The Campaign Of Alexander The Great (335-323 BC)

Yes, Mazakes the Persian satrap offered only token resistance to Alexander and was less than enchanted with Darius's conduct at Issus years before. He offered only token resistance to Alexander along his route towards Babylon which he surrendered without a fight later, indicating he was also probably Satrap of that region as well.

Alexander the Great had a close and deep bond with his childhood friend and companion, Hephaistion. When Hephaistion died six months before Alexander's own passing, it caused him immense grief. Alexander was devastated by the loss of his dear friend and never fully recovered from this loss. The death of Hephaistion had a profound impact on Alexander, highlighting the depth of their relationship and the emotional toll it took on him.

After Memnon passed away unexpectedly, his son-in-law Pharnabazus took control of the Persian forces in the Aegean, assisted by Autophradates. Together they presented major problems to Alexander.

Bessus was a cavalry commander who served under Darius during the Battle of Gaugamela. He was also the Satrap of Bactria. After Darius was mortally wounded and fled east, Bessus betrayed him by capturing and leaving him for dead. Alexander, who was pursuing Darius, considered this betrayal as a grave offense and later had Bessus killed as a punishment.

Assuming the role as Pharoh, Ptolemy was careful to hit the right balance between Egypt's pharaonic past and his own Hellenic background.

Darius used Scythed Chariots against Alexander at Gaugamela. These chariots were equipped with blades or scythes attached to the wheels or axles, which were intended to cut down enemy soldiers as they charged. Darius ordered his men to prepare the battlefield the night before by removing rocks and other impediments to ensure that the chariots could maneuver effectively. The use of Scythed Chariots was a strategic attempt to counter Alexander's forces and gain an advantage in the battle.

Settled in the west of Egypt this settlement is known to have been in existence since the 10th Century and came into contact with Pharonic Egypt sometime during the 26th Dynasty(c. 685-525 BC). The cult of Ammon-Ra became popular with the Greeks sometime in the 5th Century, probably through colonists from Cyrene.

Many contemporary scholars have critizised Alexander's 6 month seige of Tyre as unecessary. However it is important to know the significance Tyre played in helping to supply the Persian fleet which was still active in the Aegean and causing significant problems that threatened his supply lines. Capture of the city's harbor put an end to this threat.

Though the actual reasons behind Alexander's murder of Cleitos are uncertain it is believed Cleitos did not approve of Alexander's recent adoption of Persian customs and dress and made his feelings be known in no uncertain terms during a drinking party which had fatal results for this member of the royal somatophylakes, or bodyguard.

While Nearchus did construct a fleet which he used to transport Alexander's men, the bulk of his army traveled west in two seperate caravans over land. Alexander led one across the Gedrosian desert suffering great loss of life. Crateros lead the second caravan using a more northerly route traveling through Arachosia and Drangiana.

The Sogdian Rock's defenders were very confident of the stronghold's ability to withstand attack, boasting to Alexander's men that they had better have wings if they wished to take the fortress. While his men did not possess the ability to fly they did scale the steep cliffs of the installation and Alexander took the fortress in the end.

The correct answer is the Battle of Issus. The Battle of Issus was fought between Alexander the Great and King Darius III of Persia in 333 BC. The fresco discovered in Pompeii depicts this battle, showing Alexander and Darius in the midst of the conflict. The Battle of Issus was a significant victory for Alexander, as it resulted in the defeat of the Persian army and the capture of Darius's family.

Alexander appoints Antigonus Monopthalmus as Satrap of Greater Phrygia in order to handle the aftermath of his march east. This suggests that Antigonus is trusted by Alexander to effectively manage the region, including suppressing rebellions and completing necessary operations.

It was said that Alexander never fully recovered from his injury fighting the Malloi.

This is a painting of Alexander's original entrance into Babylon almost a decade earlier in 331 BC.

False. Alexander's plan to defeat Porus hinged greatly on the element of surprise. Building a bridge Ceasar style (a'la the Rhine River) would not have acheived this. Alexander led a large task force further up the Hydaspes River crossing a shallow ford, but quickly discovered to his horror he had led his men onto an island in the middle of the river! Dispite this, he was able to cross to the eastern bank with the bulk of his men and bring the battle to Porus in the south as planned.

Perdiccas's star had been on the rise with Alexander during the last few years of his reign. However, few if any of Alexander's successors enjoyed a sizable advantage over their counterparts with respect to "gravitas" and the like that might have otherwise made choosing an unambiguous heir easier. As such from the beginning Perdiccas lacked the respect and allegance of his fellow Macedonian officers that his high office would necessitate to administer the empire and quickly led to internal conflict between the Diadochs.

The Babylonians were a deeply religious people and held on to certain superstitions and customs regarding protocol that dated back thousands of years.