Chapter 4-6 PsychStats Pre-Test

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Questions: 12 | Attempts: 52 | Updated: May 17, 2023

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1-tailed 2-tailed. 05 +/- 1.64 +/- 1.96.01 +/- 2.33 +/- 2.57 σ2 m = σ2/N Z = (M – μm) / σ m Z = (x – μ) / σ
d = (μ1- μ2)/σ

Questions and Answers

1.

A researcher is testing whether students who sleep well the night before an exam have better scores than students who don’t sleep well the night before an exam. Which is “population 1”?
- A.
  
  Students who don’t sleep well
- B.
  
  Students who do sleep well
- C.
  
  Students at Maryville
- D.
  
  Students who receive good grades
Correct Answer
B. Students who do sleep well

Explanation
Our sample population that we are testing is composed of students who do sleep well (pop.1), while we compare them to those who don't sleep well (pop.2)

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2.

Using the information from Question 1, what is the appropriate research hypothesis?
- A.
  
  μ1 < μ2
- B.
  
  μ1 = μ2
- C.
  
  M1 > M2
- D.
  
  μ1 > μ2
Correct Answer
D. μ1 > μ2

Explanation
We are predicting that the mean score of population 1 will be greater than population 2. "C" is incorrect, because we use μ to describe the means of the 2 populations. "M" only describes sample means.

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3.

Continuing from Question 1, we know μ = 85 and σ = 7. If a student from Population 1 has a score of 95, what can the researcher conclude? (Assume .05 significance level)
- A.
  
  Since 1.42 < 1.96, reject the null
- B.
  
  Since 1.96 > 1.42, reject the null
- C.
  
  Since 1.42 < 1.64, accept the null
- D.
  
  Since -1.42 < 1.64, accept the null
Correct Answer
C. Since 1.42 < 1.64, accept the null

Explanation
Our raw score of 95 falls 1.42 standard deviations above the mean. Since we are doing a one-tailed test, our cutoff point is 1.64 standard deviations above the mean. Since 1.42 is not more extreme than 1.64, we cannot reject the null.

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4.

In the hypothesis-testing process, we compare the actual sample’s score to:
- A.
  
  Null Distribution
- B.
  
  Population 1
- C.
  
  Comparison Distribution
- D.
  
  Kurtotic Distribution
Correct Answer
C. Comparison Distribution

Explanation
See p.111

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5.

A researcher believes that by taking vitamins, people will increase the speed at which they read. He tests this hypothesis by timing multiple individuals who have taken vitamins as they read a book. Is this a one-tailed or two-tailed test?
- A.
  
  A two-tailed test, because he wants to see if they increase reading speed and lower their time to read a book
- B.
  
  A one-tailed test in the positive end, because he wants to see if people increase their words per minute reading speed
- C.
  
  A one-tailed test in the negative end, because he wants to see if people take less time to read their book
- D.
  
  It can be either.
Correct Answer
C. A one-tailed test in the negative end, because he wants to see if people take less time to read their book

Explanation
Since he is studying the test by timing people, he is expecting that people who take vitamins will take less time to read than people who don't take vitamins. Therefore, we are actually looking at a one tailed test in the negative direction.

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6.

In a population, the μ = 5, M = 7, N= 36, and σ = 2.What is μ_m? (WRITE THESE #S DOWN, AS THEY REFER TO THE NEXT QUESTION TOO)
- A.
  
  2.5
- B.
  
  5
- C.
  
  2
- D.
  
  5.2
Correct Answer
B. 5

Explanation
Since μm = μ, μm = 5

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7.

Using the information from Question 6, what is σ _m?
- A.
  
  .33
- B.
  
  1
- C.
  
  3.5
- D.
  
  1.3
Correct Answer
A. .33

Explanation
According to the equation σm = σ/√N, 2/√36 = .33

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8.

Using the information from Question 6, what are the upper and lower confidence limits of a 95% Confidence interval? (Hint: 1.96)
- A.
  
  4.35, 5.65
- B.
  
  1.08, 8.92
- C.
  
  6.35, 7.65
- D.
  
  3.08, 10.92
Correct Answer
C. 6.35, 7.65

Explanation
Lower/Upper Limits: M -/+ (1.96)(σm) = 7 -/+ (1.96)(.33) = 6.35, 7.65

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9.

A researcher has made an error in which she has rejected the null hypothesis when she should not have. What type of error is this?
- A.
  
  Type III
- B.
  
  Type B
- C.
  
  Type II
- D.
  
  Type I
Correct Answer
D. Type I

Explanation
A Type I error (also called "alpha") occurs when a researcher rejected the null when they shouldn't have. A Type II Error occurs when a researcher does not reject the null when they should have (also called "Beta"). When we reduce the risk of Type I, we increase the risk of Type II (and vice versa).

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10.

M= 210, μ= 200, and σ=48. What can we say about the effect size as it compares a sample to the population?
- A.
  
  D = -.21; negative effect
- B.
  
  D = .21; medium effect
- C.
  
  D = .21; small effect
- D.
  
  D = -.21; small effect
Correct Answer
C. D = .21; small effect

Explanation
Following the equation d = (μ1- μ2)/σ, we found (210-200)/48= .21. It is a small effect, because .2=small effect, .5=medium effect, and .8=large effect.

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11.

Statistical Power is:
- A.
  
  The probability that the study will give a significant result if the research hypothesis is false
- B.
  
  The probability that the study will give a significant result if the research hypothesis is true
- C.
  
  How powerful a study's effect size is
- D.
  
  The probability of making a Type I Error
Correct Answer
B. The probability that the study will give a significant result if the research hypothesis is true

Explanation
See p. 187

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12.

When the population mean is unknown, the best estimate of the population mean is ______________
- A.
  
  The Mean of the Distribution of Means
- B.
  
  The Standard Error
- C.
  
  The Sample Mean
- D.
  
  The Median
Correct Answer
C. The Sample Mean

Explanation
The sample mean is the best estimate of the population mean when the population mean is unknown; however, if the population mean IS unknown, we create a Confidence Interval to estimate between what values the true population mean could be.

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May 17, 2023

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Feb 23, 2010

Quiz Created by
Stlpsychgrad

Chapter 4-6 Psychstats Pre-test

A researcher is testing whether students who sleep well the night before an exam have better scores than students who don’t sleep well the night before an exam. Which is “population 1”?

Using the information from Question 1, what is the appropriate research hypothesis?

Continuing from Question 1, we know μ = 85 and σ = 7. If a student from Population 1 has a score of 95, what can the researcher conclude? (Assume .05 significance level)

In the hypothesis-testing process, we compare the actual sample’s score to:

A researcher believes that by taking vitamins, people will increase the speed at which they read. He tests this hypothesis by timing multiple individuals who have taken vitamins as they read a book. Is this a one-tailed or two-tailed test?

In a population, the μ = 5, M = 7, N= 36, and σ = 2.What is μm? (WRITE THESE #S DOWN, AS THEY REFER TO THE NEXT QUESTION TOO)

Using the information from Question 6, what is σ m?

Using the information from Question 6, what are the upper and lower confidence limits of a 95% Confidence interval? (Hint: 1.96)

A researcher has made an error in which she has rejected the null hypothesis when she should not have. What type of error is this?

M= 210, μ= 200, and σ=48. What can we say about the effect size as it compares a sample to the population?

Statistical Power is:

When the population mean is unknown, the best estimate of the population mean is ______________

In a population, the μ = 5, M = 7, N= 36, and σ = 2.What is μ_m? (WRITE THESE #S DOWN, AS THEY REFER TO THE NEXT QUESTION TOO)

Using the information from Question 6, what is σ _m?