CDC Volume 2 Edit Code 2

Carbon monoxide gas is poisonous and odorless, meaning it cannot be detected by our senses. It does not have any color, making it even more dangerous as it cannot be seen. This lack of color allows carbon monoxide to go unnoticed, increasing the risk of poisoning. It is crucial to have carbon monoxide detectors in homes and other spaces to ensure early detection and prevention of this deadly gas.

The purpose of the exhaust duct is to straighten the exhaust gas-flow. This means that the duct is designed to remove any turbulence or irregularities in the flow of the exhaust gases, ensuring that they exit the system in a smooth and streamlined manner. Straightening the exhaust gas-flow helps to optimize the performance of the system, reduce energy losses, and improve overall efficiency.

Before inspecting new jet engine bearings, it is necessary to remove the preservative coating. The preservative coating is applied to protect the bearings during storage and transportation. However, this coating can interfere with the inspection process and potentially hide any defects or damage that may be present. Therefore, it is important to remove the preservative coating before inspecting the bearings to ensure a thorough and accurate examination.

Arbor presses and bearing pullers are the most commonly used tools for removing bearings. Arbor presses provide controlled pressure to push the bearing out of its housing, while bearing pullers use hooks or claws to grip and pull the bearing out. These tools are effective in safely and efficiently removing bearings without causing damage to the surrounding components. Drift pipes and hammers may be used in certain situations, but they are not as commonly used as arbor presses and bearing pullers.

Nicks are a type of defect that appear on bearings as a result of bearing parts striking together. When the parts strike, small chips or dents can be formed on the surface of the bearing, creating nicks. These nicks can cause problems such as increased friction, reduced performance, and potential failure of the bearing over time. Therefore, nicks are a common type of defect that can occur on bearings due to the striking of bearing parts.

The reduction geartrain is responsible for reducing the engine rotor speed to the required revolutions per minute (rpm) for accessories. This component is designed to decrease the speed and increase the torque of the engine, allowing it to efficiently power the various accessories in a vehicle or machine. The reduction geartrain consists of a series of gears with different sizes, which work together to slow down the rotation speed and transfer power to the accessories at the desired rpm.

After engine shutdown, the fuel that accumulates in the T56 engine combustion section is vented overboard by drain valves. This means that the excess fuel is released and expelled from the engine through drain valves, preventing it from accumulating and potentially causing damage or safety hazards.

The section of a jet engine that introduces and burns fuel is the combustion section. This is where the fuel is mixed with air and ignited, creating a high-temperature and high-pressure environment. The combustion process produces hot gases that expand and create the necessary thrust to propel the aircraft forward. The other options, turbine, diffuser, and compressor, are all components of a jet engine but do not specifically introduce and burn fuel.

The correct answer is kerosene and gasoline. Jet fuel is a type of aviation fuel that is specifically designed for use in jet engines. It is a mixture of kerosene and gasoline, which are both hydrocarbon-based fuels. Kerosene provides the necessary energy and stability for the engine, while gasoline helps to improve the fuel's performance and ignition characteristics. This combination of kerosene and gasoline ensures that the jet fuel has the right balance of properties to meet the requirements of jet engines.

The air temperature of a jet engine gradually rises across the compressor to the diffuser outlet as a result of compression. This is because the compressor compresses the incoming air, increasing its pressure and density. As the air is compressed, its molecules become closer together, leading to an increase in temperature. Therefore, compression is the process that causes the air temperature to rise in the jet engine.

The highest point of temperature is reached in the combustion section of an engine. This is where the fuel is ignited and burned, resulting in a rapid increase in temperature. The combustion section is designed to withstand these high temperatures and convert the energy released from the combustion process into mechanical work.

When the energy is absorbed by the turbine wheel, it is then returned to the compressor. This means that the energy is recycled and reused within the system, rather than being lost or wasted. This process allows for more efficient operation of the turbine and helps to maximize energy utilization.

The percentage of combustion efficiency of a gas turbine refers to the amount of fuel that is effectively converted into useful energy. A higher percentage indicates a more efficient combustion process. The range of 95 and 100 suggests that the gas turbine is highly efficient, with minimal fuel wastage and maximum energy conversion.

The most common type of fuel nozzle system is pressure-atomizing. This system uses high-pressure air or steam to atomize the fuel into small particles, allowing for efficient combustion. It is widely used in various industries, including aviation, automotive, and power generation. This type of nozzle system ensures proper fuel distribution and combustion control, resulting in improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions.

When small particles of foreign material become lodged between the rollers of bearings, it can lead to the formation of grooves on the surface. These grooves can cause uneven wear and damage to the bearing, affecting its performance and lifespan. Pits, bands, and brinelling are other types of defects that can occur in bearings, but in this case, the correct answer is grooves.

To operate an accessory in a jet engine at its most optimum speed, design engineers need to change the gear ratio. The gear ratio determines the relationship between the speed of the engine and the speed of the accessory. By adjusting the gear ratio, engineers can ensure that the accessory operates at the desired speed, maximizing its efficiency and performance. This can be achieved by either increasing or decreasing the gear ratio, depending on the specific requirements of the accessory.

The correct answer is the external scavenge oil pump. This is because the question mentions mounting pads on the aft side of the accessory drive, and the external scavenge oil pump is one of the components that is mounted on these pads. The other options mentioned in the question, such as the fuel control, fuel pump, and speed-sensitive valve, are not mounted on the accessory drive but are separate components.

Energy is defined as the ability to do work. Work is the transfer of energy from one object to another, or the transformation of energy from one form to another. In this context, inertia refers to an object's resistance to changes in its motion, friction refers to the resistance encountered when two surfaces rub against each other, and velocity refers to the speed and direction of an object's motion. None of these definitions align with the given question. Therefore, the correct answer is energy.

Fuel for an engine represents potential energy. When fuel is burned, it releases energy in the form of heat, which is then converted into mechanical energy to power the engine. This potential energy is stored in the fuel and is harnessed to generate the necessary power for the engine to function.

In a jet engine, the temperature of compressed air needs to be raised in order to increase the energy. This is because increasing the temperature of the air increases its kinetic energy, which in turn increases the thrust produced by the engine. By raising the temperature, the air molecules move faster and collide with greater force, resulting in a higher energy output.

A turboprop engine uses the method of accelerating a large mass of air through a small velocity change to produce thrust. This is achieved by using a turbine to drive a propeller, which accelerates a large amount of air backwards. According to Newton's third law of motion, the reaction to this backward acceleration is a forward thrust on the aircraft. This method is efficient for low-speed aircraft and allows for a combination of jet propulsion and propeller propulsion.

The correct answer is internal passages. Internal passages are responsible for routing oil and fuel through the T700 engine accessory gearbox (AGB). These passages are located within the engine and ensure the proper flow of oil and fuel to the gearbox, allowing it to function efficiently. External lines and passages, on the other hand, are not involved in this process.

Penetration is not a method of heat transfer. Heat transfer occurs through conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between two objects or substances. Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids or gases. Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves. Penetration, on the other hand, does not involve the transfer of heat but refers to the ability of a substance or object to pass through another material.

The fuel control is responsible for metering fuel for combustion in the engine. It regulates the flow of fuel to ensure the correct amount is delivered to the combustion chamber. This component plays a crucial role in maintaining the proper fuel-to-air ratio for efficient combustion and optimal engine performance.

A jet engine uses a gas-driven turbine wheel to drive its compressor. This means that the turbine wheel is powered by the force of the gas flowing through the engine, which in turn drives the compressor. This design allows the engine to generate the necessary power and airflow for propulsion. The other options mentioned, such as turbo-superchargers and nozzles, are not directly related to the design of a jet engine.

Pressure pulsations can reduce the efficiency of a centrifugal compressor. These pulsations occur when there are fluctuations in the pressure within the compressor, causing uneven flow and turbulence. This can lead to energy losses and decreased efficiency.

The stationary vanes positioned between rotor discs in a compressor are used to direct air and increase pressure. These vanes help to guide the airflow and redirect it in the desired direction, increasing the pressure as the air passes through the compressor. By controlling the airflow and increasing the pressure, these vanes play a crucial role in the efficient operation of the compressor.

The leading edge vanes on an F100-PW-220 engine are hollow so that anti-icing air can flow through them. This is important because during flight, ice can accumulate on the leading edge of the engine, which can disrupt airflow and affect engine performance. By allowing anti-icing air to flow through the hollow vanes, any ice buildup can be prevented or removed, ensuring optimal aerodynamics and engine functionality.

After a failed start, the fuel that accumulates is drained overboard by a drain system. This is done to prevent the fuel from causing any damage or contamination to the fuel control system. Draining the fuel overboard ensures that it is safely removed from the system and does not interfere with the next start attempt.

Swirl-type fuel nozzles are designed to create a swirling motion in the fuel-air mixture, which enhances the combustion process. This swirling motion increases the flame speed, allowing for a more efficient and complete combustion. Therefore, swirl-type fuel nozzles are typically used to provide a high flame speed.

The most frequently used method of attaching the turbine blades (buckets) to the turbine rotor disc is by using a series of grooves or notches broached in the rim of the disc. This method ensures a secure and reliable connection between the blades and the disc, allowing for efficient power transfer and minimizing the risk of blade detachment during operation. The grooves or notches provide a mechanical interlock that prevents the blades from rotating or sliding out of position, even under high rotational forces and vibrations. This method is widely adopted in turbine design due to its effectiveness and durability.

The flameholder is the component in the augmentor that creates local turbulence and reduces gas velocity. It is designed to stabilize the flame and ensure its continuous combustion. By creating turbulence, the flameholder helps to mix fuel and air more effectively, improving combustion efficiency. Additionally, the reduced gas velocity allows for better control of the flame and prevents flame blowout. Spraybars, screech liner, and fuel manifold do not directly create turbulence or reduce gas velocity in the augmentor.

Galling is a type of bearing defect that occurs due to inadequate lubrication. When there is insufficient lubrication between the bearing surfaces, friction and heat increase, causing the surfaces to seize and stick together. This leads to metal transfer and the formation of rough spots or protrusions on the surfaces, known as galling. Galling can cause damage to the bearing and result in reduced performance and premature failure.

The recommended method of expanding a bearing race before installation is to use a hot-oil bath. This is because heating the bearing race in a hot-oil bath causes it to expand, making it easier to fit onto the shaft or housing. The hot oil helps to evenly distribute heat and prevent damage to the bearing race. Using a coal furnace or an oscillating heater may result in uneven heating and potential damage to the bearing race. A hydraulic-oil bath is not commonly used for expanding bearing races.

Newton's third law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that when an object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts a force of equal magnitude but in the opposite direction on the first object. This law explains the concept of action and reaction, which is summarized in the two words "action" and "reaction". Bernoulli's principle, Newton's first law of motion, and Newton's second law of motion do not specifically address the concept of action and reaction.

The equivalent shaft horsepower determines the performance of the engine-propeller combination. This type of horsepower takes into account the power losses that occur between the engine and the propeller, such as mechanical losses and losses due to the propeller efficiency. It provides a more accurate measure of the actual power available for propulsion and is therefore a better indicator of the engine-propeller combination's performance.

Vane-type fuel pumps used in jet engines are similar to sliding-vane air compressors. Both types of pumps use a set of vanes that slide in and out of slots in a rotor to create a pumping action. This design allows for efficient and reliable fuel or air delivery. The other options, piston pump air compressors, roots air compressors, and turbo-superchargers, have different mechanisms and are not directly comparable to vane-type fuel pumps.

One advantage of a modular engine is that entire engines are not withheld from service. This means that if a module of the engine needs repair or maintenance, it can be replaced or repaired individually without taking the entire engine out of service. This reduces downtime and allows for more efficient and cost-effective maintenance of the engine.

The "fir tree" method of attaching turbine blades to the rotor disc is preferred because of the temperature differential between the disc and the blades. This method allows for better thermal expansion and contraction of the blades, ensuring a secure and stable attachment. The temperature difference can cause the blades and the disc to expand and contract at different rates, and the fir tree design accommodates this movement effectively. This helps to prevent any potential damage or failure of the blades due to thermal stresses, making it a suitable choice for turbine blade attachment.

The purpose of the turbine section is to convert energy into torque. In a turbine, energy is supplied to the system, which is then converted into rotational force or torque. This torque is used to drive the turbine and perform useful work, such as generating electricity in a power plant or propelling an aircraft. Therefore, the correct answer is "energy into torque."

The correct answer is Brake. Brake horsepower refers to the power delivered to the propeller for useful work. It represents the actual power output of the engine, taking into account any losses due to friction or other factors. Indicated horsepower, on the other hand, is the power calculated based on the pressure inside the cylinders, while frictional horsepower represents the power lost due to friction in the engine. Equivalent shaft horsepower is a measure of the power output of a turbine engine.

The correct answer is mainframes. In order to achieve structural rigidity, F108 utilizes a short length and only two main structures, which are referred to as mainframes. These mainframes play a crucial role in providing stability and strength to the structure. The presence of only two mainframes helps in distributing the load evenly and efficiently, ensuring the overall rigidity of the structure.

The secondary airflow on the F108 engine produces 80% of the total engine thrust.

The No. 2 bearing is located in the Intermediate case of the F119-PW-100 engine.

The correct answer is interlocking stainless-steel bands. This is because an annular-type combustion chamber is typically made up of two concentric rings or bands that interlock with each other to form the inner and outer surfaces of the chamber. These bands are usually made of stainless steel, which is a durable and heat-resistant material suitable for withstanding the high temperatures and pressures of the combustion process. This design allows for efficient combustion and helps to contain the combustion gases within the chamber.

The correct answer is three because a jet engine bearing can experience three different types of loads: radial load, axial load, and moment load. Radial load is the force acting perpendicular to the axis of the bearing, axial load is the force acting parallel to the axis of the bearing, and moment load is the force acting at a distance from the center of the bearing, causing a twisting effect.

The correct answer is "bearings are a matched set." This means that before installing separable bearings, it is important to ensure that the bearings being used are a matched set. This means that they are designed to work together and have been manufactured to the same specifications. Using mismatched bearings can lead to improper functioning and potential damage to the equipment.

The reduction gearbox on an F100-PW-220 engine reduces the speed between the main fuel gear pump and the engine-driven main gearbox by 52 percent.

The T56 safety coupling is designed to disconnect the power section from the reduction gearbox (RGB) assembly. This is important in case of an overspeed situation, where the propeller rotates at a speed higher than its maximum limit. By disconnecting the power section, the propeller can be brought to a stop or a safe speed to prevent any damage or failure. This safety feature ensures the integrity and reliability of the propeller system.

A divergent duct is designed to gradually increase in size, causing the gas to expand and slow down as it passes through. This decrease in velocity leads to an increase in pressure. Therefore, a divergent duct would decrease the velocity and increase the pressure of a gas as it passes through.