Campbell 2.3-2.4 Reading Quiz
This quiz covers the reading assignment from Chapter 2.3-4 on the topics of molecules, types of bonds, and chemical reactions.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Please explain the type of bonding in Fig. 2.16 of your textbook in as much detail as possible (describe WHAT is happening, WHY it is happening, WHEN this is most likely to occur -- USE vocabulary words whenever possible!)
- 2.
Why does a greater concentration of reactants INCREASE the rate of a reaction?
- 3.
Which of these relationships is true of an uncharged atom?
- A.
Atomic mass is equal to the number of electrons.
- B.
Number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.
- C.
Number of neutrons is equal to the number of protons.
- D.
Atomic mass is equal to the atomic number.
- E.
Number of electrons is equal to the number of neutrons.
Correct Answer
B. Number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.Explanation
The correct answer is that the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons in an uncharged atom. This is because in an uncharged atom, the number of positive protons in the nucleus is balanced by an equal number of negative electrons in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus. This balance of positive and negative charges results in an atom with no overall charge.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following determines the types of chemical reactions that an atom participates in?
- A.
Its atomic mass
- B.
The number of electrons in the innermost electron shell
- C.
The number of electrons in the outermost electron shell
- D.
The number of protons it contains
- E.
Its atomic number
Correct Answer
C. The number of electrons in the outermost electron shellExplanation
The number of electrons in the outermost electron shell determines the types of chemical reactions that an atom participates in. This is because the outermost shell, known as the valence shell, is responsible for the atom's chemical behavior. The electrons in this shell can be gained, lost, or shared with other atoms to form chemical bonds and create stable compounds. The number of electrons in the outermost shell also determines the atom's valence, which indicates the number of bonds it can form.Rate this question:
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- 5.
In figure 2.14 of your textbook a Sodium (Na) atom is transferring one of its electrons to an atom of Chlorine (Cl). In the end both are satisfied with an outer electron shell containing 8 electrons - Na with a charge of +1 and Cl with a charge of -1. This is an example of ________________ bonding.
Correct Answer
ionicExplanation
When a Sodium (Na) atom transfers one of its electrons to a Chlorine (Cl) atom, it forms an ionic bond. In this type of bonding, one atom gains an electron to become negatively charged (Cl-) and the other atom loses an electron to become positively charged (Na+). The opposite charges attract each other, resulting in the formation of an ionic bond. This allows both atoms to achieve a stable outer electron shell with 8 electrons, satisfying the octet rule.Rate this question:
- 6.
A _________________ is two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
Correct Answer
moleculeExplanation
A molecule is formed when two or more atoms share electrons through covalent bonds, resulting in a stable structure. This allows the atoms to achieve a full outer electron shell, making the molecule more stable than the individual atoms. Therefore, a molecule is a correct answer to the given question as it accurately describes the concept of atoms being held together by covalent bonds.Rate this question:
- 7.
A ____________________ is a molecule made of more than 2 or more elements.
Correct Answer
compoundExplanation
A compound is a molecule made up of two or more elements. This means that it contains different types of atoms bonded together. Compounds have unique properties and characteristics that are different from the elements they are composed of. Examples of compounds include water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sodium chloride (NaCl).Rate this question:
- 8.
When Carbon and Hydrogen atoms meet, what type of a bond do they make?
- A.
Hydrogen
- B.
Nonpolar covalent
- C.
Ionic
- D.
Polar covalent
Correct Answer
B. Nonpolar covalentExplanation
When carbon and hydrogen atoms meet, they form a nonpolar covalent bond. This is because both carbon and hydrogen have similar electronegativities, meaning they have equal tendencies to attract electrons. In a nonpolar covalent bond, the electrons are shared equally between the atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of charge. This type of bond is characterized by a symmetrical distribution of charge and a lack of polarity.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following represent the 2 weakest types of bonding?
- A.
Ionic
- B.
Hydrogen
- C.
Covalent
- D.
Van der Waals
Correct Answer(s)
B. Hydrogen
D. Van der WaalsExplanation
Hydrogen bonding is a weak type of bonding that occurs when a hydrogen atom is attracted to a highly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen. Van der Waals forces, on the other hand, are weak intermolecular forces that result from temporary fluctuations in electron distribution, causing temporary dipoles. These forces include London dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interactions. Both hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals forces are weaker than ionic and covalent bonding, making them the two weakest types of bonding.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The Greek "delta" symbol indicates a ________________ positive or negative charge on an atom.
Correct Answer(s)
partialExplanation
The Greek "delta" symbol is used to represent a change or difference in a quantity. In the context of this question, it is indicating a partial positive or negative charge on an atom. This means that the atom has an uneven distribution of electrons, resulting in a slight positive or negative charge.Rate this question:
- 11.
__________________________ Van der Waals interactions are very weak, but many of them combined, as in the gecko example in your textbook, can be extremely powerful.
Correct Answer(s)
Individual
Individually
Single
AloneExplanation
The given statement suggests that Van der Waals interactions are weak on their own, but when many of them are combined, they can become very powerful. This implies that the strength of Van der Waals interactions increases with the number of interactions present. Therefore, the words "individual," "individually," "single," and "alone" all convey the idea that Van der Waals interactions are weak when considered by themselves, but gain strength when multiple interactions occur simultaneously.Rate this question:
- 12.
The shape of a molecule determines:
- A.
Its ability to bond with other biological molecules
- B.
Its ability to be recognized by other biological molecules
- C.
Its ability to form weak interactions with and temporarily interact with other biological molecule
- D.
Its ability to mimic other biological molecules and their functions
Correct Answer(s)
A. Its ability to bond with other biological molecules
B. Its ability to be recognized by other biological molecules
C. Its ability to form weak interactions with and temporarily interact with other biological molecule
D. Its ability to mimic other biological molecules and their functionsExplanation
The shape of a molecule determines its ability to bond with other biological molecules because the shape determines the arrangement of the atoms and the availability of bonding sites. It also determines the molecule's ability to be recognized by other biological molecules because the shape determines the compatibility of binding sites and the ability to fit into specific receptors. Additionally, the shape determines the molecule's ability to form weak interactions and temporarily interact with other biological molecules, as well as its ability to mimic other biological molecules and their functions by having a similar shape and structure.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Elements or molecules listed to the LEFT of a reaction arrow are called the _________________________.
Correct Answer(s)
reactantsExplanation
The elements or molecules listed to the left of a reaction arrow are called reactants. Reactants are the substances that undergo a chemical reaction and are present before the reaction takes place. They are the starting materials that are consumed or transformed during the reaction to form new substances called products, which are listed to the right of the reaction arrow.Rate this question:
- 14.
Molecules or elements listed to the RIGHT of a reaction arrow are called the __________________________.
Correct Answer(s)
productsExplanation
The molecules or elements listed to the right of a reaction arrow are called the products. In a chemical reaction, reactants are transformed into products through a rearrangement of atoms. The products are the substances that are formed as a result of the reaction and are typically found on the right-hand side of the reaction arrow in a chemical equation.Rate this question:
- 15.
_______________________ tell you how many of each molecule are present and reacting in a chemical equation.
Correct Answer(s)
Coefficients
coefficients
CoefficientExplanation
Coefficients in a chemical equation represent the number of molecules or moles of each substance involved in the reaction. They are used to balance the equation and ensure that the number of atoms on both sides of the equation is equal. The capitalization of the word "Coefficients" and the repetition of the word "coefficients" and "Coefficient" emphasize that all three forms of the word refer to the same concept and are correct answers.Rate this question:
- 16.
In Fig. 2.19 of your textbook a sprig of Elodea is shown as an example of photosynthesis. The bubbles being produced are made of ___________________.
Correct Answer(s)
oxygen
o2Explanation
The bubbles being produced in the sprig of Elodea during photosynthesis are made of oxygen (O2). Oxygen is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis when plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight as an energy source. Therefore, the bubbles observed in the sprig of Elodea indicate the production of oxygen gas.Rate this question:
- 17.
Look at the balanced chemical equation for the creation of water on page 42 in your textbook. According to this reaction _____ molecule(s) of water is/are being produced.
Correct Answer(s)
2Explanation
The balanced chemical equation for the creation of water states that 2 molecules of water are being produced.Rate this question:
- 18.
Please check ALL of the following that represent possible %s of reactants and products at the dynamic equilibrium of a reaction.
- A.
10%/90%
- B.
30%/70%
- C.
10%/30%
- D.
50%/35%
- E.
80%/20%
Correct Answer(s)
A. 10%/90%
B. 30%/70%
E. 80%/20%Explanation
At dynamic equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time. This means that the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction. In order for this to occur, the reactants and products must be present in certain proportions. The answer choices of 10%/90%, 30%/70%, and 80%/20% all represent possible proportions of reactants and products at dynamic equilibrium.Rate this question:
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- 19.
All chemical reactions are reversible.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Chemical reactions can be classified as either reversible or irreversible. In a reversible reaction, the reactants can form products, and the products can also react to form the original reactants. This means that the reaction can proceed in both the forward and reverse directions. On the other hand, irreversible reactions only proceed in one direction, from reactants to products. Since the statement claims that "all" chemical reactions are reversible, it implies that there are no reactions that are irreversible. Therefore, the correct answer is true.Rate this question:
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- 20.
At a chemical reaction's dynamic equilibrium there are always equal amounts of reactants and products.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
At a chemical reaction's dynamic equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products may not be equal, but they remain constant over time. This means that the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at the same rate, resulting in a stable concentration of reactants and products. The equilibrium position is determined by the relative stabilities of the reactants and products, and can be shifted by changing the conditions of the reaction. Therefore, it is not always true that there are equal amounts of reactants and products at equilibrium.Rate this question:
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