state in ancient Greece known for its strict and disciplined way of life. The Spartans believed in living a simple and frugal life, devoid of luxury. They valued physical strength, military training, and endurance, and their society was focused on producing strong and disciplined warriors. In contrast, Athens, another prominent city-state in ancient Greece, was known for its cultural and intellectual pursuits, and its citizens enjoyed a more comfortable and luxurious lifestyle.

The Ancient Greeks influenced our country through their architecture. They were known for their advanced architectural techniques and designs, which have had a lasting impact on the field. Greek architecture, with its use of columns, symmetry, and mathematical precision, has been highly influential in shaping the architectural styles of many civilizations that followed, including our own. From government buildings to private residences, the Greek architectural principles continue to be used and admired in modern-day structures.

In Athens, girls were expected to marry at a young age and remain at home, learning domestic skills from their mothers. The role of women in Athens was primarily centered around the household and raising children. On the other hand, Sparta had a different approach, where women had more freedom and were encouraged to participate in physical activities and receive education. However, based on the given information, it is clear that the correct answer is Athens, as it describes the societal expectations for girls in that city-state.

The correct answer is separate customs and beliefs. The geographical features of water and mountains in Ancient Greece created barriers between communities, leading to the development of distinct customs and beliefs. These physical barriers hindered easy communication and interaction, allowing each community to develop its own unique practices and traditions.

The statement is true because the 12 Olympians were the major deities in Greek mythology and they were believed to have control over various aspects of the natural world. Each god or goddess had their own domain, such as Zeus being the ruler of the sky and thunder, Poseidon being the god of the sea, and Demeter being the goddess of agriculture. Together, they governed and influenced different elements of nature, making them responsible for ruling all parts of the natural world.

Socrates was indeed brought to trial and subsequently executed because he was accused of dishonoring the Gods and corrupting the minds of young men. His teachings and questioning of traditional beliefs and authorities were seen as a threat to the established order and values of Athenian society. The Athenian jury found him guilty, leading to his death by drinking poison.

The correct answer is Troy vs Greece. The Trojan War was a legendary conflict in Greek mythology that took place between the city of Troy and the Greek states, collectively known as Greece. The war was sparked by the abduction of Helen, the wife of Menelaus, by Paris, the prince of Troy. The Greeks, led by Agamemnon, launched a military campaign against Troy, which lasted for ten years. The war ended with the famous Greek victory through the use of the Trojan Horse.

In Athens, only men were granted citizenship. Women were not considered citizens and did not have the same rights and privileges as men. They were not allowed to participate in political life or hold public office. Therefore, the statement that both men and women could be granted citizenship in Athens is false.

The city of Alexandria was known for its advancements in various academic subjects. Two main subjects that flourished in Alexandria were math and science. The city was home to renowned scholars and mathematicians who made significant contributions to these fields. They conducted research, developed theories, and made discoveries that greatly influenced the progress of mathematics and science. These academic subjects thrived in Alexandria due to the support and patronage of the ruling elite, the availability of resources, and the exchange of knowledge among scholars.

In ancient Athens, women were primarily responsible for running the household. They managed the day-to-day operations of the home, including cooking, cleaning, and raising children. They also had some influence over household finances and were expected to be obedient to their husbands. In contrast, in Sparta, women had more freedom and were encouraged to participate in physical activities and sports. However, they still had responsibilities at home and were expected to produce strong and healthy children for the Spartan military.

The Minoans lived in Crete. Crete was the main island in the Aegean Sea where the Minoan civilization flourished during the Bronze Age. The Minoans were known for their advanced culture, trade networks, and impressive architecture, such as the palace complexes at Knossos. Crete was the center of their civilization, and they developed a unique society and economy on the island.

In ancient Greece, women in Athens had limited rights and were not considered citizens. They were excluded from participating in government and business activities. On the other hand, in Sparta, women had more freedom and were considered citizens. They had more rights and responsibilities, including participating in government and owning property. Therefore, the correct answer is Sparta, as it is the only option where women were citizens and actively took part in government and business.

The correct answer is that Greece became wealthy through trade. Due to its geography, Greece had limited arable land and resources, which led to a reliance on trade to acquire essential goods such as food. The Greeks became skilled traders, utilizing their strategic location between Europe, Asia, and Africa to establish lucrative trade routes. They exported valuable commodities such as olive oil, wine, and pottery, which brought in significant wealth and prosperity to the region.

Greece is known for its lack of major rivers. The country is mostly mountainous, and its terrain is not conducive to the formation of large rivers. While there are some smaller rivers in Greece, none of them can be considered major in terms of size or importance. The country's limited water resources and arid climate further contribute to the absence of major rivers. Therefore, the statement that there are no major rivers in Greece is true.

The statement is false because the Spartans did not defeat the Athenians in the Peloponnesian War solely due to their superior fighting skills. The war lasted for 27 years and had multiple factors contributing to its outcome, including political, economic, and military factors. While the Spartans had a well-trained military and were known for their disciplined fighting skills, the Athenians also had a strong navy and were able to hold their own for a significant portion of the war. Ultimately, the war ended in a stalemate with neither side achieving a clear victory.