This quiz covers topics from Chapters 18 and 19, focusing on colonial trade, societal impacts of the slave trade, and the emergence of consumer society in Europe. It assesses understanding of historical trade dynamics, cultural mestizaje, and political discussions in historical contexts.
Important places to discuss politics and society
Patronized only by aristocrats because coffee was so expensive
Strictly regulated by the government
Slow to catch on in London but were highly popular in smaller towns
Rate this question:
Encouraged many more Europeans to go to the colonies to find work
Put many European farmers out of business by undercutting their prices
Permanently altered consumption patterns for ordinary people
Introduced African products and goods into Europe for the first time
Rate this question:
Mestizos
Caballeros
Quilombos
Oroonokos
Rate this question:
Attacks by writers and intellectuals who claimed that humans were becoming gluttonous animals
Efforts by monarchs to stop the flood of imports in order to protect local producers
Wildly fluctuating prices for new consumer products and exotic foods
The reluctance of producers in colonial lands to sell commodities at enforced low prices
Rate this question:
They did not have adequate technology to keep their Baltic ports from silting shut
Their domestic supplies of raw material, which the depended on to keep their prices low, were nearly exhausted by 1720
Peter the Grest threatened to invade sny of his neighbors who traded with any country but Russia
All of the major Baltic countries began to restrict imports of manufactured goods in order to protect their own industries
Rate this question:
Appointing a chief minister who managed court affaris, made political appointments, and oversaw mercantile policy
Making up for the lack of a Russian middle class by encouraging noblewomen to become involved in science, education, and trade.
Undertaking extensive colonization efforts in africa to obtain the raw materials that provided so much of western Europe's wealth
Founding the new technical and scientific schools that were run by Western officials
Rate this question:
Suggested that the Voltaire had acted as a spy for England during the War of Polish Succession
Argued that the Anglican church--and Protestantism in general--was more clearly based on scientific priciples that was Catholicism
Praised the british government's tolerance and flexibility as a way of condemning the French government
Ridiculed Louis XV, his mistresses, and the entire French court
Rate this question:
Before 1675, most african slaves were sent to brazil, but within a quarter of a century, half were being shipped to the caribbean
The plantation economy in North America absorbed a vast number of slaves, reaching its height in the second half of the eighteenth century
By the time the slave trade began to wind down, in the mid-nineteenth century, some five million Africans had been sold as slaves in the americas
Most slaves from africa's west coast were sold to european traders by other africans who had captured them through warfare or kidnapping
Rate this question:
Religious grounds, as many asserted that african "heathens" deserved to be enslaved
Africans purported mental--and thus racial--inferiorty
Historical precedent, pointing to slavery as a "natural" practice that dated as far back as ancient Greece and the Roman empire
The claim that contact with European religion and culture, coupled with hard work, had an edifying or civilizing, effect on so-called primitive peoples.
Rate this question:
It became increasingly hard to retain maritime personnel for the unpleasant work on slave ships when sailors had the option of a more lucrative life as pirates
Protestant govt in particular began to look upon their association with such "criminal elements" as antithetical to cherished christian values
The presence of an increasing number of women travelers gave rise to a concomitant public clamor demanding that they be protected from possible contact with pirates
English, dutch, and french bands of sailors began to form their own assoc. of pirates, especially in the Caribbean, where they preyed on everyones shipping regardless of national origin
Rate this question:
A rise in the birthrate
The disappearance of plague after 1720
Improved agricultural techniques
Better weather conditions
Rate this question:
The selective breeding of animals
The planting of fodder crops, such as clover and turnips, instead of field rotation
The invention of new machinery
An increase in the amount of land under cultivation
Rate this question:
Immigration to the new world
A massive shift in the english economy to industrial production and manufacturing which lured young men away from the sountryside
Cheap agricultural imports from the english colonies, with which individual english peasants could not compete
The enclosure movement
Rate this question:
Repress revolts in andalusia and aragon which had all opposed him as the french interloper
Cancel his plans to marry the habsburg revival in the western Med
Provide massive reparations payments paid in new world silver to the french and habsburg monarchies
Renounce any furture claim to the french throne and cede spain's territories in italy and the netherlands
Rate this question:
The austrian hasburgs
The german house of hanover
The french of bourbons
The dutch house of orange
Rate this question:
Divided the russian nobility up into compulsory military, admin, and judicial service categories
Created a complex hierachry of the russian courtiers in his court as a means of regulating their frequently bloody competition for high office
Upset the fledgling entrepreneurial class in Russi, encouraging a damaging drain of talent to the west
Upset the leaders of the russian orthodox church, as it placed the tsar above the patriarch in both secular and religious matters
Rate this question:
The founding of laboratories, technical, school, and a russian Academy of sciences
The emancipation of the russian peasantry from a state of virtual slavery with the prohibition of the serf system
The translation into russian of many western european classics and the introduction of arabic numerals
The publication of the first public newspaper
Rate this question:
Great britain
Russia
France
Prussia
Rate this question:
God approved not only of faith and good works but also of material-that is to say, scientific and technological-success
Humankind was moving forward to ever higher levels of development on wheels born human , particularly european, endeavor
Maintaining heightened levels of human activity, leading to more commerce, more trade, more money in circulation, urbanization, higher fertility rates, was a sign of superiority
One should not measure human actions by what they were intended to produce (good faith) but rather only by what they did produce
Rate this question:
Penses
Phiosopes
Bibliophiles
Incroyables
Rate this question:
Promtiing the spread of knowledge that would be used to make informed decisions about social problems
Funding from its sales the charitable schools established jointly by Diderot and Voltaire
Providing systematic plans for socail refrom the could be used by anyone who was abe to read
Proving that a state-run system of education intellectual projects like the Encyclopedia
Rate this question:
Pietism
Jansenism
Ateism
Deism
Rate this question:
Democracy
Catholic church
Education
The military
Rate this question:
Amsterdam, paris, and london
Paris, london, and berlin
London, edinburgh, and amsterdam
Berlin, amsterdam, and paris
Rate this question:
The german govt wholeheartedly supported its intellectuals, including Lessing and Kant, while France's philosophes faced censorship or arrest.
Germanys intellectuals like Immanual Kant were far more interested in the practical application of the new ideology than were their French counterparts
French philosophers were far more aggressive in their condemnation of church and state than were german scholars
French phiosophes intended their workfor the masses but because the Prussian state limited education only to the well-to-do, ordinary people could not participate in the Enlightenment
Rate this question:
Clerical supervision in schools stunted individual development and independent thinking, which were necessary preparation for joining society
The university system was hopelessly flawed because students studiued Latin and Greek instead of logic
Qualified workers and members of the bourgeoisie should be admitted to universities in order to increase national wealth
Marriages arrnged by parents were happier than those unions arranged by the participants because the young people had fewer illusions in arranged matches
Rate this question:
France versus britian and austria versus russia
France versus austria and britian versus prussia
France versus russia and austria versus prussia
France versus britian and austria versus prussia
Rate this question:
George 2 died in 1760,leaving Hanover vunerable to attack by prussia, and this brought Great Britain into the war
The turks unexpectedly entered the war on the side of prussia, hoping to regain territory lost to their joint enemy, austria
Empress elizabeth of russia died and her successor immediately reversed her anti-Prussian policy, allowing fredrick the great to escape a crushoing defeat
The great lisbon earthquake of 1755 was so devasting to the french and spanish economies that they were unable to fully pursue the war
Rate this question:
Atheists
Jews
Muslims
Calvinists
Rate this question:
Catherine the great of russia
Joseph 2 of austria
Fredrick the great of prussia
George 3 of england
Rate this question:
The word riot implies random destructiveness, but participants were trying to enfore a fair price for grain or ensure supplies of it to feed their families
Food was only one of many commodities that were the focus of such unrest.
Official reports used this term to disguise the fact that these were really attempts tp institute a more democratic political system based on universal suffrage
These disturbances were far more important than they really were.
Rate this question:
The colonists resented the british govt decision to begin treating the naqtive americans as full citizens
The americans had sided with the french during the war and they resisted returning to allegiance to britain in the 1760s
It dramatically expanded the borders of british america and american colonists became angry when the british encouraged them to leave the ast coast to become settlers in the wilderness of the ohio river valley
It removed the threat of french invasion fromt he north, which made the colonists less dependent on british naval might and thus more willing to act on their grievances
Rate this question:
Increased the nobles power over them
Promulgated laws easing the legal restriction that had prevented serfs from leaving family plots,earning independent livelihoods, and marrying without their feudal lords permission
Declare war on prussia as a way of diverting attention away from social problems at home
Repealed the tax increase of the mid-centru and shifted some of the tax burden to the heretofore tax-exempt nobility
Rate this question:
Religious dissenters
Salons
Royal courts
Universities
Rate this question:
A systematic analysis of the various philosophical schools from antiquity to the eighteenth-century Enlightenment
A critique of the royal absolutist government
A compilation of words and phrases commomly used to describe God, man and the universe for which he proposed alternative definitions
An attack on most of the claims of organized christianity
Rate this question:
Contributed untimately to the general welfare or society at large
Had to be kept in check by the string arm of a powerful, centralized govt
Served as the source of all earthly woes that only true christians piety, as defined by the church, could alleviate
Could be transformed into compassion and concern for the general welfare throught the exercise of human reason
Rate this question:
Methodism
Pietism
Congregationalism
Chartism
Rate this question:
Hopitaux de charite
Domiciles de pauvrete
Depots de mendicite
Maisons de travail
Rate this question:
The putting out system
Introduction of the spinning jenny and water frame
The increasing wealth and demand for fashionabkle clothing of the rising middle classes
Skyrocketing population growth
Rate this question:
Agreeing to fredrick 2's demand the Poland-Lithuania be divided between Austria, Russia, and Prussia
Forming an allience with france against prussia and her ally Great Britian
Arranging for the assassination of the opposing claimant, Francis 1, who had declared the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 invalid, thereby resinding the right of women to inherit the crown
Conceding Silesia to Prussia, thereby disrupting the Franco-Prussian alliance
Rate this question:
Founding of military training schools for commissioned officers
Adoption of the year-round "citizen-soldier" system
Instition of the "canton system"
Transformation of private militias of local lords into a mass army
Rate this question:
Some west indian islands
Canada
A swath of territory in North Africa, including modern-day Algeria
Eastern Louisiana
Rate this question:
Increase equitabiltity of taxes
Administrative and legal reforms
Reforming their political systems so as increase accessibility to more citizens
Expanding access to education and religion tolerance
Rate this question:
France
Russia
Austria
Prussia
Rate this question:
Pugachev rebellion in russia
Flour war in france
Silesian weavers revolt in prussia
November revolution in Poland-Lithuania
Rate this question:
Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 15, 2023 +
Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.