Breast Cancer Quiz Questions And Answers

A lump in the underarm or breast area is a common symptom of breast cancer. It is important to note that not all lumps are cancerous, but it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional if any unusual lump is found. Itchy throat and pain in the arm are not typically associated with breast cancer and may be caused by other factors.

Breast cancer can affect both men and women, although it is more commonly found in women. While the majority of breast cancer cases occur in women, it is important to note that men can also develop breast cancer, although it is much rarer. Therefore, the statement that only women can get breast cancer is false.

Breast cancer is most likely to spread to the underarm area because the lymph nodes in the underarm region are the first ones to receive drainage from the breast. The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the spread of cancer cells, and if breast cancer has metastasized, it often first spreads to the nearby lymph nodes in the underarm area. Therefore, monitoring and evaluating the underarm lymph nodes is an important part of breast cancer diagnosis and staging.

Noninvasive breast cancer refers to a type of cancer where the cancer cells have remained confined to the ducts or lobules in the breast and have not spread to surrounding tissues or other parts of the body. This means that the cancer has not invaded or metastasized to other organs or distant sites. It is important to detect and treat noninvasive breast cancer early to prevent it from progressing to invasive breast cancer.

A family history of breast cancer can increase the chances of family members developing the disease. This is because certain genetic mutations that increase the risk of breast cancer can be passed down from generation to generation. While the risk is higher if a close family member such as a mother or sister has had breast cancer, it can also be increased if more distant relatives have been affected. Therefore, having a family history of breast cancer can be a significant risk factor for individuals.

Early detection of breast cancer is indeed the best chance of survival. Breast cancer is easier to treat and has a higher chance of successful treatment when detected early. Regular screenings, such as mammograms, can help in detecting breast cancer at an early stage when it is more likely to be curable. Early detection allows for prompt medical intervention, which can increase the chances of successful treatment and improve overall survival rates.

Estrogen antagonists are used to treat estrogen hormone-dependent cancer, such as breast carcinoma. A well-known estrogen antagonist used in breast cancer therapy is tamoxifen (Nolvadex). This drug, in combination with surgery and other chemotherapeutic drugs reduces breast cancer recurrence by 30 percent. Estrogen antagonists can also be administered to prevent breast cancer in women who have a strong family history of the disease. Thyroxine is a natural thyroid hormone. It does not treat thyroid cancer. ACTH is an anterior pituitary hormone, which stimulates the adrenal glands to release glucocorticoids. It does not treat adrenal cancer. Glucagon is a pancreatic alpha cell hormone, which stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. It does not treat pancreatic cancer.

According to the ACS guidelines, “Women older than age 40 should perform breast selfexamination monthly (not annually).” The hormonal receptor assay is done on a known breast tumor to determine whether the tumor is estrogen- or progesterone-dependent.

Men can get breast cancer, although it is not as common as in women. While the risk is lower, it is still possible for men to develop breast cancer due to factors such as genetics, hormonal imbalances, and exposure to certain environmental factors. Therefore, the correct answer is "Yes, but not likely."

The American Cancer Society guidelines state, "Women older than age 40 should have a mammogram annually and a clinical examination at least annually [not every 2 years]; all women should perform breast self-examination monthly [not annually]." The hormonal receptor assay is done on a known breast tumor to determine whether the tumor is estrogen- or progesterone-dependent.

Breast reconstruction is performed after mastectomy surgery. Mastectomy is the surgical removal of one or both breasts, usually to treat or prevent breast cancer. After mastectomy, some women may choose to undergo breast reconstruction to restore the appearance of the breasts. This procedure can involve the use of implants or the transfer of tissue from other parts of the body to recreate a natural-looking breast shape. Lumpectomy, on the other hand, is a less invasive surgical procedure that removes only the tumor and a small margin of surrounding healthy tissue, typically leaving the breast intact.

A person grieves to a loss of a significant object. The initial stage in the grieving process is denial, then anger, followed by bargaining, depression and last acceptance. The nurse should show acceptance of the patient’s feelings and encourage verbalization.

Breast cancer is a tumor that develops in the breast area. It is a very common disease among women and can be deadly if not detected and treated early. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" as all the statements are true.

A mammography is a type of imaging test that uses low-dose X-rays to examine the breasts for any signs of breast cancer. It can detect breast cancer before it becomes visible or causes any symptoms. This is because mammography can identify small abnormalities, such as tiny calcifications or tumors, that may not be felt during a physical examination. Early detection of breast cancer through mammography increases the chances of successful treatment and improves the overall prognosis for the patient. Therefore, the correct answer is "Yes."

A total mastectomy involves removal of the entire breast and some or all of the axillary lymph nodes. Following surgery, the client’s right arm should be elevated on pillows, to facilitate lymph drainage. Other options are incorrect because they would not help facilitate lymph drainage and would create increased edema in the affected extremity.

Zofran is given before chemotherapy to prevent nausea. Answers A, B, and D are not associated with the medication; therefore, they are incorrect.

The statement is false because the statistics actually increase for getting breast cancer as one gets older in age. This is supported by research and data that consistently show a higher risk of breast cancer in older women compared to younger women. Age is considered one of the strongest risk factors for developing breast cancer, with the majority of cases occurring in women over the age of 50.

Assessing the client’s expectations and doubts will help lessen her fears and anxieties. The nurse needs to encourage the client to verbalize and to listen and correctly provide explanations when needed.

All of the options listed - mammogram, ultrasound, MRI, and biopsy - are commonly used in diagnosing breast cancer. A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast that can detect abnormalities. Ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of the breast tissue. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) uses radio waves and magnets to produce detailed images of the breast. Biopsy involves removing a small sample of breast tissue for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present. Therefore, all of these methods are utilized in the diagnosis of breast cancer.

The American Cancer Society recommends a mammogram yearly for women over age 40. The other statements are incorrect. It’s recommended that women between ages 20 and 40 have a professional breast examination (not a mammogram) every 3 years.

Hormonal therapy is used for patients with breast cancer cells to block the supply of estrogen or progesterone to the cells. Breast cancer cells often rely on these hormones to grow and divide. By blocking the supply of these hormones, hormonal therapy can help slow down or stop the growth of breast cancer cells. This treatment approach is especially effective for hormone receptor-positive breast cancers, where the cancer cells have receptors for estrogen or progesterone. By blocking the supply of these hormones, hormonal therapy can help prevent the cancer from spreading and reduce the risk of recurrence.

Chemotherapy commonly causes nausea and vomiting, which may lead to fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Signs of fluid loss include dry oral mucous membranes, cracked lips, decreased urine output (less than 40 ml/hour), abnormally low blood pressure, and a serum potassium level below 3.5 mEq/L.

A fixed nodular mass with dimpling of the overlying skin is common during late stages of breast cancer. Many women have slightly asymmetrical breasts. Bloody nipple discharge is a sign of intraductal papilloma, a benign condition. Multiple firm, round, freely movable masses that change with the menstrual cycle indicate fibrocystic breasts, a benign condition.

The tumor infiltrates nearby tissue, it can cause retraction of the overlying skin and create a dimpling appearance.

Performed in the doctor’s office, a microcatheter is inserted through the nipple while instilling saline and retrieving the fluid for analysis. It has been shown to identify atypical cells in this population and has been found to be adept at detecting cellular changes within the breast tissue.

Women are instructed to examine themselves to discover changes that have occurred in the breast. Only a physician can diagnose lumps that are cancerous, areas of thickness or fullness that signal the presence of a malignancy, or masses that are fibrocystic as opposed to malignant.

Because of the high incidence of breast cancer, all women are considered to be at risk regardless of health history.

Local breast cancer refers to cancer that is confined to the breast and has not spread to other parts of the body. It specifically refers to the tumor or cancer cells that are located within the breast tissue itself, without involving the lymph nodes or other distant organs. This term is used to distinguish it from metastatic breast cancer, which is cancer that has spread to other areas of the body beyond the breast.

Risk for breast cancer increases twofold if first-degree female relatives (sister, mother, or daughter) had breast cancer. Increased risk is associated with early menarche (i.e., menses beginning before 12 years of age). Nulliparity and later maternal age for first birth are associated with increased risk for breast cancer. Alcohol use remains controversial; however, a slightly increased risk is found in women who consume even one drink daily and doubles among women drinking three drinks daily.

Because of the high incidence of breast cancer, all women are considered to be at risk regardless of health history.

Breast cancer tumors are fixed, hard, and poorly delineated with irregular edges. Nipple retraction —not eversion—may be a sign of cancer. A mobile mass that is soft and easily delineated is most often a fluid-filled benigned cyst. Axillary lymph nodes may or may not be palpable on initial detection of a cancerous mass.

The client must report changes in visual acuity immediately because this adverse effect may be irreversible. Tamoxifen isn’t associated with hearing loss. Although the drug may cause anorexia, headache, and hot flashes, the client need not report these adverse effects immediately because they don’t warrant a change in therapy.

Men can develop breast cancer, although they seldom do. The most reliable method for detecting breast cancer is monthly self-examination, not mammography. Lung cancer causes more deaths than breast cancer in women of all ages. A mastectomy may not be required if the tumor is small, confined, and in an early stage.

Approximately 1 in 8 women are diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime. This statistic highlights the high prevalence of breast cancer among women, emphasizing the importance of regular screenings and early detection.

It is mostly likely that grief would be expressed because of object loss.

A modified radical mastectomy leaves the pectoralis major and minor muscles intact. In a segmental mastectomy, varying amounts of breast tissue are removed, including the malignant tissue and some surrounding tissue to ensure clear margins. In a total mastectomy, breast tissue only is removed. Radical mastectomy includes removal of the pectoralis major and minor muscles in addition to breast tissue and axillary lymph node dissection.

Fine needle aspiration and biopsy provide cells for histologic examination to confirm a diagnosis of cancer. A breast self-examination, if done regularly, is the most reliable method for detecting breast lumps early. Mammography is used to detect tumors that are too small to palpate. Chest X-rays can be used to pinpoint rib metastasis.

A low-fat diet (one that maintains weight within 20% of recommended body weight) has been found to decrease a woman’s risk of breast cancer. A baseline mammogram should be done between ages 30 and 40. Monthly breast self-examinations should be done between days 7 and 10 of the menstrual cycle. The client should continue to perform monthly breast self-examinations even when receiving yearly mammograms.

The 2000 Consensus Development Conference Statement states that all women with invasive breast cancer should consider the option of systemic chemotherapy, not just women whose tumors are greater than 1 cm in size.

Lung cancer is the most deadly type of cancer in both women and men. Breast cancer ranks second in women, followed (in descending order) by colon and rectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, liver cancer, brain cancer, stomach cancer, and multiple myeloma.

Indigestion, or difficulty swallowing, is one of the seven warning signs of cancer. The other six are a change in bowel or bladder habits, a sore that does not heal, unusual bleeding or discharge, a thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere, an obvious change in a wart or mole, and a nagging cough or hoarseness. Persistent nausea may signal stomach cancer but isn’t one of the seven major warning signs. Rash and chronic ache or pain seldom indicate cancer.

30% is the percentage of breast tissue that can be removed and rearranged while still maintaining the appearance of a breast. This means that if up to 30% of the breast tissue is removed and rearranged, the breast will still retain its shape and form. Removing or rearranging more than 30% of the breast tissue may result in a significant change in the appearance of the breast.

Premenopausal women should do their self-examination immediately after the menstrual period, when the breasts are least tender and least lumpy. On the 1st and last days of the cycle, the woman’s breasts are still very tender. Postmenopausal women because their bodies lack fluctuation of hormone levels, should select one particular day of the month to do breast self-examination.

Regional refers to the lymph nodes in relation to breast cancer. Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that play a crucial role in the body's immune system. In the case of breast cancer, regional refers to the nearby lymph nodes where cancer cells can spread. The presence or absence of cancer cells in the regional lymph nodes is an important factor in determining the stage and treatment options for breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the most common reason for death in the age group of 15-54. This age range is considered to be the prime of a person's life, where they are typically more active and productive. Breast cancer is a serious disease that can affect individuals of any age, but it is particularly prevalent in this age group. Early detection and timely treatment are crucial in improving survival rates for breast cancer patients.