A Quiz For Cells & Tissues

The correct answer is mitochondrion. Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they generate most of the cell's energy through the process of cellular respiration. Mitochondria have their own DNA and can replicate independently within the cell. They play a crucial role in various cellular processes, including metabolism and the production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the main energy currency of the cell.

The correct answer is vacuole. A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle found in the cells of plants, fungi, and some protists. It is responsible for storing various substances such as water, ions, and nutrients. Vacuoles also play a role in maintaining cell turgidity and regulating cell volume. They can vary in size and can occupy a significant portion of the cell's volume.

Anaphase is the correct answer because it is the stage of mitosis where the chromosomes, which have duplicated during the previous stages, separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell. This is achieved through the pulling apart of the sister chromatids by the spindle fibers. The chromosomes are then fully separated and begin to move towards the opposite ends of the cell, preparing for the final stage of mitosis, cytokinesis.

Interphase is not a phase of mitosis. Mitosis consists of four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Interphase is the resting phase between cell divisions, where the cell prepares for the next round of division by growing, replicating its DNA, and carrying out normal cellular functions. It is not considered a part of mitosis because it does not involve the actual division of the cell's nucleus.

Metaphase is the correct answer because during this stage of mitosis, the chromosomes align and gather at the center of the cell, forming a single line called the metaphase plate. This alignment ensures that each daughter cell receives an equal number of chromosomes during cell division. In prophase, the chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down. Anaphase is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids, while in telophase, the nuclear envelope reforms and the chromosomes begin to decondense. Therefore, the description provided matches the characteristics of metaphase.

The suffix 'us' or 'men' at the end of the word indicates the singular form or single instance of something.

During telophase, the nuclear membrane starts to reform around the separated chromosomes. This marks the end of mitosis and the beginning of cytokinesis, where the cytoplasm divides to form two daughter cells.

When 'i' or 'ae' or 'a' is added at the end of a word, it indicates the plural form of that word, meaning there is more than one of that thing. This is a common rule in many languages, including Latin and some Romance languages. For example, in Latin, "alumnus" means "student" in the singular form, but when 'i' is added at the end, it becomes "alumni," meaning "students" in the plural form. Similarly, in English, adding 's' to a word usually indicates plurality, but in certain cases, adding 'i' or 'ae' or 'a' can also serve the same purpose.

Cytokinesis is the stage of mitosis described here because it is the process in which the cell divides into two daughter cells. During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm of the parent cell is divided, resulting in the formation of two separate cells. This stage occurs after the chromosomes have separated and moved to opposite ends of the cell during anaphase and telophase. Therefore, cytokinesis is the correct answer as it specifically refers to the physical splitting of the cell into two daughter cells.

In prophase, the nuclear membrane breaks apart and the centrioles migrate to the poles. This is the first stage of mitosis where the chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the spindle fibers begin to form. During this stage, the centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell and start to organize the spindle apparatus. The breakdown of the nuclear membrane allows the spindle fibers to interact with the chromosomes. Therefore, the given description aligns with the characteristics of prophase in mitosis.