Chapter 4-6 Psychstats Pre-test

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  • 1/12 Questions

    Using the information from Question 1, what is the appropriate research hypothesis?

    • μ1 < μ2
    • μ1 = μ2
    • M1 > M2
    • μ1 > μ2
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About This Quiz

1-tailed 2-tailed. 05 +/- 1.64 +/- 1.96.01 +/- 2.33 +/- 2.57 σ2 m = σ2/N Z = (M – μm) / σ m Z = (x – μ) / σ
d = (μ1- μ2)/σ

Chapter 4-6 Psychstats Pre-test - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    In a population, the μ = 5, M = 7, N= 36, and σ = 2.What is μm?  (WRITE THESE #S DOWN, AS THEY REFER TO THE NEXT QUESTION TOO)

    • 2.5

    • 5

    • 2

    • 5.2

    Correct Answer
    A. 5
    Explanation
    Since μm = μ, μm = 5

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  • 3. 

    A researcher is testing whether students who sleep well the night before an exam have better scores than students who don’t sleep well the night before an exam. Which is “population 1”?

    • Students who don’t sleep well

    • Students who do sleep well

    • Students at Maryville

    • Students who receive good grades

    Correct Answer
    A. Students who do sleep well
    Explanation
    Our sample population that we are testing is composed of students who do sleep well (pop.1), while we compare them to those who don't sleep well (pop.2)

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  • 4. 

    Continuing from Question 1, we know μ = 85 and σ = 7. If a student from Population 1 has a score of 95, what can the researcher conclude? (Assume .05 significance level) 

    • Since 1.42 < 1.96, reject the null

    • Since 1.96 > 1.42, reject the null

    • Since 1.42 < 1.64, accept the null

    • Since -1.42 < 1.64, accept the null

    Correct Answer
    A. Since 1.42 < 1.64, accept the null
    Explanation
    Our raw score of 95 falls 1.42 standard deviations above the mean. Since we are doing a one-tailed test, our cutoff point is 1.64 standard deviations above the mean. Since 1.42 is not more extreme than 1.64, we cannot reject the null.

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  • 5. 

    Using the information from Question 6, what is σ m?

    • .33

    • 1

    • 3.5

    • 1.3

    Correct Answer
    A. .33
    Explanation
    According to the equation σm = σ/√N, 2/√36 = .33

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  • 6. 

    M= 210, μ= 200, and σ=48. What can we say about the effect size as it compares a sample to the population?

    • D = -.21; negative effect

    • D = .21; medium effect

    • D = .21; small effect

    • D = -.21; small effect

    Correct Answer
    A. D = .21; small effect
    Explanation
    Following the equation d = (μ1- μ2)/σ, we found (210-200)/48= .21. It is a small effect, because .2=small effect, .5=medium effect, and .8=large effect.

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  • 7. 

    A researcher has made an error in which she has rejected the null hypothesis when she should not have. What type of error is this?

    • Type III

    • Type B

    • Type II

    • Type I

    Correct Answer
    A. Type I
    Explanation
    A Type I error (also called "alpha") occurs when a researcher rejected the null when they shouldn't have. A Type II Error occurs when a researcher does not reject the null when they should have (also called "Beta"). When we reduce the risk of Type I, we increase the risk of Type II (and vice versa).

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  • 8. 

    In the hypothesis-testing process, we compare the actual sample’s score to:

    • Null Distribution

    • Population 1

    • Comparison Distribution

    • Kurtotic Distribution

    Correct Answer
    A. Comparison Distribution
    Explanation
    See p.111

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  • 9. 

    Using the information from Question 6, what are the upper and lower confidence limits of a 95% Confidence interval? (Hint: 1.96)

    • 4.35, 5.65

    • 1.08, 8.92

    • 6.35, 7.65

    • 3.08, 10.92

    Correct Answer
    A. 6.35, 7.65
    Explanation
    Lower/Upper Limits: M -/+ (1.96)(σm) = 7 -/+ (1.96)(.33) = 6.35, 7.65

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  • 10. 

    Statistical Power is:

    • The probability that the study will give a significant result if the research hypothesis is false

    • The probability that the study will give a significant result if the research hypothesis is true

    • How powerful a study's effect size is

    • The probability of making a Type I Error

    Correct Answer
    A. The probability that the study will give a significant result if the research hypothesis is true
    Explanation
    See p. 187

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  • 11. 

    A researcher believes that by taking vitamins, people will increase the speed at which they read. He tests this hypothesis by timing multiple individuals who have taken vitamins as they read a book. Is this a one-tailed or two-tailed test?

    • A two-tailed test, because he wants to see if they increase reading speed and lower their time to read a book

    • A one-tailed test in the positive end, because he wants to see if people increase their words per minute reading speed

    • A one-tailed test in the negative end, because he wants to see if people take less time to read their book

    • It can be either.

    Correct Answer
    A. A one-tailed test in the negative end, because he wants to see if people take less time to read their book
    Explanation
    Since he is studying the test by timing people, he is expecting that people who take vitamins will take less time to read than people who don't take vitamins. Therefore, we are actually looking at a one tailed test in the negative direction.

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  • 12. 

    When the population mean is unknown, the best estimate of the population mean is ______________

    • The Mean of the Distribution of Means

    • The Standard Error

    • The Sample Mean

    • The Median

    Correct Answer
    A. The Sample Mean
    Explanation
    The sample mean is the best estimate of the population mean when the population mean is unknown; however, if the population mean IS unknown, we create a Confidence Interval to estimate between what values the true population mean could be.

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  • May 17, 2023
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  • Feb 23, 2010
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