Chapter 2: How Animals Live

Lizards look like dinosaurs from long ago because they share similar physical characteristics and features. Both lizards and dinosaurs have scaly skin, long tails, and a reptilian appearance. Additionally, some lizard species have similar body structures to certain types of dinosaurs, such as the frilled lizard resembling a small theropod dinosaur. This similarity in appearance can be attributed to the evolutionary lineage and shared ancestry between lizards and dinosaurs.

People are classified as mammals because they possess all the characteristics that define mammals. Mammals are warm-blooded vertebrates that have hair or fur, produce milk to nourish their young, and have specialized teeth. Humans possess all of these characteristics, making them mammals. Therefore, the statement "People are mammals" is true.

A pelican's bill has a pouch that hangs from it, which helps the bird catch fish. The pouch can expand to hold large amounts of fish, allowing the pelican to scoop up fish from the water and store them in its bill. This adaptation is crucial for the pelican's survival as it enables the bird to efficiently catch its primary food source and meet its nutritional needs.

Mammals usually develop inside their mothers because they are viviparous, meaning they give birth to live young. Unlike amphibians, reptiles, and birds which lay eggs, mammals have internal fertilization and the embryo develops inside the mother's womb. This allows for a more protected and controlled environment for the developing offspring, providing them with necessary nutrients and support until they are fully developed and ready to be born.

Many insects undergo a process called metamorphosis, where they go through significant changes in their appearance and behavior as they progress through their life cycle. This includes stages such as egg, larva, pupa, and adult. During each stage, the insect may look completely different and have different habits and abilities. This transformation allows insects to adapt to different environments and fulfill different roles in their ecosystems. Therefore, it is true that many insects change a lot as they go through their life cycle.

Amphibians are a group of animals that include frogs, salamanders, and toads. These animals are characterized by their ability to live both in water and on land. They typically have moist skin, lay eggs, and undergo metamorphosis during their life cycle. Birds, fish, reptiles, sea jellies, earthworms, turtles, lizards, and goldfish do not belong to the group of amphibians.

All animals need water, oxygen, food, and shelter to live. Water is essential for hydration and maintaining bodily functions. Oxygen is necessary for respiration and energy production. Food provides nutrients and energy for growth and survival. Shelter offers protection from predators, extreme weather conditions, and provides a safe place to rest. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above".

Animals with backbones are referred to as vertebrates. This means that they have a spinal column or backbone, which provides support and protection for their nervous system. Vertebrates include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. They typically have more complex body structures and organ systems compared to invertebrates, which do not have a backbone. Predators and prey, on the other hand, are terms used to describe the relationship between animals based on their feeding habits, and are not directly related to the presence or absence of a backbone.

Adaptation refers to the ability of a living thing to adjust to its environment in order to survive. It involves changes in physical characteristics, behavior, or physiological processes that enhance an organism's chances of survival and reproduction. Through adaptation, organisms can better cope with challenges such as finding food, avoiding predators, or withstanding extreme weather conditions. This allows them to thrive in their specific habitats and increases their chances of passing on their genes to the next generation.

Sea jellies, earthworms, and spiders are all invertebrates because they do not possess a backbone or spinal column. Invertebrates make up the majority of animal species on Earth and have a wide range of characteristics and adaptations. Sea jellies, earthworms, and spiders are examples of different types of invertebrates, with sea jellies belonging to the phylum Cnidaria, earthworms belonging to the phylum Annelida, and spiders belonging to the class Arachnida.

A butterfly in the larva stage is commonly known as a caterpillar. This stage is characterized by the caterpillar's long, segmented body and voracious appetite. During this stage, the caterpillar feeds on leaves and grows rapidly, preparing for its transformation into a butterfly. The term "caterpillar" is widely used to describe this specific stage of a butterfly's life cycle.

The correct answer is "all of the above" because animals can be grouped based on where they live, such as land, water, or air habitats. They can also be grouped based on how they look, such as mammals, reptiles, or birds. Additionally, animals can be grouped based on what they do, such as herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores. Therefore, all three options - where they live, how they look, and what they do - are valid ways to group animals.

Insects are not vertebrates. Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone or spinal column, while insects have an exoskeleton and belong to the phylum Arthropoda. They have a hard outer covering called an exoskeleton, segmented bodies, and jointed appendages. Insects are part of the largest group of animals on Earth and are characterized by their six legs and three body segments.

Animals use camouflage for protection. Camouflage allows them to blend in with their surroundings, making it difficult for predators to spot them. This helps them to remain hidden and increases their chances of survival. By using camouflage, animals can avoid being detected and attacked, allowing them to stay safe and secure in their environment.

Body parts, such as webbed feet, are inherited or passed on from parents to offspring. This means that offspring receive these traits from their parents through the process of inheritance. Inherited traits are determined by the genetic information passed down from previous generations and play a crucial role in the development and adaptation of organisms.

There are indeed many more invertebrates in the world than vertebrates. Invertebrates are animals that do not have a backbone, and they make up the vast majority of animal species on Earth. They include insects, spiders, worms, mollusks, and many other groups. Vertebrates, on the other hand, are animals that have a backbone, such as mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. While vertebrates are more commonly known and often larger in size, the sheer number and diversity of invertebrates greatly outnumber them.

When habitats change, only plants and animals that have adapted to the new habitats survive. This is because organisms that are well-suited to the new environmental conditions are more likely to find the necessary resources for survival and reproduction. Those that are not able to adapt may struggle to find food, shelter, or mates, leading to a decrease in their population or even extinction. Therefore, the statement "True" suggests that only the adapted species have a higher chance of survival in changed habitats.

Pieces of amber can hold dead insects in them because amber is fossilized tree resin that can preserve organic material such as insects and plants. When the resin hardens over time, it forms a solid, transparent substance that can trap and encase insects, effectively preserving them for millions of years. This process allows scientists to study ancient ecosystems and gain insights into the biodiversity and evolution of past life forms.

An instinct is a behavior that animals are born with, meaning it is innate and does not need to be learned. It is a natural response or reaction to certain stimuli or situations. Unlike adaptation, which is a characteristic or trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment, instinct refers specifically to behaviors. Inheritation and product are not relevant to the concept of innate animal behaviors.

Migrating and hibernating are two instincts. Instincts are innate behaviors that are genetically programmed and do not need to be learned. Migrating is the instinctive behavior of animals to move from one region to another in response to changes in seasons or resources. Hibernating is the instinctive behavior of animals to enter a state of deep sleep or dormancy during winter months to conserve energy. Both migrating and hibernating are instinctual behaviors that animals possess to ensure their survival and adapt to changing environmental conditions.