Ch 2 Minerals Section 1 Matter
These questions will assess your understanding of the essential standards of matter in Section 1 of Chapter 2
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which of the following is NOT one of the eight most common elements in Earth's continental crust?
- A.
Carbon
- B.
Silicon
- C.
Oxygen
- D.
Aluminum
Correct Answer
A. CarbonExplanation
Carbon is not one of the eight most common elements in Earth's continental crust. The most common elements in the continental crust are oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium. Carbon is not as abundant in the continental crust compared to these elements.Rate this question:
-
- 2.
Who was the first scientist to discover atoms?
- A.
Democritus
- B.
Bohr
- C.
John Dalton
- D.
Thomson
Correct Answer
A. DemocritusExplanation
Democritus is credited with being the first scientist to propose the concept of atoms. He believed that all matter was made up of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. Democritus' ideas were based on philosophical reasoning rather than experimental evidence, but his theories laid the foundation for modern atomic theory. His ideas were later expanded upon and refined by other scientists such as John Dalton, J.J. Thomson, and Niels Bohr.Rate this question:
-
- 3.
Who believed that all atoms were made up of negatively charged particles free flowing in a positively charged mass?
- A.
Dalton
- B.
Thomson
- C.
All Greek philosphers
- D.
Bohr
Correct Answer
B. ThomsonExplanation
Thomson believed that all atoms were made up of negatively charged particles free flowing in a positively charged mass. This is known as the "plum pudding" model, where the negatively charged electrons are embedded in a positively charged mass, similar to plums in a pudding. This model was later replaced by the nuclear model proposed by Rutherford.Rate this question:
-
- 4.
Which subatomic particle(s) orbits the nucleus in a fixed orbit?
- A.
Proton
- B.
Neutron
- C.
Electron
- D.
Protons and electrons
Correct Answer
C. ElectronExplanation
Electrons are the subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus in a fixed orbit. Protons and neutrons are located within the nucleus and do not orbit it. Therefore, the correct answer is electron.Rate this question:
-
- 5.
What is the charge of a proton?
- A.
Negative
- B.
Positive
- C.
Neutral
- D.
No charge
Correct Answer
B. PositiveExplanation
A proton is a subatomic particle that carries a positive charge. It is one of the fundamental particles that make up an atom's nucleus. Protons have a charge of +1, which is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the charge of an electron. This positive charge is what allows protons to attract and bind with negatively charged electrons, creating a stable atom.Rate this question:
-
- 6.
Who was the "Father of the Periodic Table"
Correct Answer
mendeleevExplanation
Dmitri Mendeleev is considered the "Father of the Periodic Table" because he was the first scientist to develop a periodic table that organized the elements based on their atomic mass and chemical properties. Mendeleev's periodic table also left gaps for yet-to-be-discovered elements and predicted their properties accurately. His work laid the foundation for the modern periodic table that we use today.Rate this question:
- 7.
Each horizontal row is a ____________ on the periodic table.
Correct Answer
periodExplanation
Each horizontal row on the periodic table is called a period. The periodic table is organized in periods based on the increasing atomic number of the elements. Each period represents a different energy level or shell in which the electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom.Rate this question:
- 8.
Name the class of elements that makes up the majority of the periodic table.
- A.
Metals
- B.
Nonmetals
- C.
Metalloids
- D.
Gases
Correct Answer
A. MetalsExplanation
Metals make up the majority of the periodic table. They are characterized by their ability to conduct electricity and heat, as well as their luster and malleability. Metals are found on the left side and in the middle of the periodic table, and include elements such as iron, copper, and gold. They make up about 75% of the known elements and are essential for various industrial and technological applications.Rate this question:
-
- 9.
What is the family name of group 8A?
- A.
Halgens
- B.
Alkali Metals
- C.
Boron
- D.
Transition metals
Correct Answer
D. Transition metalsExplanation
The family name of group 8A is transition metals. This is because group 8A, also known as group 8 or the iron group, consists of elements that are transition metals. Transition metals are located in the d-block of the periodic table and have properties such as high melting and boiling points, good conductivity, and the ability to form colored compounds. Therefore, transition metals is the correct answer for the family name of group 8A.Rate this question:
-
- 10.
How many electrons can the first energy level hold?
- A.
4
- B.
2
- C.
8
- D.
1
Correct Answer
B. 2Explanation
The first energy level can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. This is because the first energy level only has one sublevel, which is the s sublevel, and the s sublevel can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.Rate this question:
-
- 11.
DNA is a molecule...
- A.
Made up of lots of atoms
- B.
Made up of lots of balls
- C.
That is straight
- D.
Made up of only a few atoms
- E.
Made of only carbon
Correct Answer
A. Made up of lots of atomsExplanation
DNA is a molecule that is made up of lots of atoms. This is because DNA is a complex macromolecule composed of nucleotides, which are made up of atoms such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. These atoms come together to form the double helix structure of DNA, which carries genetic information and plays a crucial role in the functioning of living organisms.Rate this question:
-
- 12.
What is the atomic mass of this element?
- A.
27
- B.
32
- C.
59
- D.
86
- E.
197
Correct Answer
C. 59Explanation
The atomic mass of an element refers to the average mass of all the isotopes of that element. In this case, the correct answer is 59, which means that the average mass of all the isotopes of this element is 59 atomic mass units.Rate this question:
-
- 13.
How many electrons are in the outer orbital of this atom?
- A.
2
- B.
6
- C.
12
- D.
18
- E.
24
Correct Answer
A. 2Explanation
The correct answer is 2 because the question asks about the number of electrons in the outer orbital of the atom. The outer orbital, also known as the valence shell, can hold a maximum of 8 electrons. Therefore, if there are only 2 electrons in the outer orbital, it means that the atom has a valence electron configuration of 2, which is typical for atoms in the first period of the periodic table.Rate this question:
-
- 14.
AMU stands for
- A.
Absolute Mass Unit
- B.
Atomic Making Unit
- C.
Atomic Mass Unit
- D.
Abraham's Mass Unit
Correct Answer
C. Atomic Mass UnitExplanation
AMU stands for Atomic Mass Unit. This unit is used to measure the mass of atoms and molecules. It is defined as 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom. The atomic mass unit is commonly used in chemistry and physics to express the relative masses of atoms and molecules.Rate this question:
-
- 15.
The atomic number
- A.
Tells what can and what cannot move in an atom
- B.
Orbits the center proton
- C.
States how many spoolas are in the nucleus
- D.
Is the same as the amount of protons
Correct Answer
D. Is the same as the amount of protonsExplanation
The atomic number of an atom is the same as the amount of protons it contains. Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom. The atomic number determines the identity of an element and defines its unique properties. It also determines the number of electrons in a neutral atom, as in a neutral atom the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. Therefore, the statement that the atomic number is the same as the amount of protons is correct.Rate this question:
-
- 16.
Protons...
- A.
Are negatively charged
- B.
Orbit the nucleus
- C.
Are positively charged
- D.
1/2000 amu
Correct Answer
C. Are positively chargedExplanation
Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They have a mass of approximately 1/2000 amu. Unlike electrons, which are negatively charged and orbit the nucleus, protons are positively charged and remain within the nucleus.Rate this question:
-
- 17.
Electrons...
- A.
Orbit the nucleus and negatively charged
- B.
Are positively charged and make up the nucleus
- C.
Take up most of the mass in the atom
- D.
Are the same as the atomic number
Correct Answer
A. Orbit the nucleus and negatively chargedExplanation
Electrons orbit the nucleus and are negatively charged. This is a basic concept in atomic structure. Electrons are subatomic particles that have a negative charge and they move around the nucleus in specific energy levels or orbitals. They are much smaller and lighter than the protons and neutrons in the nucleus and they contribute very little to the mass of the atom. The number of electrons in an atom is equal to the atomic number, which determines the element's identity.Rate this question:
-
- 18.
The nucleus
- A.
Is made up of protons and neutrons
- B.
Orbits the center proton
- C.
Is the coldest point in the atom
- D.
Surrounds the atom
Correct Answer
A. Is made up of protons and neutronsExplanation
The nucleus makes up most of the mass and is made up of protons and neutrons.Rate this question:
-
- 19.
Which subatomic particles are MOST involved in chemical bonding?
- A.
Protons
- B.
Electrons
- C.
Neutrons
- D.
Isotopes
Correct Answer
B. ElectronsExplanation
Electrons are the subatomic particles that are most involved in chemical bonding. This is because electrons are negatively charged and they orbit around the nucleus of an atom. During chemical bonding, electrons are either shared or transferred between atoms to form chemical bonds. These bonds allow atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration, which is typically achieved by filling or emptying their outermost electron shell. Therefore, electrons play a crucial role in determining the chemical properties and reactivity of atoms.Rate this question:
-
Back to top