Chapter 20 - The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
The human heart is very complex and contrary to popular belief, it doesn’t not actually require a body to beat it has its own electric impulse. When we give rest to our body, It takes almost six second for the blood to flow from the heart to the lungs and Back. The quiz below is based on chapter 20 on the cardio vascular system. Give it a shot and see just how much you understood.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The chamber of the heart with the thickest myocardium is the ________.
- A.
Right atrium
- B.
Left atrium
- C.
Right ventricle
- D.
Left ventricle
Correct Answer
D. Left ventricleExplanation
The left ventricle is the chamber of the heart with the thickest myocardium. This is because it is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body, so it needs more muscle mass to generate enough force to push the blood out of the heart and into the systemic circulation. The left ventricle has a thicker myocardium compared to the other chambers of the heart to ensure efficient and powerful contraction, allowing it to pump blood effectively throughout the body.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The phase of heart contraction is called _______ and the phase of relaxation is called _____.
- A.
Diastole, systole
- B.
Systole, diastole
Correct Answer
B. Systole, diastoleExplanation
During the phase of systole, the heart contracts and pumps blood out into the arteries. This is the phase when the heart muscle contracts and the chambers of the heart squeeze, pushing blood out. On the other hand, during diastole, the heart relaxes and fills with blood. This is the phase when the heart muscle relaxes and the chambers of the heart expand, allowing blood to flow into the heart.Rate this question:
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- 3.
In auscultation, the lubb represents closing of the semilunar valves and the dubb represents closing of the atrioventricular valves.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because in auscultation, the "lubb" sound actually represents the closing of the atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid valves), while the "dubb" sound represents the closing of the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary valves).Rate this question:
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- 4.
The Frank-Starling law of the the heart equalizes the output of the right and left ventricles and keeps the same volume of blood flowing to both the systemic and pulmonary circulation.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The explanation for the given answer is that the Frank-Starling law of the heart states that the more the cardiac muscle fibers are stretched during diastole, the more forcefully they contract during systole. This law ensures that the output of the right and left ventricles is equal, maintaining a balance in the volume of blood flowing to both the systemic and pulmonary circulation. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following is the correct route of blood through the heart from the systemic circulation to the pulmonary circulation and back to the systemic circulation?
- A.
Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve
- B.
Left atrium, tricuspid valve, left ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, right atrium, mitral valve, right ventricle, aortic semilunar valve
- C.
Left atrium, pulmonary semilunar valve, right atrium, tricuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, right ventricle, mitral valve
- D.
Left ventricle, mitral valve, left atrium, pulmonary semilunar valve, right ventricle, tricuspid valve, right atrium, aortic semilunar valve
- E.
Right atrium, mitral valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, left atrium, tricuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve
Correct Answer
A. Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valveExplanation
The correct route of blood through the heart from the systemic circulation to the pulmonary circulation and back to the systemic circulation is as follows: right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following represents the correct pathway for conduction of an action potential through the heart?
- A.
AV node, AV bundle, SA node, Purkinje fibers, bundle branches
- B.
AV node, bundle branches, AV bundle, SA node, Purkinje fibers
- C.
SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
- D.
SA node, AV bundle, bundle branches, AV node, Purkinje fibers
- E.
SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers, bundle branches, AV bundle
Correct Answer
C. SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibersExplanation
The correct pathway for conduction of an action potential through the heart starts with the SA node, which is the natural pacemaker of the heart. The action potential then travels to the AV node, which delays the electrical impulse to allow for proper ventricular filling. From the AV node, the action potential is conducted through the AV bundle (also known as the bundle of His) and then to the bundle branches. Finally, the action potential spreads through the Purkinje fibers, which distribute the electrical signal throughout the ventricles, causing them to contract and pump blood.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The external boundary between the atria and ventricles is the _____________.
- A.
Anterior interventricular sulcus.
- B.
Interventricular septum
- C.
Interatrial septum.
- D.
Coronary sulcus.
- E.
Posterior interventricular sulcus
Correct Answer
D. Coronary sulcus.Explanation
The external boundary between the atria and ventricles is known as the coronary sulcus. This sulcus is a groove that encircles the heart and separates the atria from the ventricles. It contains the coronary arteries and other blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. The other options mentioned in the question, such as the anterior interventricular sulcus, interventricular septum, interatrial septum, and posterior interventricular sulcus, are all structures within the heart but do not specifically define the external boundary between the atria and ventricles.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A softball player is found to have a resting cardiac output of 5.0 liters per minute and a heart rate of 50 beats per minute. What is her stroke volume?
- A.
10 mL
- B.
100 mL
- C.
1000 mL
- D.
250 mL
- E.
The information given is insufficient to calculate stroke volume.
Correct Answer
B. 100 mLExplanation
The stroke volume is calculated by dividing the cardiac output by the heart rate. In this case, the cardiac output is given as 5.0 liters per minute and the heart rate is given as 50 beats per minute. Dividing the cardiac output (5.0 liters) by the heart rate (50 beats) gives us a stroke volume of 0.1 liters, which is equal to 100 mL.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following are true? (1) ANS regulation of heart rate originates in the cardiovascular center of the medulla oblongata. (2) Proprioceptor input is a major stimulus that accounts for the rapid rise in heart rate at the onset of physical activity. (3) The vagus nerve releases norepinephrine, causing the heart rate to increase. (4) Hormones from the adrenal medulla and the thyroid gland can increase the heart rate. (5) Hypothermia increases the heart rate.
- A.
1, 2, 3, 4
- B.
1, 2, 4
- C.
2, 3, 4, 5
- D.
3, 5
- E.
1, 2, 4, 5
Correct Answer
B. 1, 2, 4Explanation
The explanation for the correct answer (1, 2, 4) is as follows:
(1) ANS regulation of heart rate originates in the cardiovascular center of the medulla oblongata. This is true because the autonomic nervous system (ANS) controls heart rate, and the cardiovascular center in the medulla oblongata is responsible for regulating ANS activity.
(2) Proprioceptor input is a major stimulus that accounts for the rapid rise in heart rate at the onset of physical activity. This is true because proprioceptors, which are sensory receptors in muscles and joints, provide feedback to the cardiovascular center in response to physical activity, leading to an increase in heart rate.
(4) Hormones from the adrenal medulla and the thyroid gland can increase the heart rate. This is true because hormones such as epinephrine and thyroid hormones can have a stimulatory effect on the heart, leading to an increase in heart rate.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following are true concerning action potentials and contraction in the myocardium? (1) The refractory period in a cardiac muscle fiber is very brief. (2) The binding of Ca2 to troponin allows the interaction of actin and myosin filaments, resulting in contraction. (3) Repolarization occurs when the voltage-gated K+ channels open and calcium channels are closing. (4) Opening of voltage-gated fast Na+ channels results in depolarization. (5) Opening of voltage-gated slow Ca2 channels results in a period of maintained depolarization, known as the plateau.
- A.
1, 3, 5
- B.
2, 3, 4
- C.
2, 5
- D.
3, 4, 5
- E.
2, 3, 4, 5
Correct Answer
E. 2, 3, 4, 5Explanation
The refractory period in a cardiac muscle fiber is very brief, allowing for rapid contraction and relaxation of the myocardium. The binding of Ca2 to troponin allows the interaction of actin and myosin filaments, resulting in contraction. Repolarization occurs when the voltage-gated K+ channels open and calcium channels are closing. Opening of voltage-gated fast Na+ channels results in depolarization, while opening of voltage-gated slow Ca2+ channels results in a period of maintained depolarization, known as the plateau. Therefore, options 2, 3, 4, and 5 are all true statements concerning action potentials and contraction in the myocardium.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following would not increase stroke volume?
- A.
Increased Ca2+ in the interstitial fluid
- B.
Epinephrine
- C.
Increased K+ in the interstitial fluid
- D.
Increase in venous return
- E.
Slow resting heart rate
Correct Answer
C. Increased K+ in the interstitial fluidExplanation
Increased K+ in the interstitial fluid would not increase stroke volume. Stroke volume refers to the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction. Increased Ca2+ in the interstitial fluid, epinephrine, increase in venous return, and slow resting heart rate can all increase stroke volume by affecting the contractility of the heart or the amount of blood returned to the heart. However, increased K+ in the interstitial fluid does not have a direct effect on stroke volume.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Indicates ventricular repolarization. Enter 1-6 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) P wave; (2) QRS complex; (3) T wave; (4) P-Q interval; (5) S-T segment; (6) Q-T interval
Correct Answer
3Explanation
The T wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) indicates ventricular repolarization. Ventricular repolarization is the process by which the ventricles of the heart recover and prepare for the next heartbeat. This is represented by the T wave on the ECG, which shows the electrical activity as the ventricles relax and reset their electrical potential. Therefore, option 3, T wave, is the correct answer.Rate this question:
- 13.
Represents the time from the beginning of ventricular depolarization to the end of ventricular repolarization.Enter 1-6 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) P wave; (2) QRS complex; (3) T wave; (4) P-Q interval; (5) S-T segment; (6) Q-T interval
Correct Answer
6Explanation
The Q-T interval represents the time from the beginning of ventricular depolarization to the end of ventricular repolarization.Rate this question:
- 14.
Represents atrial depolarization.Enter 1-6 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) P wave; (2) QRS complex; (3) T wave; (4) P-Q interval; (5) S-T segment; (6) Q-T interval
Correct Answer
1Explanation
The correct answer is 1. The P wave represents atrial depolarization. Atrial depolarization is the electrical activation of the atria, which leads to the contraction of the atrial muscles. The P wave is seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG) as a small upward deflection and represents the depolarization of the atria. This is followed by the QRS complex, which represents ventricular depolarization, and the T wave, which represents ventricular repolarization. The P-Q interval, S-T segment, and Q-T interval are measurements of time intervals on the ECG.Rate this question:
- 15.
Represents the time when the ventricular contractile fibers are fully depolarized; occurs during the plateau phase of the action potential.Enter 1-6 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) P wave; (2) QRS complex; (3) T wave; (4) P-Q interval; (5) S-T segment; (6) Q-T interval
Correct Answer
5Explanation
The correct answer is 5. The ST segment represents the time when the ventricular contractile fibers are fully depolarized. This occurs during the plateau phase of the action potential.Rate this question:
- 16.
Represents the onset of ventricular depolarization.Enter 1-6 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) P wave; (2) QRS complex; (3) T wave; (4) P-Q interval; (5) S-T segment; (6) Q-T interval
Correct Answer
2Explanation
The correct answer is 2, QRS complex. The QRS complex represents the onset of ventricular depolarization. During this phase, the electrical impulses cause the ventricles to contract and pump blood out of the heart. The QRS complex is a series of three waves - Q, R, and S - that reflect the electrical activity in the ventricles.Rate this question:
- 17.
Represents the conduction time from the beginning of atrial excitation to the beginning of ventricular excitation.Enter 1-6 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) P wave; (2) QRS complex; (3) T wave; (4) P-Q interval; (5) S-T segment; (6) Q-T interval
Correct Answer
4Explanation
The P-Q interval represents the conduction time from the beginning of atrial excitation to the beginning of ventricular excitation.Rate this question:
- 18.
Collects oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circulation.Enter 1-22 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) right atrium; (2) right ventricle; (3) left atrium; (4) left ventricle; (5) tricuspid valve; (6) bicuspid (mitral) valve; (7) chordae tendinae; (8) auricles; (9) papillary muscles; (10) trabeculae carnae; (11) fibrous pericardium; (12) parietal pericardium; (13) epicardium; (14) myocardium; (15) endocardium; (16) atrioventricular valves; (17) semilunar valves; (18) intercalcalated discs; (19) sulci; (20) septum; (21) fossa ovalis; (22) coronary circulation
Correct Answer
3Explanation
The correct answer is 3, left atrium. The left atrium collects oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circulation.Rate this question:
- 19.
Pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs for oxygenation.Enter 1-22 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) right atrium; (2) right ventricle; (3) left atrium; (4) left ventricle; (5) tricuspid valve; (6) bicuspid (mitral) valve; (7) chordae tendinae; (8) auricles; (9) papillary muscles; (10) trabeculae carnae; (11) fibrous pericardium; (12) parietal pericardium; (13) epicardium; (14) myocardium; (15) endocardium; (16) atrioventricular valves; (17) semilunar valves; (18) intercalcalated discs; (19) sulci; (20) septum; (21) fossa ovalis; (22) coronary circulation
Correct Answer
2Explanation
The correct answer is 2 - right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.Rate this question:
- 20.
Their contraction pulls on & tightens the chordae tendineae, preventing the valve cusps from everting.Enter 1-22 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) right atrium; (2) right ventricle; (3) left atrium; (4) left ventricle; (5) tricuspid valve; (6) bicuspid (mitral) valve; (7) chordae tendinae; (8) auricles; (9) papillary muscles; (10) trabeculae carnae; (11) fibrous pericardium; (12) parietal pericardium; (13) epicardium; (14) myocardium; (15) endocardium; (16) atrioventricular valves; (17) semilunar valves; (18) intercalcalated discs; (19) sulci; (20) septum; (21) fossa ovalis; (22) coronary circulation
Correct Answer
9Explanation
The papillary muscles are responsible for contracting and pulling on the chordae tendineae. This action helps to tighten the chordae tendineae, which in turn prevents the valve cusps from everting.Rate this question:
- 21.
Cardiac muscle tissue.Enter 1-22 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) right atrium; (2) right ventricle; (3) left atrium; (4) left ventricle; (5) tricuspid valve; (6) bicuspid (mitral) valve; (7) chordae tendinae; (8) auricles; (9) papillary muscles; (10) trabeculae carnae; (11) fibrous pericardium; (12) parietal pericardium; (13) epicardium; (14) myocardium; (15) endocardium; (16) atrioventricular valves; (17) semilunar valves; (18) intercalcalated discs; (19) sulci; (20) septum; (21) fossa ovalis; (22) coronary circulation
Correct Answer
14Explanation
The correct answer is 14. The myocardium is the middle layer of the heart wall and is composed of cardiac muscle tissue. It is responsible for the contraction of the heart, which pumps blood throughout the body.Rate this question:
- 22.
Increase blood-holding capacity of the atria.Enter 1-22 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) right atrium; (2) right ventricle; (3) left atrium; (4) left ventricle; (5) tricuspid valve; (6) bicuspid (mitral) valve; (7) chordae tendinae; (8) auricles; (9) papillary muscles; (10) trabeculae carnae; (11) fibrous pericardium; (12) parietal pericardium; (13) epicardium; (14) myocardium; (15) endocardium; (16) atrioventricular valves; (17) semilunar valves; (18) intercalcalated discs; (19) sulci; (20) septum; (21) fossa ovalis; (22) coronary circulation
Correct Answer
8Explanation
The auricles are structures located on the top of the atria that increase their blood-holding capacity. They are like small pouches that expand to accommodate more blood when needed. This allows the atria to store more blood before it is pumped into the ventricles, increasing the efficiency of the heart's pumping action.Rate this question:
- 23.
Tendon-like cords connected to the atrioventricular valve cusps which, along with the papillary muscles, prevent valve eversion.Enter 1-22 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) right atrium; (2) right ventricle; (3) left atrium; (4) left ventricle; (5) tricuspid valve; (6) bicuspid (mitral) valve; (7) chordae tendinae; (8) auricles; (9) papillary muscles; (10) trabeculae carnae; (11) fibrous pericardium; (12) parietal pericardium; (13) epicardium; (14) myocardium; (15) endocardium; (16) atrioventricular valves; (17) semilunar valves; (18) intercalcalated discs; (19) sulci; (20) septum; (21) fossa ovalis; (22) coronary circulation
Correct Answer
7Explanation
The tendon-like cords connected to the atrioventricular valve cusps are known as chordae tendinae. These cords, along with the papillary muscles, play a crucial role in preventing the eversion (or flipping inside out) of the atrioventricular valves. Eversion of the valves would lead to the backflow of blood and compromise the efficiency of the heart's pumping action. Therefore, the chordae tendinae are essential for maintaining the proper functioning of the heart's valves.Rate this question:
- 24.
The superficial dense irregular connective tissue covering the heart.Enter 1-22 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) right atrium; (2) right ventricle; (3) left atrium; (4) left ventricle; (5) tricuspid valve; (6) bicuspid (mitral) valve; (7) chordae tendinae; (8) auricles; (9) papillary muscles; (10) trabeculae carnae; (11) fibrous pericardium; (12) parietal pericardium; (13) epicardium; (14) myocardium; (15) endocardium; (16) atrioventricular valves; (17) semilunar valves; (18) intercalcalated discs; (19) sulci; (20) septum; (21) fossa ovalis; (22) coronary circulation
Correct Answer
11Explanation
The correct answer is 11. The fibrous pericardium is a tough, fibrous connective tissue that surrounds and protects the heart. It helps to anchor the heart in place and prevents overstretching of the heart chambers. It also acts as a barrier, preventing the spread of infection or inflammation from surrounding structures to the heart.Rate this question:
- 25.
Outer layer of the serous pericardium; is fused to the fibrous pericardium.Enter 1-22 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) right atrium; (2) right ventricle; (3) left atrium; (4) left ventricle; (5) tricuspid valve; (6) bicuspid (mitral) valve; (7) chordae tendinae; (8) auricles; (9) papillary muscles; (10) trabeculae carnae; (11) fibrous pericardium; (12) parietal pericardium; (13) epicardium; (14) myocardium; (15) endocardium; (16) atrioventricular valves; (17) semilunar valves; (18) intercalcalated discs; (19) sulci; (20) septum; (21) fossa ovalis; (22) coronary circulation
Correct Answer
12Explanation
The correct answer is 12. The explanation for this answer is that the parietal pericardium is the outer layer of the serous pericardium and it is fused to the fibrous pericardium. The fibrous pericardium is a tough, fibrous sac that surrounds and protects the heart. The serous pericardium is a double-layered membrane that covers the heart and helps reduce friction as the heart beats. The parietal pericardium is the outer layer of the serous pericardium, while the visceral pericardium is the inner layer.Rate this question:
- 26.
Endothelial cells lining the interior of the heart; are continuous with the endothelium of blood vessels.Enter 1-22 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) right atrium; (2) right ventricle; (3) left atrium; (4) left ventricle; (5) tricuspid valve; (6) bicuspid (mitral) valve; (7) chordae tendinae; (8) auricles; (9) papillary muscles; (10) trabeculae carnae; (11) fibrous pericardium; (12) parietal pericardium; (13) epicardium; (14) myocardium; (15) endocardium; (16) atrioventricular valves; (17) semilunar valves; (18) intercalcalated discs; (19) sulci; (20) septum; (21) fossa ovalis; (22) coronary circulation
Correct Answer
15Explanation
Endothelial cells lining the interior of the heart are continuous with the endothelium of blood vessels. The endocardium refers to the innermost layer of the heart, composed of endothelial cells. Therefore, the correct answer is 15, which corresponds to the endocardium.Rate this question:
- 27.
Pumps oxygenated blood to all body cells, except the air sacs of the lungs.Enter 1-22 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) right atrium; (2) right ventricle; (3) left atrium; (4) left ventricle; (5) tricuspid valve; (6) bicuspid (mitral) valve; (7) chordae tendinae; (8) auricles; (9) papillary muscles; (10) trabeculae carnae; (11) fibrous pericardium; (12) parietal pericardium; (13) epicardium; (14) myocardium; (15) endocardium; (16) atrioventricular valves; (17) semilunar valves; (18) intercalcalated discs; (19) sulci; (20) septum; (21) fossa ovalis; (22) coronary circulation
Correct Answer
4Explanation
The correct answer is 4, left ventricle. The left ventricle is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to all body cells, except the air sacs of the lungs.Rate this question:
- 28.
Prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium.Enter 1-22 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) right atrium; (2) right ventricle; (3) left atrium; (4) left ventricle; (5) tricuspid valve; (6) bicuspid (mitral) valve; (7) chordae tendinae; (8) auricles; (9) papillary muscles; (10) trabeculae carnae; (11) fibrous pericardium; (12) parietal pericardium; (13) epicardium; (14) myocardium; (15) endocardium; (16) atrioventricular valves; (17) semilunar valves; (18) intercalcalated discs; (19) sulci; (20) septum; (21) fossa ovalis; (22) coronary circulation
Correct Answer
5Explanation
The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. Its main function is to prevent the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium. When the right ventricle contracts, the tricuspid valve closes, preventing blood from flowing back into the right atrium. This ensures that blood only flows in one direction, from the right atrium to the right ventricle, allowing for efficient circulation of blood through the heart and the rest of the body.Rate this question:
- 29.
Collects deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation.Enter 1-22 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) right atrium; (2) right ventricle; (3) left atrium; (4) left ventricle; (5) tricuspid valve; (6) bicuspid (mitral) valve; (7) chordae tendinae; (8) auricles; (9) papillary muscles; (10) trabeculae carnae; (11) fibrous pericardium; (12) parietal pericardium; (13) epicardium; (14) myocardium; (15) endocardium; (16) atrioventricular valves; (17) semilunar valves; (18) intercalcalated discs; (19) sulci; (20) septum; (21) fossa ovalis; (22) coronary circulation
Correct Answer
1Explanation
The right atrium collects deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation.Rate this question:
- 30.
Left atrioventricular valve.Enter 1-22 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) right atrium; (2) right ventricle; (3) left atrium; (4) left ventricle; (5) tricuspid valve; (6) bicuspid (mitral) valve; (7) chordae tendinae; (8) auricles; (9) papillary muscles; (10) trabeculae carnae; (11) fibrous pericardium; (12) parietal pericardium; (13) epicardium; (14) myocardium; (15) endocardium; (16) atrioventricular valves; (17) semilunar valves; (18) intercalcalated discs; (19) sulci; (20) septum; (21) fossa ovalis; (22) coronary circulation
Correct Answer
6Explanation
The correct answer is 6, bicuspid (mitral) valve. The bicuspid valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. It consists of two cusps that open and close to regulate the flow of blood from the atrium to the ventricle.Rate this question:
- 31.
The remnant of the foramen ovale, an opening in the interatrial septum of the fetal heart.Enter 1-22 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) right atrium; (2) right ventricle; (3) left atrium; (4) left ventricle; (5) tricuspid valve; (6) bicuspid (mitral) valve; (7) chordae tendinae; (8) auricles; (9) papillary muscles; (10) trabeculae carnae; (11) fibrous pericardium; (12) parietal pericardium; (13) epicardium; (14) myocardium; (15) endocardium; (16) atrioventricular valves; (17) semilunar valves; (18) intercalcalated discs; (19) sulci; (20) septum; (21) fossa ovalis; (22) coronary circulation
Correct Answer
21Explanation
The remnant of the foramen ovale is the fossa ovalis, which is located in the interatrial septum of the heart. It is a small depression that marks the site where the foramen ovale closed after birth. The foramen ovale is a hole that allows blood to bypass the lungs in the fetal circulation. After birth, when the lungs take over oxygenation, the foramen ovale closes and becomes the fossa ovalis. Therefore, the correct answer is 21.Rate this question:
- 32.
Blood vessels that pierce the heart muscle and supply blood to the cardiac muscle fibers.Enter 1-22 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) right atrium; (2) right ventricle; (3) left atrium; (4) left ventricle; (5) tricuspid valve; (6) bicuspid (mitral) valve; (7) chordae tendinae; (8) auricles; (9) papillary muscles; (10) trabeculae carnae; (11) fibrous pericardium; (12) parietal pericardium; (13) epicardium; (14) myocardium; (15) endocardium; (16) atrioventricular valves; (17) semilunar valves; (18) intercalcalated discs; (19) sulci; (20) septum; (21) fossa ovalis; (22) coronary circulation
Correct Answer
22Explanation
The blood vessels that pierce the heart muscle and supply blood to the cardiac muscle fibers are part of the coronary circulation. The coronary circulation is responsible for delivering oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself. This is important because the heart muscle needs a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients to function properly. Without the coronary circulation, the heart muscle would not receive the necessary blood supply and could become damaged or fail.Rate this question:
- 33.
Grooves on the surface of the heart which delineate the external boundaries between the chambers.Enter 1-22 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) right atrium; (2) right ventricle; (3) left atrium; (4) left ventricle; (5) tricuspid valve; (6) bicuspid (mitral) valve; (7) chordae tendinae; (8) auricles; (9) papillary muscles; (10) trabeculae carnae; (11) fibrous pericardium; (12) parietal pericardium; (13) epicardium; (14) myocardium; (15) endocardium; (16) atrioventricular valves; (17) semilunar valves; (18) intercalcalated discs; (19) sulci; (20) septum; (21) fossa ovalis; (22) coronary circulation
Correct Answer
19Explanation
The grooves on the surface of the heart that delineate the external boundaries between the chambers are called sulci.Rate this question:
- 34.
Prevent backflow of blood from the arteries into the ventricles.Enter 1-22 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) right atrium; (2) right ventricle; (3) left atrium; (4) left ventricle; (5) tricuspid valve; (6) bicuspid (mitral) valve; (7) chordae tendinae; (8) auricles; (9) papillary muscles; (10) trabeculae carnae; (11) fibrous pericardium; (12) parietal pericardium; (13) epicardium; (14) myocardium; (15) endocardium; (16) atrioventricular valves; (17) semilunar valves; (18) intercalcalated discs; (19) sulci; (20) septum; (21) fossa ovalis; (22) coronary circulation
Correct Answer
17Explanation
The correct answer is 17 - semilunar valves. Semilunar valves are located between the ventricles and the arteries (pulmonary artery and aorta). They prevent the backflow of blood from the arteries into the ventricles by closing when the ventricles relax and preventing blood from flowing back into the ventricles.Rate this question:
- 35.
The gap junction and desmosome connections between individual cardiac muscle fibers.Enter 1-22 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) right atrium; (2) right ventricle; (3) left atrium; (4) left ventricle; (5) tricuspid valve; (6) bicuspid (mitral) valve; (7) chordae tendinae; (8) auricles; (9) papillary muscles; (10) trabeculae carnae; (11) fibrous pericardium; (12) parietal pericardium; (13) epicardium; (14) myocardium; (15) endocardium; (16) atrioventricular valves; (17) semilunar valves; (18) intercalcalated discs; (19) sulci; (20) septum; (21) fossa ovalis; (22) coronary circulation
Correct Answer
18Explanation
Intercalated discs are specialized connections found between individual cardiac muscle fibers. These discs contain gap junctions and desmosomes, which allow for the rapid transmission of electrical signals and mechanical coupling between the muscle fibers. Therefore, the correct answer is 18.Rate this question:
- 36.
Internal wall dividing the chambers of the heart.Enter 1-22 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) right atrium; (2) right ventricle; (3) left atrium; (4) left ventricle; (5) tricuspid valve; (6) bicuspid (mitral) valve; (7) chordae tendinae; (8) auricles; (9) papillary muscles; (10) trabeculae carnae; (11) fibrous pericardium; (12) parietal pericardium; (13) epicardium; (14) myocardium; (15) endocardium; (16) atrioventricular valves; (17) semilunar valves; (18) intercalcalated discs; (19) sulci; (20) septum; (21) fossa ovalis; (22) coronary circulation
Correct Answer
20Explanation
The number 20 corresponds to the term "septum" in the given list. The septum is an internal wall that divides the chambers of the heart. It separates the right and left sides of the heart, ensuring that oxygenated and deoxygenated blood do not mix. The septum plays a crucial role in maintaining the efficiency of the heart's pumping action by directing the flow of blood through the appropriate chambers.Rate this question:
- 37.
Separate the upper and lower heart chambers, preventing backflow of blood from the ventricles back into the atria.Enter 1-22 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) right atrium; (2) right ventricle; (3) left atrium; (4) left ventricle; (5) tricuspid valve; (6) bicuspid (mitral) valve; (7) chordae tendinae; (8) auricles; (9) papillary muscles; (10) trabeculae carnae; (11) fibrous pericardium; (12) parietal pericardium; (13) epicardium; (14) myocardium; (15) endocardium; (16) atrioventricular valves; (17) semilunar valves; (18) intercalcalated discs; (19) sulci; (20) septum; (21) fossa ovalis; (22) coronary circulation
Correct Answer
16Explanation
The atrioventricular valves (16) separate the upper and lower heart chambers, preventing backflow of blood from the ventricles back into the atria.Rate this question:
- 38.
Inner visceral layer of the pericardium; adheres tightly to the surface of the heart.Enter 1-22 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) right atrium; (2) right ventricle; (3) left atrium; (4) left ventricle; (5) tricuspid valve; (6) bicuspid (mitral) valve; (7) chordae tendinae; (8) auricles; (9) papillary muscles; (10) trabeculae carnae; (11) fibrous pericardium; (12) parietal pericardium; (13) epicardium; (14) myocardium; (15) endocardium; (16) atrioventricular valves; (17) semilunar valves; (18) intercalcalated discs; (19) sulci; (20) septum; (21) fossa ovalis; (22) coronary circulation
Correct Answer
13Explanation
The inner visceral layer of the pericardium is called the epicardium. It adheres tightly to the surface of the heart and provides a protective covering.Rate this question:
- 39.
Ridges formed by raised bundles of cardiac muscle fibers.Enter 1-22 without spaces/parenthesis. (1) right atrium; (2) right ventricle; (3) left atrium; (4) left ventricle; (5) tricuspid valve; (6) bicuspid (mitral) valve; (7) chordae tendinae; (8) auricles; (9) papillary muscles; (10) trabeculae carnae; (11) fibrous pericardium; (12) parietal pericardium; (13) epicardium; (14) myocardium; (15) endocardium; (16) atrioventricular valves; (17) semilunar valves; (18) intercalcalated discs; (19) sulci; (20) septum; (21) fossa ovalis; (22) coronary circulation
Correct Answer
10Explanation
Trabeculae carnae are ridges formed by raised bundles of cardiac muscle fibers.Rate this question:
- 40.
Amount of blood contained in the ventricles at the end of ventricular relaxation. Enter 1-7 without spaces/parenthesis. For multiple responses, enter #,#. (1) cardiac reserve; (2) stroke volume; (3) end-diastolic volume EDV; (4) isovolumetric relaxation; (5) end-systolic volume ESV; (6) ventricular ejection; (7) isovolumetric contraction
Correct Answer
3Explanation
The correct answer is end-diastolic volume (EDV). EDV refers to the amount of blood that is present in the ventricles at the end of ventricular relaxation, right before the ventricles contract and pump blood out. It is an important measure of the preload, or the amount of blood that fills the ventricles, and is directly related to stroke volume, which is the amount of blood pumped out of the ventricles with each heartbeat.Rate this question:
- 41.
Period of time when cardiac muscle fibers are contracting & exerting force but not shortening.Enter 1-7 without spaces/parenthesis. For multiple responses, enter #,#. (1) cardiac reserve; (2) stroke volume; (3) end-diastolic volume EDV; (4) isovolumetric relaxation; (5) end-systolic volume ESV; (6) ventricular ejection; (7) isovolumetric contraction
Correct Answer
7Explanation
The correct answer is 7. The period of time when cardiac muscle fibers are contracting and exerting force but not shortening is known as isovolumetric contraction. During this phase, the ventricles are contracting and building up pressure, but the valves leading out of the heart are still closed, so no blood is being ejected yet.Rate this question:
- 42.
Amount of blood ejected per beat by each ventricle.Enter 1-7 without spaces/parenthesis. For multiple responses, enter #,#. (1) cardiac reserve; (2) stroke volume; (3) end-diastolic volume EDV; (4) isovolumetric relaxation; (5) end-systolic volume ESV; (6) ventricular ejection; (7) isovolumetric contraction
Correct Answer
2Explanation
Stroke volume refers to the amount of blood ejected by each ventricle per beat. It is the difference between the end-diastolic volume (EDV) and the end-systolic volume (ESV) of the ventricles. Therefore, stroke volume is the correct answer for this question.Rate this question:
- 43.
Amount of blood remaining in the ventricles following ventricular contraction.Enter 1-7 without spaces/parenthesis. For multiple responses, enter #,#. (1) cardiac reserve; (2) stroke volume; (3) end-diastolic volume EDV; (4) isovolumetric relaxation; (5) end-systolic volume ESV; (6) ventricular ejection; (7) isovolumetric contraction
Correct Answer
5Explanation
The correct answer is (5) end-systolic volume (ESV). The end-systolic volume refers to the amount of blood that remains in the ventricles after ventricular contraction. It represents the volume of blood that is not ejected during systole and is an important measure of cardiac function.Rate this question:
- 44.
Difference between a person's maximum cardiac output and cardiac output at rest.Enter 1-7 without spaces/parenthesis. For multiple responses, enter #,#. (1) cardiac reserve; (2) stroke volume; (3) end-diastolic volume EDV; (4) isovolumetric relaxation; (5) end-systolic volume ESV; (6) ventricular ejection; (7) isovolumetric contraction
Correct Answer
1Explanation
The correct answer is cardiac reserve. Cardiac reserve refers to the difference between a person's maximum cardiac output and their cardiac output at rest. It represents the ability of the heart to increase its pumping capacity during times of increased demand, such as during exercise or stress. This is achieved by increasing stroke volume, heart rate, or both. Cardiac reserve is an important measure of cardiovascular health and fitness.Rate this question:
- 45.
Period of time when semilunar valves are open and blood flows out of the ventricles.Enter 1-7 without spaces/parenthesis. For multiple responses, enter #,#. (1) cardiac reserve; (2) stroke volume; (3) end-diastolic volume EDV; (4) isovolumetric relaxation; (5) end-systolic volume ESV; (6) ventricular ejection; (7) isovolumetric contraction
Correct Answer
6Explanation
The correct answer is 6 - ventricular ejection. During ventricular ejection, the semilunar valves are open and blood flows out of the ventricles into the arteries. This occurs after the atria have contracted and the ventricles have filled with blood during the previous phase of the cardiac cycle.Rate this question:
- 46.
Period of time when all four valves are closed and ventricular blood volume does not change.Enter 1-7 without spaces/parenthesis. For multiple responses, enter #,#. (1) cardiac reserve; (2) stroke volume; (3) end-diastolic volume EDV; (4) isovolumetric relaxation; (5) end-systolic volume ESV; (6) ventricular ejection; (7) isovolumetric contraction
Correct Answer
4,7Explanation
During the period of isovolumetric relaxation, all four valves in the heart are closed, and the ventricular blood volume remains constant. This is because the ventricles are relaxed and not actively contracting or ejecting blood. Similarly, during the period of isovolumetric contraction, all four valves are closed, and the ventricular blood volume does not change. This is the initial phase of ventricular contraction, where the pressure inside the ventricles is increasing, but no blood is being ejected yet.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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May 23, 2010Quiz Created by
Larainahailey
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