C++ Chapter 2 Quiz Test

An algorithm refers to a set of sequential instructions that are followed in order to solve a problem. It is a step-by-step procedure or a well-defined computational procedure that takes an input and produces an output. Algorithms can be used in various fields such as computer science, mathematics, and engineering to solve complex problems efficiently and effectively. By following a specific set of instructions, algorithms provide a systematic approach to finding solutions and are essential in the development of software and computer programs.

A byte is a unit of digital information that typically consists of 8 bits. Each bit can be either a 0 or a 1, representing binary data. Therefore, there are 8 bits in a byte.

An analog device refers to something that utilizes quantities that are available or exist within a range. This implies that the device operates based on continuous variables rather than discrete values. Unlike digital devices that use switches to represent information, analog devices work with a continuous signal that can have infinite values within a given range. Therefore, the correct answer accurately defines an analog device as one that employs quantities within a range rather than using switches to represent real-world information.

The correct answer is "Something that uses switches in combination to represent something in the real world." This definition accurately describes a digital device as it highlights the use of switches to represent real-world information. Digital devices, such as computers and smartphones, use binary code (represented by switches) to process and transmit data, enabling them to perform various tasks and functions. This definition distinguishes digital devices from analog devices that use continuous signals to represent information.

A runtime error or a crash refers to a type of error that can cause a program to abruptly stop running. It occurs when there is an issue during the execution of the program, such as accessing invalid memory, dividing by zero, or encountering an infinite loop. These errors can cause the program to terminate unexpectedly, resulting in a crash or an abnormal termination of the program's execution.

A syntax error is an error that occurs when you input a command or any other part of the program incorrectly. It refers to mistakes in the syntax or structure of the code that prevent the computer from understanding and executing the command properly. This can include misspelled keywords, missing or misplaced punctuation, or incorrect formatting. Syntax errors are common in programming and need to be fixed in order for the program to run correctly.

Binary code is an example of a low-level language because it directly represents machine instructions and is closely tied to the hardware architecture of a computer. It consists of 0s and 1s, representing the on and off states of electronic switches in a computer. Unlike high-level languages, binary code is not human-readable and requires a deep understanding of computer architecture to write and understand. It provides direct control over the hardware, making it efficient but also more difficult to work with compared to high-level languages.

After the source code is written, it is passed through a compiler which translates the code into object code. The object code is a low-level representation of the source code that can be understood by the computer. The object code is then passed to the linker, which combines it with other necessary libraries and modules to create the final executable code. Therefore, the correct step to fill in the blank is "object code".

The correct answer is a program that translates the source code of a high-level language into machine language. An interpreter is responsible for translating the code each time it is run, which means that the instructions are not saved and must be translated again for every execution of the program.

The correct answer is "Computer representation of something that exists in the real world." This is because data refers to information or facts that are collected, organized, and stored in a computer system. It can represent various aspects of the real world, such as numbers, text, images, or any other form of information that can be processed by a computer. The other options mentioned in the question do not fully capture the essence of data as a representation of real-world information.

The microprocessor is a device that executes machine language instructions. It reads the code that the programmer writes and assembles a machine language program based on those codes. It is responsible for processing and executing instructions, performing calculations, and controlling the operations of a computer system.

Answer C is the definition of a compiler.