Chapter 21 Ethical, Legal and Political Concerns

Beneficence is the correct answer because it refers to the promotion of good and is one of the basic principles of ethics. This principle emphasizes the importance of taking actions that benefit others and contribute to their well-being. It involves acts of kindness, compassion, and charity, with the intention of promoting positive outcomes and improving the lives of others. Beneficence is an essential ethical principle that guides individuals and organizations in making decisions and actions that prioritize the welfare and happiness of others.

Confidentiality is an individual's right to privacy. It refers to the protection of sensitive information shared by an individual with a trusted party, ensuring that it is kept private and not disclosed to unauthorized individuals. This principle is essential in maintaining trust and fostering open communication between individuals and organizations. By respecting confidentiality, individuals can feel secure in sharing personal and sensitive information, knowing that it will be handled with discretion and professionalism.

Respect for others acknowledges the right of a person to make decisions and live or die by those decisions. It goes beyond autonomy by incorporating the concept of autonomy into it. It is considered one of the basic principles of ethics and is seen as the highest ethical principle as it encompasses the concepts found in all other basic principles of ethics. This principle emphasizes the importance of treating others with dignity, valuing their autonomy, and respecting their choices.

A tort is a legal wrong committed against a person or property. It refers to a civil case that is settled in court, where the victim seeks compensation for the harm or injury caused. In a tort case, the plaintiff must prove that the defendant's actions or negligence directly caused the harm, and if successful, they may be awarded compensatory damages to cover medical expenses, lost wages, or pain and suffering. Unlike criminal cases, tort cases focus on resolving disputes between individuals rather than punishing the wrongdoer.

The statement suggests that the standard of care serves as a benchmark for competent practice. It implies that healthcare professionals are expected to adhere to these standards to ensure that they provide quality and competent care to their patients. This aligns with the general understanding that standard of care is a set of guidelines or protocols that healthcare professionals should follow to ensure patient safety and well-being.

Battery involves physically touching a person without their consent, which is considered a physical violation. It is a legal term used to describe the intentional harmful or offensive touching of another person. The word "battery" starts with the letter "B".

Veracity is the correct answer because it refers to the practice of telling the truth. It is one of the basic principles of ethics, emphasizing the importance of honesty and truthfulness in all aspects of life. Veracity involves being truthful in communication, maintaining integrity, and being transparent in one's actions and intentions. Upholding veracity promotes trust, credibility, and ethical behavior in personal and professional relationships.

Ethics is indeed the branch of philosophy that explores moral values and actions. It involves examining and understanding principles and rules that determine what is considered right or wrong, as well as good or bad behavior. Therefore, the statement "Ethics is the branch of philosophy that is related to moral values and actions. It deals with rules or principles and right from wrong, good/bad behavior" is true.

Autonomy refers to the freedom and ability to make choices and decisions independently. It is one of the basic principles of ethics as it emphasizes the importance of respecting an individual's right to self-determination and personal autonomy. Autonomy allows individuals to act according to their own values, beliefs, and desires, and plays a crucial role in promoting individual rights and well-being.

Nonmaleficence is the correct answer because it refers to the principle of not causing harm to others. This principle is one of the basic foundations of ethics, emphasizing the importance of avoiding actions that could potentially harm or cause suffering to individuals. By invoking the obligation not to harm others, nonmaleficence promotes the idea of prioritizing the well-being and safety of others, making it an essential principle in ethical decision-making and behavior.

Duty is owed to a client by a nurse, meaning that the nurse has a responsibility to provide a certain standard of care to the client. If the nurse fails to meet this standard of care, they may be in violation of the duty element in liability for negligence. This means that the nurse may be held accountable for any harm or damages caused to the client as a result of their failure to meet the expected standard of care.

Justice is the correct answer because it refers to the fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment of individuals. It is one of the basic principles of ethics that ensures everyone is treated fairly and impartially, regardless of their background or circumstances. Justice promotes equality and fairness in society, and it is essential for maintaining a just and ethical environment.

Fidelity is the correct answer because it refers to faithfulness and loyalty towards another person's cause. It is one of the basic principles of ethics as it involves being trustworthy and committed to someone or something. Adultery refers to being unfaithful in a romantic relationship, veracity refers to truthfulness, and infidelity refers to being unfaithful in general.

The correct answer is "assault." Assault refers to an act of physical or verbal attack on someone, which can cause harm or create a sense of fear and insecurity. It is a violation of a person's mental security and can affect both the victim and any witnesses. The variations in capitalization and spelling do not change the meaning of the word.

Values make up a set of personal beliefs and attitudes about truth, beauty, justice, and the worth of any thought, object, or behavior. They are deeply held principles that guide individuals' actions and decisions. Values can vary greatly among individuals and cultures, shaping their perspectives and priorities in life. They serve as a moral compass, influencing behavior and shaping one's character.

Breach of duty refers to the failure to fulfill a legal obligation or duty that one owes to another party. In this context, when there is a breach of duty, it means that there has been a deviation from the established standard of care or conduct. This deviation can lead to liability in various situations, such as negligence or breach of contract. Therefore, breach of duty is the correct answer as it encompasses the concept of deviation from the standard being established.

The correct answer is "INJURY". In the context of liability negligence, injury refers to the harm caused to a person's physical, financial, or emotional well-being. It is an essential element in establishing liability, as it demonstrates the negative impact suffered by the individual. Whether it is a physical injury resulting from an accident or emotional distress caused by someone's actions, injury plays a crucial role in determining liability and the extent of compensation that may be awarded.

Deontology is a theory of moral or professional obligation that emphasizes the importance of following ethical principles and rules, regardless of the consequences. It suggests that the morality of an ethical decision is determined by the adherence to certain duties and obligations, rather than the outcome or consequences of the action. This means that even if an action leads to negative consequences, it can still be considered morally right if it adheres to the prescribed rules and principles.

Accreditation is the process of recognizing and verifying that an individual or organization has met specific criteria or standards. It involves a thorough evaluation of the entity's performance, quality, and adherence to established guidelines. Accreditation is typically granted by a recognized accrediting body or agency, and it serves as a validation of the entity's competence and credibility. This recognition is important as it provides assurance to stakeholders and the public that the entity has demonstrated compliance with the established criteria.

Certification refers to the judgment of competency by practicing nurses in specialty practice. It is a process where nurses meet specific criteria set by a professional organization to demonstrate their knowledge, skills, and abilities in a specialized area of nursing. This certification validates the nurse's expertise and ensures that they have met the required standards to provide safe and competent care in their specialty. Licensure, on the other hand, refers to the legal permission granted by a regulatory body to practice nursing in a specific jurisdiction.

Teleology is an ethical theory that justifies actions based on the results attained by those actions. This theory focuses on the consequences or outcomes of an action rather than the inherent moral value of the action itself. It suggests that the morality of an action is determined by the end goal or purpose it achieves. In other words, if the results of an action are considered good or beneficial, then the action is considered morally right.

Credentialing is the process of recognizing an individual's competence and expertise through various means such as specialty knowledge, education, registration, certification, licensure, and accreditation. It involves assessing and verifying an individual's qualifications and skills to ensure they meet the required standards set by a professional organization or regulatory body. Credentialing is a comprehensive process that goes beyond just certification or licensure, as it encompasses a broader range of credentials and qualifications.

Licensure is the process by which a government agency grants permission to an individual to practice a certain profession or occupation. It ensures that the individual has met the minimum standards and possesses the necessary knowledge and skills to practice safely and competently. Licensure is an indication of the minimum degree of competency required to provide services in a particular field, and it helps protect the public by ensuring that practitioners meet certain standards of practice.

A crime is a legal wrong committed against a person or property that involves a wide range of wrongdoing. Crimes can include actions such as theft, assault, fraud, and many others. This is different from a tort, which is a civil wrong that typically involves harm caused to another person or their property. Negligence, on the other hand, refers to a failure to exercise reasonable care, which can lead to harm or injury to others. In this context, the answer "crime" best fits the description provided.

Causation is a direct cause for failure to meet the standard of care clearly established. This means that if there is a causal link between an action or omission and the failure to meet the established standard of care, it can be considered as the reason for the failure. In other words, causation refers to the direct relationship between an act and its consequences, and if this relationship is proven, it can be seen as the cause for the failure to meet the standard of care.

The correct answer is "standard of best interest". This principle of ethics refers to the duty of healthcare professionals to act in the best interest of their clients when making decisions about their healthcare. It involves considering the client's preferences, values, and overall well-being to ensure that the chosen course of action promotes their health and welfare. The standard of best interest helps guide healthcare professionals in providing patient-centered care and respecting the autonomy and dignity of their clients.

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