Chapter ( 5 )

1. What is computer fraud?

Any illegal act for which knowledge of computer technology is essential for its perpetration, investigation, or prosecution.

Using a computer to steal more of something in much less time and with much less effort than without the use of such technology.

A type of crime that is often much more difficult to detect than other types of fraud.

All of the above.

Computer fraud refers to any illegal act that requires knowledge of computer technology for its execution, investigation, or prosecution. It can involve using a computer to steal or commit fraud more efficiently and quickly than without the use of technology. Additionally, computer fraud is often harder to detect compared to other types of fraud. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" as all the options provided correctly describe different aspects of computer fraud.

Explanation

Computer fraud refers to any illegal act that requires knowledge of computer technology for its execution, investigation, or prosecution. It can involve using a computer to steal or commit fraud more efficiently and quickly than without the use of technology. Additionally, computer fraud is often harder to detect compared to other types of fraud. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" as all the options provided correctly describe different aspects of computer fraud.

2. Any and all legal means a person uses to gain an unfair advantage over another person.

Employee fraud

Fraud

Fraudulent financial reporting

Misappropriation of assets

Fraud is the correct answer because it encompasses all the other options listed. Any and all legal means a person uses to gain an unfair advantage over another person can be considered as fraud. Employee fraud, fraudulent financial reporting, and misappropriation of assets are all forms of fraud. Therefore, fraud is the most appropriate choice as it covers the broadest range of deceptive practices.

Explanation

Fraud is the correct answer because it encompasses all the other options listed. Any and all legal means a person uses to gain an unfair advantage over another person can be considered as fraud. Employee fraud, fraudulent financial reporting, and misappropriation of assets are all forms of fraud. Therefore, fraud is the most appropriate choice as it covers the broadest range of deceptive practices.

3. A scheme where the perpetrator steals the cash or check that customer A mails in to pay its accounts receivable, then the perpetrator takes the funds from customer B to later cover that account. And so on with Customer C.

Employee fraud

Computer fraud

Kiting

Lapping

Lapping is a scheme where the perpetrator steals cash or checks from one customer to cover the accounts of another customer. In this scenario, the perpetrator steals the cash or check from customer A and uses the funds from customer B to cover that account. This process is repeated with customer C and potentially other customers. Lapping involves manipulating accounts receivable to conceal the theft of funds.

Explanation

Lapping is a scheme where the perpetrator steals cash or checks from one customer to cover the accounts of another customer. In this scenario, the perpetrator steals the cash or check from customer A and uses the funds from customer B to cover that account. This process is repeated with customer C and potentially other customers. Lapping involves manipulating accounts receivable to conceal the theft of funds.

4. Research shows that three conditions are necessary for fraud to occur. What are they?

Pressure, stress, rationalization.

Pressure, grievance, opportunity.

Stress, opportunity, pressure.

Pressure, opportunity, rationalization.

The correct answer is pressure, opportunity, and rationalization. Research has shown that these three conditions are necessary for fraud to occur. Pressure refers to the financial or emotional stress that motivates someone to commit fraud. Opportunity refers to the presence of circumstances or situations that allow someone to carry out fraudulent activities. Rationalization refers to the cognitive process by which individuals justify their fraudulent actions to themselves, often by convincing themselves that their behavior is necessary or justified. These three conditions working together create an environment conducive to fraud.

Explanation

The correct answer is pressure, opportunity, and rationalization. Research has shown that these three conditions are necessary for fraud to occur. Pressure refers to the financial or emotional stress that motivates someone to commit fraud. Opportunity refers to the presence of circumstances or situations that allow someone to carry out fraudulent activities. Rationalization refers to the cognitive process by which individuals justify their fraudulent actions to themselves, often by convincing themselves that their behavior is necessary or justified. These three conditions working together create an environment conducive to fraud.

5. Changing data before, during or after it is entered into the system is:

Data leakage

Data diddling

Hacking

Hijacking

Data diddling refers to the act of altering or manipulating data before, during, or after it is entered into a system. This can be done by unauthorized individuals with malicious intent in order to deceive or defraud the system or its users. Data leakage refers to the unauthorized release or disclosure of sensitive data, hacking refers to unauthorized access or intrusion into a computer system, and hijacking refers to the unauthorized takeover or control of a system or network. Therefore, data diddling is the most appropriate term to describe the act of changing data before, during, or after it is entered into the system.

Explanation

Data diddling refers to the act of altering or manipulating data before, during, or after it is entered into a system. This can be done by unauthorized individuals with malicious intent in order to deceive or defraud the system or its users. Data leakage refers to the unauthorized release or disclosure of sensitive data, hacking refers to unauthorized access or intrusion into a computer system, and hijacking refers to the unauthorized takeover or control of a system or network. Therefore, data diddling is the most appropriate term to describe the act of changing data before, during, or after it is entered into the system.